1、专题十五专题十五 词汇运用词汇运用中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于7-9年级学生本专题一般共需6课时第四课时 常考词汇用法和区别(二)一、常考词汇辨析二、巩固练习1.another,more,other 三个词均可表示具有增加意义的“还”、“再”.another置于数词前,而more,other置于数词后。如:We need five more men.我们还需要五个人。I want another three books.我还需要三本书。He works on the Great Green Wall with many other people.他和其他一些人在“绿色长城”上工作。最后这个
2、例句中的other并不表示增加之意,而是表示除自己以外的别的人。2.especial,special 在表示事物不寻常,过分或特殊时,这两个词可以互换使用,只是special较especial普遍。不过,我们通常用special表示一种特别的目的,专门的。如:She paid special(especial)attention to clothes.她特别讲究穿着。Thats my fathers special chair in his office.那是我父亲办公室的专用椅子。These are special shoes made for John.这是专门为约翰做的鞋子。3.fest
3、ival,holiday,vacation 1)festival意为“节日”,指喜庆日和持续一段时间的文娱活动,如 the Spring Festival(春节),the film festival(电影节),2)holiday为“假日,休息日”,主要指按风俗习惯或法律规定的纪念日或休息日。其复数形式可表示延续一段时间的“假期”,美式英语中则习惯用单数。如:the Christmas holidays(圣诞节假期),the school holiday(学校的假期)。3)vacation为“假期”,指放下工作和学习的一段较长的休息时间,常可用holidays替换。如a paid vacatio
4、n(带薪假期),the summer vacation/holidays(暑假)。4.gone,lost,missing 1)gone表示“丢了,没了”,含有一去不复返的意味,在句中可作表语和补语,但不能作定语。如:She looked down at her dress and found her necklace gone.她低头看了一下自己的衣服,发现项链不见了。2)lost表示“丢失”,含有失去后难以找回的意味,在句中可作定语,表语和补语。如:The parents found the lost child at last.父母亲终于找到了自己丢失的孩子。His elder broth
5、er was lost at sea.他的哥哥在海里失踪了。3)missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人或某物不在原处,在句中可作定语,表语和补语。如:My JapaneseChinese dictionary is missing.我的日汉词典不见了。The police are trying their best to find the missing schoolgirl.警方正在尽力寻找这个失踪的女生。5.high,tall 这两个词都是“高”的意思。1)high 常见用法有:物体高出地面之上,如:Its the highest mountain in the world.它是世
6、界上最高的山。离开地面的高度或测量的高度,如:The tower is about 200 meters high.这座大约有200米高。比喻性的高,合成词。如:high price(高价),high jump(跳高)。社会地位高。如:a high official(一位高级官员)2)tall 一般指人和动物的体长或物体高度超过宽度。如:She is taller than the boy.她比这个小男孩高。Quiz 选词填空1.There is a building near here.(tall,high)2.Would you like some tea.(another,more,ot
7、her)3.Luckily,I found my keys.(gone,missing,lost)4.I thought it was a chair for his grandpa.(special,especial)5.The winter is coming.(festival,vacation)6.even,even though,though 1)even是副词,作“甚至”解,用来强调语气。它在句中的位置应靠近所强调的词或短语,否则会引起歧义。体会以下各句意思:She would not even enter my room.她甚至不进我的房间。Even she would not
8、enter my room.甚至连她也不进我的房间。She would not enter even my room.她甚至连我的房间也不进来。2)even though(=even if)和though都为连词,前者为“即使,纵使”,表示退一步设想,引导一个条件状语从句,含有不肯定的意味;后者为“虽然”,引导一个让步状语从句,表示的是一种事实。参见下列两个例句,前一句表示一种设想与假设,后一句表示“他确实知道”的事实。如:He will not tell us the secret,even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。He wi
9、ll not tell us the secret though he knows it.虽然他知道这个秘密,但却不肯说出来。7.till,until 1)till和until都可以用作连词和介词,用于肯定句和否定句。用于肯定句时,只与持续性动词连用,表示“到为止”。用于否定句时,通常与瞬间动词连用,也可与持续性动词连用,表示“直到才”的意思。这两个词一般情况下可以相互使换用。如:We waited for him until/till six oclock.我们等他一直等到六点钟。The pupil will not begin the meeting till/until their cl
