1、Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldDiscovering Useful Structures 定语从句定语从句IINote1:定语从句：当我们把一个句子用来做_去修饰一个_时，这个句子就称为定语从句。Note2:被定语从句限定的词叫做_,引导定语从句的词叫做_，分别是_和_;其中_为关系代词。定语名词或者代词先行词引导词/关系词关系代词关系副词which,that,who,whom,whose,asReview定语从句定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定语作用的从句。Bobby is a boy who is very fat.先行词关系词定语从句先
2、行词:被修饰的名词或代词关系词：1.连接从句；2.替代先行词；3.在从句中充当成分关系代词关系代词可指代可指代从句中的成分从句中的成分whowhomwhichthatwhose人人主语、宾语主语、宾语人人宾语宾语物物主语、宾语主语、宾语人、物人、物主语、宾语主语、宾语人、物人、物定语定语Underline the restrictive relative clause.1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.2.Emperor Qingshihuang united the seven major states into
3、one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3.There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.关系副词关系副词指代指代充当成分充当成分Fill in the blanks.whenwhywherereasonplacetime时间状语原因状语地点状语 关系副词关系副词-When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。Ill never
4、forget the day when(on which)I joined the team.Ill never forget the day.I joined the team on that day.分解when作时间状语不能看到时间就用不能看到时间就用when看从句缺什么成分看从句缺什么成分Ill never forget the day _ I lived in the mountains.Ill never forget the day _ I spent in the mountains.whenthat/which/省略省略 when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词time,ho
5、ur,day,year,moment,occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段,stage时期，interval 间隙等词 并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词(in/on/during)+whichIll never forget the moment in which(when)I studied in the classroom.关系副词关系副词-Where引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”来替换。The school where(in which)my son studies is near a park.The sc
6、hool is near a park.My son studies in this school.分解where作地点状语 不能看到地点就用不能看到地点就用where,看从句缺什么成分看从句缺什么成分 This is the house _ he was born.This is the house _ was set up by his parents.wherethat/which where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition,activity,scene,occasion等,意思是“到了某种地步
7、，在某种境况中”。The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.关系副词关系副词-Why引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，可用“for+which”来替换。Do you know the reason why(for which)he is so upset?Do you know the reason.He is so upset.分解why作原因状语不能看到reason,就用why.看从句缺什么成分This is the reason _
8、 he was late.This is the reason _he told us for his being late.whythat/which定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路This is the stadium where the 2022 World Cup final will be held.1.This is the stadium.2.The 2022 World Cup final will be held at the stadium.1.This is the reason.2.Many girls like watching the World Cup for
9、 the reason.This is the reason why many girls like watching the World Cup.定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路1.Qatar is the host country.2.The 2022 World Cup is being held in Qatar.Qatar where the 2022 World Cup is being held is the host country.定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路1.The World Cup is a big event in the field of footba
10、ll.2.Many strong football teams will fight for the championship in the World Cup.The World Cup where many strong football teams will fight for the championship is a big event in the field of football.定语从句的进化之路定语从句的进化之路 Zhangzhou is a small city in southeast China 1._ I grew up.My family moved there
11、from Xiamen in a summer 2._ I was born.The house in which I grew up is on a main street in Zhangzhou.It was a nice house with a big garden 3._ there were a lot of nice flowers.My father sold tea,and my mother had a small restaurant 4._ there were always many customers.A cousin of mine whose family I
12、 visited every summer lived with us.He was an apprentice(学徒)who/whom/that my father was teaching the tea business to.On the first floor of our house,we had a huge kitchen 8.where we all gathered for dinner.I will never forget the happy days 5._ we were eating and talking happily.The bedrooms were up
13、stairs.My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom.I slept in another which/that I shared with Polly,the smartest bird that I had ever seen.Practicewherewherewherewhenwhen介词介词+which=关系副词关系副词This is the stadium at which the 2022 World Cup final will be held.1.This is the stadium.2.The 2022 World Cu
14、p final will be held at the stadium.at which=whereThis is the stadium where the 2022 World Cup final will be held.1.This is the reason.2.Many girls like watching the World Cup for the reason.This is the reason why many girls like watching the World Cup.for which=whyThis is the reason for which many
15、girls like watching the World Cup.介词介词+which=关系副词关系副词1.Qatar(卡塔尔)is the host country.2.The 2022 World Cup is being held in Qatar.Qatar in which the 2022 World Cup is being held is the host country.in which=whereQatar is the host country where the 2022 World Cup is being held.介词介词+which=关系副词关系副词介词介词+
16、which,介词如何选择介词如何选择介词选择的三个原则介词选择的三个原则1.1.“一先一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。2.2.“二动二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。3.3.“三意义三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。He is the man in whom you can believe.2.“二动二动”看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配。看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配。He gave me some
17、books with which I am not very familiar.1.“一先一先”看介词与先行词搭配。看介词与先行词搭配。This is our classroom in which there is a teachers desk.The farm on which my father works is far from the town.3.“三意义三意义”根据句意而定。根据句意而定。The soldier,without whom I wouldnt have suvived the earthquake,retired（退休）（退休）last week.介词介词+关系代词
18、引导定语从句时关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行如先行词是人词是人,关系代词只能为关系代词只能为whom.如先行词如先行词是物是物,关系代词只能为关系代词只能为which.用介词 关系代词填空。1.Who is the person _ _ you just shook hands?2.China is a powerful country,_ _ we are proud.3.This is the tree _ _ we used to play games.4.This is my glasses,_ _ I cant see clearly.5.Do you remember the da
19、y _ _ you joined our club?with whom without which under whichof which on which关系代词关系代词 VS.VS.关系副词关系副词判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分判断依据：先行词在从句中作什么成分 从句从句缺少缺少主、宾、定主、宾、定关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 从句缺从句缺状语状语关系关系副词和关系代词的选择副词和关系代词的选择不能看到地点就用不能看到地点就用where，要看从句缺什么成分，要看从句缺什么成分I still remember the time _we first met each other.I s
20、till remember the time _we spent together.whenwhich/that关系关系副词和关系代词的选择副词和关系代词的选择不能看到时间就用不能看到时间就用when，要看从句缺什么成分，要看从句缺什么成分This is the reason _ she cried.This is the reason _ she gave me.不及物动词，从句不缺成分不及物动词，从句不缺成分缺少直接宾语缺少直接宾语give sb sth 给某人某物that/whichwhy关系关系副词和关系代词的选择副词和关系代词的选择不能看到不能看到reason就用就用why，要看从句
21、缺什么成分，要看从句缺什么成分1.Many lessons are now available online,from _ students can choose for free.（2020江苏卷）2.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.（2019江苏卷）3.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.（2019江苏卷）whichwhenwhere高考真题高考真题语篇
22、训练语篇训练 When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue and the grandma will not stay in my head.I told my mom that I wanted to give up and that I would never live in a country _ German was spoken.My mom told me that studying a language was not just for my future.
23、It was exercise for the brain.The more I learned of a language,the more my brain would grow.And I remember that day _ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.It felt like my brain had doubled in size.I had finally come to a place _ I could think in this foreign language.And I could see the world from a different point of view.I felt as if I had reached a goal _ I had been fighting for.I could open a book and see meanings not just a sea of words.I finally understood the reason _ my mom had encouraged me not to give up.wherewhen/on whichwhere/at whichwhythat/whichThank you
