1、1The person who/that helped me was a stranger.The pen that/which he chose was very expensive.Everything that I do seems to be wrong.Everyone that knows her likes her.The book that/which I want is on the top shelf.The car which/that knocked him down did not stop.2句子类型句子类型简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句含有主句主句从句从句
2、名词性从句名词性从句副词性从句副词性从句形容词性从句形容词性从句3 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从 句，句，同位语从句同位语从句副词性从句：状语从句副词性从句：状语从句形容词性从句：定语从句形容词性从句：定语从句4定语从句定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的主：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的主 谓结构，由关系词引导，位于先行词谓结构，由关系词引导，位于先行词 之后。可分为限定性定语从句和非限之后。可分为限定性定语从句和非限 定性定语从句。定性定语从句。先行词先行词：定语从句所修饰的词。：定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句引导定语从
3、句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词5关系代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语关系代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 （which,that,who,whom,whose）。）。关系副词：在从句中作状语（关系副词：在从句中作状语（when,where,why）。）。6General uses of the relative words（关系词的基本用法）（关系词的基本用法）Relative pronouns关系代词关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhoseRelative adverbs关系副词关系副词used for things or animalsused for perso
4、nswhen:where:why:used for time as an adverbial in the clauseused for places as an adverbial in the clauseused after the word“reason”7e.g.The woman who/that sits next to my mother teaches us mathematics.Those are not the girls（whom）I saw yesterday.She was very pleased with the present（that/which）he b
5、ought her.This is the book that was given to me.She complained to the man whose dog had bitten her.I want to speak to the man whose car was parked outside my house all day.He lives in a room whose window faces south.81.The tree was very tall.He climbed it.2.He looked for the girl.She was selling tic
6、kets.3.This is my brother.He is going to India.4.The boy is my friend.His picture is in the newspaper.The tree that/which he climbed was very tall.He looked for the girl who was selling tickets.This is my brother who is going to India.The boy whose picture is in the newspaper is my friend.Practice:J
7、oin the two sentences together9The Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause(限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)A restrictive attributive clause tells us which particular thing or person is meant.In the above examples the restrictive attributive clauses answer the questions
8、:Which person?Which pen?Which man?The person who/that helped me was a stranger.The pen(that)he chose was very expensive.The man(that/whom)they elected was very popular.Restrictive attributive clauses10Note:(i)These clauses are not marked off by commas.(ii)In the first example who or that may be used
9、.(iii)In the last two examples that or whom may be left out.11Non-restrictive attributive clauses My eldest brother,who is seventeen,has left school.The letter to Mary,which I posted a month ago,has still not arrived.John,with whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.My aunt Helen,whose cat i
10、s called Tabitha,keeps many pets.Non-restrictive attributive clause do not answer the question:“Which one?”.We already know which person or thing is meant.Non-restrictive Attributive Clause simply add information.12Notice that in non-restrictive attributive clause:(i)Which is used rather than that.(
11、ii)Which,who and whom are never omitted.(iii)Whom is used as the object of a non-restrictive attributive clause.(iv)Usually commas are placed before and after non-restrictive attributive clause.13关系副词：在从句中作状语（关系副词：在从句中作状语（when,where,why）。）。when:where:why:used for time as an adverbial in the clauseus
12、ed for places as an adverbial in the clauseused after the word“reason”e.g.Have you been to the factory where your father works?They met at the time when they were both working for the same company.Do you still remember the day when you first came to the school?The reason why he didnt come was that h
13、e was sick.14 Kunming is a beautiful city where flowers are seen all the year round.1.Kunming is a beautiful city.Flowers are seen all the year round.Practice:Join the two sentences together.I will never forget the day when I went to meet you at the airport.2.I will never forget the day.I went to me
14、et you at the airport on the day.The reason why Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low.3.Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy.It was because his grades were too low.15关系代词做介词的宾语关系代词做介词的宾语When we use a relative pronoun with a preposition,we have two choices.
15、Placing the preposition before the relative pronoun is more formalThe woman who/whom Spielberg is married to is an actress.The woman to whom Spielberg is married is a actress.The car which/that my brother was sitting in was barely touched but the other car was badly damaged.The car in which my broth
16、er was sitting was barely touched but the other car was badly damaged.16Practice:Join the two sentence together.1.This book is about the time.Lincoln was President then.2.This is the house.Edison was born in the house.3.The school is still standing.Marx learnt to read and write there.4.There were ma
17、ny poor people in the town.John grew up in the town.5.Lincoln had very little free time.He could study then.6.Yesterday we went to visit the house.The great writer used to live in the house.This book is about the time when Lincoln was President.This is the house where Edison was born.The school wher
18、e Marx learnt to read and write is still standing.There were many poor people in the town where John grew up.Lincoln had very little free time when he could study.Yesterday we went to visit the house where the great writer used to live.17Exercises for Attributive Clause1.Fill in the relative blanket
19、s using the relative pronouns,relative adverbs or preposition+relative pronoun.California,_ official nickname is the Golden State,is one of the fastest growing states in the United States.The first people _explored and settled California were the Spaniards,_ gave Spanish names to its two great citie
20、s,Los Angeles and San Francisco.1849 was the year _Americans came and so was it the time_ gold was discovered.The reason _ the men _ made movies came to California was that the weather here is fine.The sun allowed them to take pictures outdoors nearly every day in the year.Hollywood,_ lies in the no
21、rthwestern part of the city of Los Angles,became the movie capital of the world.When oil was discovered,people came to work in the oil field.World War II was the period_ many large airplane factories were built in California.The highest mountain in California is Mt Whitney,a 14,494-foot-high granite
22、 peak,_ _ one can look down on Death Valley to the east,the lowest point in the United States._whosewhowhowhenwhenwhywhowhichwhenfrom/onwhich182.Fill in the blankets using a preposition followed by which.1)He showed me his diary,_ he had recorded everything that had happened.2)The manager sat down a
23、t his desk _there was a huge pile of papers.3)My bag was missing _ I had put all my notes.4)The preservation of wild life,_ he had written several articles,was very important to him.5)This is the camera _ I took the photograph.6)The train _ they are traveling is late.7)The window _ the burglar had climbed was still open.8)The hotel_my friend is staying is a very good one.in whichon whichin whichabout whichwith whichon whichthrough whichin which1920