10、ass supervisor comes.学生们等到班主任一到就开始开会。2)当until用于句首时,一般不能用till代替。在以not开始的从句或短语时,till一般也不可代替until,而且这种句式要用倒装语序。如Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.直到比赛的最后一分钟,我们仍然坚持奋战。Not until he had finished his work did he go home.他直到把工作做完,才回家去。8.worth,worthy(1)worth 表示“值”、“相等于的价值”。表示“价值”的意思时,常与表示钱方面
11、的名词连用;表示“值得”的意思时,常与名词连用。它一般用作表语。常用下面两种句型:sth.+be worth+动名词或名词,It+be worth(ones)while+动名词(或不定式)。如:The city is well worth visiting twice.这个城市很值得再去看看。=It is worthwhile to visit/visiting the city twice.=It is worth our while to visit the city twice.=It is worthwhile for us to visit the city twice.What y
12、ou have done is worth praise.你所做的修复表扬。(2)worthy 作“值得”、“应的”、“足以”解。用作形容词时,表示对某事有资格或合适的意思,通常作表语用。后接of短语或不定式。它还可表示可尊敬的,有价值的等到意思,用作定语。如:She is worthy of praise.=She is worth praise.她值得表扬。The science fiction is very worthy of being read.=The science fiction is very worthy to be read.这篇科技故事值得一读。=The scienc
13、e fiction is well worth reading.=It is worthwhile reading the science fiction.=It is worthwhile to read the science fiction.9.good,well,nice 这三个词都表示“好”的意思,但它们在词性和修饰的对象方面有所不同。1)good,“好”,是形容词用来修饰名词,如good news好消息;good points优点;a good year好年成。如:She is a good singer.她是一个好歌手。We had a good time together wa
14、tching the volleyball match.我们一起看排球真好。2)well,“好、令人满意地”,是副词,用来修饰动词,如well done干得好,live well生活得好。如:Kate doesnt sing well,but she dances well.凯特唱不好,但她舞跳得很好。3)表示身体健康要用well不用good,这时well是形容词。如:Im feeling very well today.我今天感觉身体很好。注意:well作名词解为“井”之意。4)nice,“好的”,“好看的”,是形容词,用来修饰名词。在表示“好”的含义与good不一样。如a nice gir
15、l一个好看的姑娘;nice weather好天气。5)nice 也可以表示“愉快的”,但在修饰程度上与good不一样。试看:He was very nice to me.他对我真好。10.great,big,large,vast,huge 这五个形容词都有“大”之意,有时可互换使用,但在含义和用法也有一定的差异。1)big 和large都可表示具体事物形体或面积的大小,往往可以互换,但big较口语化。如:Our factory is a big/large one.我们的工厂很大。2)在表示物体重量、人的身高大或长大了时,只能用big。如:The box is too big to carry
16、.这个盒子太大,拿不了。3)在表示数量时,用large,不用big。如:A large number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。4)great 的意思是“大、伟大的”,多用于抽象意思。在修饰具体事物时,带有一定的感情色彩。如:There have been many great presidents in American history.美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。5)在表示抽象意思时,有也可用big,但great更为正式。如:Great/Big chan
17、ges have taken place in our country in recent years.近几年来,我们国家发生了很大变化。6)vast常用来指“广袤无垠的”、“面积广阔的”。如:a vast forest,a vast sea,a vast desert,vast darkness等。7)huge指巨大的,往往指体积。如:a huge stone,a huge building等。1.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,_ they knew it to be valuable.A.even B.now that C.eve
18、n though D.so that2.when are you going to stay here?A.Until B.Till C.When D.If 3.This kind of bicycle sells_?A.good B.well C.nice D.fine 4.The second-hand house is of being bought.A.worthy B.worth C.worthwhile D.while5.Human is very _.He invented robots with _arms to help them carry very_ things.A big,great,large B large,big,great C great,large,big D big,large,greatCABAC课时总结 词汇辨析是中考必考知识点,一般以单选和完形填空形式考查,需要在平时学习中多积累,把常用的近义词区别搞清楚,并善于观察思考,理解记忆,在练习中,学会运用,达到融会贯通,