1、Uni 5 Languages around he World表示具体数字时，用单数单数e.g.It spent up to$2.3 billion last year.表示泛指，用复数复数，加s or billions of sth.e.g.there are likely tens of billions of traps.这里可能有“数百亿”的陷阱。拓展：billion millionairebillionairen.十亿百万富翁亿万富翁Exercise.That will cost the country_ dollars.It needs to pay off _in foreign
2、 debt and buy energy supplies.And in 1951,the company hit$1 _in sales for the first time.billions of billionsbillion nativeones native land/country/language a naive speakerbe naive toeg.The panda is native to China.=The panda is a native of China.Communicating with a native speaker is better for chi
3、ldren than simply sitting in a classroom.adj.本地的；出生地的；原产于某地的，土产的原产于某地的，土产的某人的祖国/故乡/母语一个母语者原产于.attitudeattitudehave/show/take a/a attitude to/toward an attitude of minda positive/negative attitude to/towards altitude latitude longitude multitude n.C 态度；看法对持有采取态度心态问题对有一种积极/消极的态度 海拔高度 纬度 经度 大量；群众 his p
4、ositive attitude _ life and hard work had had finally led him to his successful career.他乐观的生活态度和努力工作最终让他在事业上获得了成功。This is the attitude _ everyone should adopt towards/to their frustration.这是每个人面对挫败时应该采取的态度。towardsthatExercise.refer torefer to.as.refer.to.refer to sb.refer to ones notesbe referred as
5、 指的是；描述；涉及；提到；参考，查阅把称作把提交给指的是某人查阅笔记被称为 同根词同根词 reference n.指称关系；参考；提及；查阅 reference books 参考书参考书eg.Home can even refer to a sense of emotional belonging.“家”甚至可以指一种情感归属。despitedespite the fact that 近义短语：even though+句子 in spite of+短语 prep.即使，尽管尽管+句子eg.Demand among collectors is growing despite the pande
6、mic.New crops are appearing,despite the lack of water.I still want to see her,despite the fact that it is raining heavilybasebase sth.on/upon sth.base foreg.They were laying the base for a new economic recovery.base itself in.=be based in+地点eg.The new organization will be_ based Changshaat the base
7、ofhave a broad base vt.以为据点；以为基础 n.底部；根据以为依据的基础、基地为铺设基础（写作可用）把总部设立于.in 在.的底部；在.基础上有广泛的基础basevt.以为据点；以为基础 n.底部；根据 同根词同根词 basic/basis/basically/based/baselessadj./n./adv./adj.basic vs based?基本的；基础的 VS 有根基的;有基地的be based on/uponon the basis of 以为依据在的基础之上 其他同根词其他同根词 basement n.地下室 baseball n.棒球 baseman n
8、.守垒员 date back（to）date back to.date from.date back+一段时间的名词 追溯到追溯到+表示具体时间具体时间的名词Examplesit is tradition _back decades.this expression dates back _(to?)the late 1860s.常用于一般现在时，无进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词作定语或状语。dating to up to dateout of date最新的；跟得上时代的过时的This castle _(date)back to Roman times lay in ruins.You gi
9、ve them information and bring them _.New fashions soon go _,dont they?Exercise.datingup to dateout of datesymbol n.符号；记号；代号；象征；标志；标志物 同根词同根词 symbolic/symbolize/symbolicallyadj./v./adv.a symbol of a cultural symbol 的象征一种文化符号/simblikli/varietya variety ofvarieties ofA wide variety of flowers were pres
10、ented in the event.展览里陈列着各种各样的花n(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化种类繁多的（可加可数名词和不可数名词）vary between.and.vary from.to.vary invary with 同根词同根词 vary vary 在.和.之间变化从.不等；在.到.之间变动 在.方面有差异随.而变化 同根词同根词 variousvarious adj.adj.for various reasonseg.The mainstream（主流）explanations（解释）in evolutionary biology(进化生物学)for these behavi
11、ours are many and varied.For strong brain power,opting for a varied diet of nutrient-rich foods is critical.varietya varied diet n(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化多样化的；多变的（比various更高级）同根词同根词 variedvaried adj.adj.多样化饮食majora major problem/factorbe majormajor inadj.主要的；重要的；大的主要的；重要的；大的n主修课程；主修学生主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究主修
12、；专门研究一个重大问题/重要因素非常重要主修（专业）a majority of 同根词同根词 majority（n.）/majorly(adv.)极度地、非常地 大多数meansa means of by this means by means of.by no means by all means n方式；方法；途径 一种.的方式通过这种方法用.办法；决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）用尽一切办法 同根词同根词 meanmeaneg.by no means is it a part of what weve done in the past.By means of phone,we
