1、Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldDiscovering Useful Structures 定语从句定语从句IIReview:What is the attributive clause？eg.She is the one that you never forget.定语定语从句从句结构结构：从句关系词关系词修饰名词或代词的句子先行词关系词被修饰的名词或代词 引导定语从句 替代先行词 充当句子成分关系代词关系副词关系副词who whom that which whose when where why 定义定义：关系代词(Relative pronouns)wh
2、o(s/o)whom(o)which(s/o)that(s/o)whose(定）只指人只指物 既指人，又指物指整件事The usage of relative pronouns:指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhosesb/sthsth/句子句子sbsb(人人/物物)的的S/OS/OO定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省S/O识找插判选识别定语从句找先行词和动词，划分主从句把先行词插入到从句中判断插入部分:是人；是物；是“人/物的”依据指代,正确选用解题步骤Practice1.I like
3、 the students _ handwriting is neat and beautiful.2.I like the school _ has a long history.3.He _ has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。4.The boy _ I saw in the dining hall is called Li Hua.5.The place _ you have visited twice is amazing.whosewhich/thatwho/that(who/that)(which/t
4、hat)Underline the restrictive relative clause.1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.2.Emperor Qingshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3.There are many reasons why people learn a foreign l
5、anguage.uInformation:a time for an event.uInformation:a location for an event.uInformation:a reason for an action.Fill in the blanks.time时间状语时间状语placereason地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语作状语作状语，即从句，即从句成分齐全成分齐全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。，不缺主，宾，表，定语。The time when I arrived.The mines where I worked.The reason why I got a job.关系副词关系
6、副词指代指代在在从句从句中充当的成分中充当的成分例句例句when where why关系副词Eg：I still remember the days we swam together in the river.总结关系副词的作用：1.指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词2.连接主句和从句3.在从句中充当句子成分状语先行词先行词（表示时间）（表示时间）关系副词关系副词（作状语）（作状语）定语从句定语从句 关系副词关系副词-When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。Ill never forget the day when(on whi
7、ch)I joined the team.Ill never forget the day.I joined the team on that day.分解when作时间状语 when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词time,hour,day,year,moment,occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段,stage时期，interval 间隙等词 并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词(in/on/during)+whichIll never forget the moment in which(when)I studied in the classroom.关系副词关系副词-W
8、here引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。The school where(in which)my son studies is near a park.The school is near a park.My son studies in this school.分解where作地点状语 where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition,activity,scene,occasion等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。The accid
9、ent has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。You have reached a point_ medicine cant help.We are in a position _ we may lose a lot of money.I have reached the stage _ I just dont care any more.wherewherewhere 关系副词关系副词-Why引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句
10、中作原因状语，可用“for+which”来替换。Do you know the reason why(for which)he is so upset?Do you know the reason.He is so upset.分解why作原因状语定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路This is the stadium where the 2022 World Cup final will be held.1.This is the stadium.2.The 2022 World Cup final will be held at the stadium.1.This is the rea
11、son.2.Many girls like watching the World Cup for the reason.This is the reason why many girls like watching the World Cup.定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路1.Qatar is the host country.2.The 2022 World Cup is being held in Qatar.Qatar where the 2022 World Cup is being held is the host country.定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路1.The
12、 World Cup is a big event in the field of football.2.Many strong football teams will fight for the championship in the World Cup.The World Cup where many strong football teams will fight for the championship is a big event in the field of football.定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路介词介词+which=关系副词关系副词This is the sta
13、dium at which the 2022 World Cup final will be held.1.This is the stadium.2.The 2022 World Cup final will be held at the stadium.at which=whereThis is the stadium where the 2022 World Cup final will be held.1.This is the reason.2.Many girls like watching the World Cup for the reason.This is the reas
