1、中考一轮复习（全）被动语态被动语态 一.语态的分类 二.八种时态中的被动语态 三.含有情态动词的被动语态 四.被动语态的使用 五.主动语态变被动语态的方法 六.语态转换时所注意的问题 七.题型练习一.语态分类英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态和被动语态被动语态。主动语态表示主语主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语主语是动作的承受者。e.gTheywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.被动语态形式被动语态形式：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。二.八种时态中的被动语态一般现在时一般现在时：am/is
2、/are+donee.gThefloweriswateredeveryday.一般过去时一般过去时：was/were+donee.gThedogwaswalkedeverydaylastweek.一般将来时一般将来时：willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+donee.gThemusicwillbeplayedinthemalltomorrow.Themusicisgoingtobeplayedinthemalltomorrow.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+donee.gThewaterisbeingdrunkbythelitterboyquickly.过去
3、进行时：was/were+being+donee.gThecasewasbeingsolvedbythepolicethattime.现在完成时：have/has+been+donee.gThehomeworkhasbeenfinishedbythestudent.过去完成时：had+been+donee.gTomhadbeeninvitedtotomusuemyesterday.将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+donee.gTheschoolwillhavebeenbuiltby2024.注意：注意：被动语态没有将来进行时三.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态
4、是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。e.gYoumusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.e.gHecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.四.被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。eg.“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动
5、作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。eg.TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。eg.ThesecarsweremadeinChina.思考：思考：be made of、be made from的区别？的区别？五.主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动
6、词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。.六.语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。eg.Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerwasboughtbyus.2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多.V+sbsth=sbbeV-edsthe.gMyunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncleon
7、mybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：e.gApresentwasgiventomeonmybirthday.注意：注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。eg.Thebookisshowntotheclass.Mybikeislenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,f
8、ix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。eg.Anewskirtismadeforme.Themeatiscookedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。及物动词+介词:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。eg.Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：
9、如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。eg.Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：eg.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomis
10、alwayskeptcleanbyus.注意：注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to。eg.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：eg.Nobodycananswerthisquestion.Thequestioncanbeanswer
11、edbynobody.()Thequestioncantbeansweredbyanybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：e.g They havent done anything to make the river clean.Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：e.gWhowrotethestory?Byw
12、homwasthestorywritten?8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：e.gTheclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。eg.Doyoulikethematerial?
13、Yes,itfeels（feel）verysoft.Thefoodtastes(taste)delicious.Thepopmusicsounds(sound)beautiful.谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等,不用被动语态。eg.Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,be
14、longto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：eg.Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。eg.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：eg
15、.ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisreportedthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat据推测Itissupposedthat题型练习1.Studentsdolesshomeworknow.Usuallyit_b
16、efore9oclockintheevening.A.finishesB.finishedC.isfinishedD.wasfinished2.HeJiang_togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.A.invitesB.invitedC.isinvitedD.wasinvited3.Anewroad_nearmyschoolnextyear.A.buildsB.willbuildC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt4.Ifyoureallyholdontoyourdreams,they_trueoneday.A.cameB.willbecomeC.hascomeD.willcome5.-Didyousleepwelllastnight?-Farfromthat!Oneofmyneighbours_musicprettygood.A.playsB.isplayingC.wasplayingD.wasbeplayed