13、 can keep in touch with our friends.mean doing 意味着 mean to do 打算做这绝不是我们过去做过的事regardhave a high regard for.have no regard for.with/in regard to sth.give ones regards to.regard/consider.as.n尊重；关注尊重；关注vt.把把视为；看待视为；看待钦佩/敬重将置之度外关于某事代某人向问候把看作是eg.I have a very high regard for him and what he has achievedch
14、aracterChinese characters in character out of character build(up)character shape ones character play a character n文字；符号；人物；角色；品质；特点；性格文字；符号；人物；角色；品质；特点；性格汉字在性格方面（相符）不符合的性格磨炼个性塑造某人的性格；形成某人的个性演绎一个角色 同根词同根词 characteristic characteristic n.特点，特征 adj.典型的，独特的在be characteristic of 是.的特色eg.This usage is cha
15、racteristic of American English.global global warming the global economy adj.全球的；全世界的全球的；全世界的全球变暖全球经济 同根词同根词 globeglobe globallyglobally（adv.adv.）n.球体；球状物；地球仪the globe地球affairpolitical affairs family affairs n.公共事务；事件；关系政治事件家务事1.affair 大事小事都可以 多用复数2.incident 指历史上重要的事件或日常小事3.accident 指事故4.matter 常指麻烦
16、的事件n.物质；内容；事情；问题；困难，毛病，麻烦；重要性vi.要紧，有关系 区分区分 appreciate I would appreciate it if.appreciate (ones)doing sth.vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值增值假如，我将不胜感激感激某人做某事 同根词同根词 appreciation appreciation n.欣赏；感激；感谢；理解；明白express ones appreciation to sb.for sth.就某事表达对某人的感激之情eg.I would appreciate it if you could agre
17、e to my request.同根词同根词 appreciative appreciativeadj.感激的，表示赞赏的 special adj.特定的；明确的；具体的特定的；明确的；具体的to be specificspecific tospecific experience 具体来说；具体的说特定于；针对具体经历；具体履历specificn.专车；特刊；特价商品；特色菜；特使 adj.特别的；专门的No one receives special treatment.同根词同根词 specify specify vt.指定；列举；详细说明；把列入说明书The rules clearly s
18、pecify that competitors must not accept payment.strugglestruggle forstruggle with/against sb/sthstruggle to do sth.struggle to ones feetn.&vi.斗争；奋斗斗争；奋斗为而斗争与做斗争努力做某事挣扎着站起来The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A.to be heardB.to have been heardC.hearing D.being heardAp
19、oint of view 观点；看法观点；看法 from my point of viewfrom a scientific point of viewin my viewin view ofview on我认为从科学的角度看我认为鉴于；考虑到在的观点eg.Poland,in view of its geography and history,has always taken its security needs seriously.His views on marriage are quite traditional.equalbe without equal/have no equal b
20、e equal inbe equal to(doing)equal opportunities/rightsA equals B in sth.of equal size/length/height etcn.同等的人；相等物同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的相同的 v.（在大小、数字、数量上）等于，比得过（在大小、数字、数量上）等于，比得过无与伦比，无敌在方面相等与相等；能胜任/应付平等的机会/权利A 在某方面比得上B大小/长度/高度等相等的 同根词同根词 equality n.equality n.平等平等 equally adv.equally adv.eg.His paintings a
21、re without equal.The two towns are roughly equal in size.unequal-unequallyBill is quite equal to_（run）the office.Jack wasnt equal Tom _intelligence.They are _（一样高），but I think Jack _（胜任）the job.Two plus two_ four.Exercise.runninginof equal height be equal toequalsdemandin demand make demands on on d
22、emandsatisfy/meet ones demands demand to do sth.demand that+主语（+should）+动词原形 n.要求；需求要求；需求;vt.强烈要求；需要强烈要求；需要;vi.查问查问有需求对提出要求一经要求满足某人的要求要求做某事要求demand 后的宾语从句或同位语从句的谓语用“（should+）动词原形”。有类似用法的词还有 require，request，suggest（建议），advise 等。Examples&ExerciseHe demanded to be told everything.=He demanded that he（s
23、hould）be told everything.It was an unusually hot summer and air-conditioners were _great demand.We demanded that he（should）_(report)to us at least once a week.Passengers must show their tickets _demand.reportinondescriptionbeyond descriptiongive a detailed/general/brief description ofn.描写（文字）；形容描写（文
24、字）；形容(可数可数)无法形容；难以描述对作详尽的/概括性的/简短的描述Exercise.同根词同根词 describe describe;descriptivedescriptive The book contains_(description)of the authors childhood.The beauty of the West Lake is _description.Write a _of your favorite beach.descriptions beyond descriptionrelaterelate torelate.to.be related torelate
25、 sth.to sb.vt.联系；讲述联系；讲述涉及；与相关；把和联系起来与有关/有联系向某人讲述某事Examples&Exercise.同根词同根词 relation(n.)relation(n.);relationship(n.);related(adj.);relationship(n.);related(adj.)He later related the whole story to me.他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉。Theory should_（与紧密联系）practice.The study found a direct _（relate）between smoking and lung cancer.be closely related torelation