14、on why many girls like watching the World Cup.for which=whyThis is the reason for which many girls like watching the World Cup.介词介词+which=关系副词关系副词1.Qatar(卡塔尔)is the host country.2.The 2022 World Cup is being held in Qatar.Qatar in which the 2022 World Cup is being held is the host country.in which=w
15、hereQatar is the host country where the 2022 World Cup is being held.介词介词+which=关系副词关系副词二、二、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系副词关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,关系副词也可用关系副词也可用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”代替。代替。1.关系代词关系代词的确定的确定在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用关系代词只能用which或或whom，（先行词指物时，（先行词指物时,用用which;先行词指人时先
16、行词指人时,用用whom）介词+关系代词介词介词+which/whom,介词如何选择介词如何选择介词选择的三个原则介词选择的三个原则1.1.“一先一先”，即根据，即根据先先行词的习惯搭配或意义行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。来确定介词。2.2.“二动二动”，即根据定语从句中的，即根据定语从句中的谓语谓语动动词的习惯搭配词的习惯搭配来确定介词。来确定介词。3.3.“三意义三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的，即根据定语从句所表达的意义意义来确定介词。来确定介词。He is the man in whom you can believe.2.“二动二动”看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配。看定语从句
17、中动词或形容词与介词的搭配。He gave me some books with which I am not very familiar.1.“一先一先”看介词与先行词搭配。看介词与先行词搭配。This is our classroom in which there is a teachers desk.The farm on which my father works is far from the town.3.“三意义三意义”根据句意而定。根据句意而定。The soldier,without whom I wouldnt have suvived the earthquake,reti
18、red（退休）（退休）last week.介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句时关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行如先行词是人词是人,关系代词只能为关系代词只能为whom.如先行词如先行词是物是物,关系代词只能为关系代词只能为which.用介词 关系代词填空。1.Who is the person _ _ you just shook hands?2.China is a powerful country,_ _ we are proud.3.This is the tree _ _ we used to play games.4.This is my glasses,_ _ I cant see cl
19、early.5.Do you remember the day _ _ you joined our club?with whom without which under whichof which on whichThe patient whom she is looking after is her father.并非所有并非所有介词都可以放到关系代词前介词都可以放到关系代词前有些有些“动词动词+介词介词”被视为一个被视为一个固定的词组固定的词组,不可分割不可分割,这时这时不能不能把把介词置于关系代词前介词置于关系代词前,如：如：look for,look after,pay attent
20、ion to,take care of,look forward to,go through等。等。The patient after whom she is looking is her father.特别提示：特别提示：介词+关系代词关系代词关系代词 VS.VS.关系副词关系副词判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分 从句从句缺少缺少主、宾、定主、宾、定关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 从句缺从句缺状语状语 方法：分析从句句子成分关系关系副词和关系代词的选择副词和关系代词的选择不能看到地点就用不能看到地点就用where，要看从句缺什么成分，要看从句缺什么成分I
21、 still remember the time _we first met each other.I still remember the time _we spent together.whenwhich/that关系关系副词和关系代词的选择副词和关系代词的选择不能看到时间就用不能看到时间就用when，要看从句缺什么成分，要看从句缺什么成分This is the reason _ she cried.This is the reason _ she gave me.不及物动词，从句不缺成分不及物动词，从句不缺成分缺少直接宾语缺少直接宾语give sb sth 给某人某物that/which
22、why关系关系副词和关系代词的选择副词和关系代词的选择不能看到不能看到reason就用就用why，要看从句缺什么成分，要看从句缺什么成分1.Many lessons are now available online,from _ students can choose for free.（2020江苏卷）2.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.（2019江苏卷）3.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but
23、 not full sentences.（2019江苏卷）whichwhenwhere高考真题高考真题总结定语从句三步定语从句三步走走：一、先找出一、先找出主句主句；二、确定二、确定先行词先行词三、判断三、判断关系词关系词在从句中做的在从句中做的成分成分定语从句的引导词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词指人指人指物指物that(主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语),which(主语主语/宾语宾语),who(主语主语/宾语宾语),whom(宾语宾语),whose(定语定语)，as(主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)w
24、here(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)Ps:Ps:关系词关系词在从句中做在从句中做状语状语时，连接词有时时，连接词有时可以用可以用介词介词+which/whom+which/whom来替换关系副词来替换关系副词Summary关系副词：关系副词：when where why 关系副词关系副词指代指代在定语从句中在定语从句中担任成分担任成分相当于介词相当于介词+whichwhenwherewhy时间时间时间状语时间状语at/in/on/during.which地点地点地点状语地点状语in/at.which原因原因原因状语原因状语for whichThan
25、k you 定语从句中的注意事项定语从句中的注意事项 wayway后面的定语从句后面的定语从句先行词way后面的定语从句缺少宾语用that，which或省略若定语从句缺少状语，用in which，that或省略。1.The way _ he explained to us was quite simple.2.The way _ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填 定语定语从句与非谓语的转化从句与非谓语的转化1.I love the s
26、tories that were written by Lu Xun.2.This is the house that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.3.My sister who lives in America doesnt like fast food.1.I love the stories written by Lu Xun.2.This is the house built by my grandfather forty years ago.3.My sister living in America doesnt like fast food.
