1、英语句子英语句子成分分析成分分析什么是句子？01英语句子成分02Part 1什么是句子？Part 1句子定义：句子是语言运用的基本单位，它由 词、词组(短语)构成，能表达一个完整的意思，如告诉别人一件事情，提出一个问题，表示 要求 或者制止，表示某种 感慨，表示对一段话的延续或省略。句子和句子中间有比较大停顿。分类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。请翻译句子 我喜欢花朵。I like flowers.花朵是五颜六色的。The flowers are colorful.我喜欢五颜六色的花朵。I like colorful flowers.我喜欢花园里五颜六色的花朵。I like colorful
2、 flowers in the garden.Part 2英语句子成分语文中的句子成分主语谓语宾语定语状语补语英语中的句子成分主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)补语（complement）什么是主语？英语中的主语句子所要说明的人或物，指动作的发出者。一个句子不能没有主语。如：I am a teacher.The tree is tall.Xiaoming loves me.Playing soccer is fun.哪些词可以做主语？1.Mr.Li is a good man.(
3、名词)2.I am a girl.(代词)3.7 is my lucky number.(数词)4.What you are reading is my book.(主语从句)5.Studying hard is not easy.(动名词)练习1.The sun is big.2.Seeing is believing.3.The rich are living in the city.4.Why he cried is a question.5.Doing homework is a sad thing.什么是谓语？英语中的谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语由动词充当，句子中不能没有谓语
4、。如：I am a teacher.My mom loves me.I have a pen.哪些词可以做谓语？动词包括（两领导）系动词实义动词（行为动词）be动词：am,is,are,was,were感官动词：sound,taste,look.其他系动词及物动词（后可直接跟宾语）不及物动词（后不可直接跟宾语）哪些词可以做谓语？动词包括（两跟班）情态动词助动词can,should,will.情态动词be动词do，does情态动词和助动词不可单独做谓语，后面必须跟实义动词或系动词原形。练习1.The sun is big.2.I want a pen.3.The tree grows stron
5、g.4.I can play basketball.5.She cried.什么是宾语？英语中的宾语宾语是动作，行为的对象，它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之后 如：I am a teacher.My mom loves me.I have a pen.哪些词可以做宾语？1.Show me your ID card,please.(名词)2.She didnt say anything.(代词)3.They asked to see my ID card.(不定式)4.I enjoy working with you.(动名词/短语)5.How many do you want?
6、-I want two.(数词)7.He said that he likes playing football.(从句)练习1.We often help him.2.He likes to play basketball.3.We enjoy listening to the music.4.She said that he felt sick.什么是定语？英语中的宾语修饰或限定名词或代词的句子成分。一般译为“.的”。如：I am a good teacher.My mom loves me.The girl in red is Mary.哪些词可以做定语？1,She is a beaut
7、iful girl.（形容词）2,He is our friend.（代词）3,I have ten books.（数词）4,There is an apple tree.（名词）5,The man over there/in red/playing football is my old friend.（副词短语/介词短语/现在分词短语）6.This is the way to the library.（不定式短语）11,You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）练习1.I have two computers.2.He is my friend.3.I
8、 have many thing to do.4.I like books that are interesting.什么是状语？英语中的状语定义说明动作或状态特征的成分，修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子。分类：时间状语（说明时间）；地点状语（说明地点）；方式状语（说明方式）；原因状语（说明原因）；结果状语（说明结果）；条件状语（说明条件）；让步状语（说明让步）；目的状语（说明目的）；等。哪些词可以做状语？1,They are playing football on the playground.（介词短语）2,Eve works hard.（副词）3,We come here to see th
9、e great building.（不定式短语）4,His parents died,leaving him an orphan.（现在分词短语）5,Moved by the movie,the boy began to cry.（过去分词短语）6,He wants to be a doctor when he grow up.（状语从句）练习1,I watched TV last night.2,They are playing football on the playground.3,He was sent to prison for robbery.4,I joined you to l
10、earn English.什么是补语？英语中的补语用来补充说明主语和宾语的身份、动作、特征和状态，以使句子语义表达完整，包括宾语补足语和主语补足语，最常见的是宾语补足语。如：We made him a teacher.She saw me crying.哪些词可以做补语？1.We call him Little Cat.(名词)2.The doctor told me to do more exercise.（不定式短语）3.I made her sad.（形容词）4.I have my hair cut.(过去分词表被动)5.They saw a bird flying in the sky
11、.(现在分词)练习1.You make me happy.2.He found the book enjoyable.3.Let me go.4.Mom asked me to buy some food.什么是表语？英语中的表语用来表明主语的身份、品性、特征和状态。放在系动词后面。如：I am a teacher.My mom feels better.It is mine.哪些词可以做表语？1,Our English teacher is an American.（名词）2,Is it yours?（代词）3,The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4,The s
12、peech is exciting.（分词）5,Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）6,His dream is to teach English.（不定式）7,His hobby is playing football.（动名词）8,The bird is in the tree.（介词短语）9,The truth is that he lost his pen.（表语从句）练习1.The show is begining.2.They are on the playground.3.Time is wasted.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds interesting.Homework1.整理笔记。2.做一个有关句子成分的思维导图。感谢观看感谢观看
