1、Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句关系副词(where,when,why,prep.+which/whom)在复合句中,修饰某一 _ 或 _ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _,定语从句一般放在先行词的_,引导定语从句的词叫做 _。先行词后面关系词名词代词先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句+指代先行词指代先行词连接主句和从句连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分关系副词的作用：1.指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词2.连接主句和从句3.在从句中充当句子成分状语引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that,whi
2、ch,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why 关系副词关系副词指代指代在在从句从句中充当的成分中充当的成分例句例句when The time when I arrived.was late at night.where The mines where I worked.were 9 km from my home.whyThe reason why I got a job.was because of my hard work.一、关系副词的用法一、关系副词的用法time时间状语时间状语placereason地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语作状语，即从句成分齐
3、全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。作状语，即从句成分齐全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。如何区分关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句：表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,关系词在定语从句中作状语时,应用关系副词;若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语时,则应用关系代词。方法：分析从句句子成分It was a time when people were divided geographically.小结小结 1 when 引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,先行词为先行词为表示时间表示时间的名词的名词(time,day,year,moment),关系词关系词在在从句从句中中作时间状语作时间状语。关系副词关系副词 whe
4、nEmperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.小结小结 2 where引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,先行词为先行词为表示地点表示地点的名词的名词(place,spot,house,room,city,town,country),关系词关系词在在从句从句中中作地点状语。作地点状语。关系副词关系副词 wherewhere 还可用在表示还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名
5、词抽象意义的地点名词后后,如如 situation(情形情形),stage(阶阶段段),point(地步地步),case(情况情况),position(位置位置),condition,activity,scene,occasion等等,意思是意思是“到了某种地步到了某种地步,在某种境况或情况中在某种境况或情况中”。The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.关系副词关系副词 where特别提示特别提示并非所有的表示并非所有的表示“时间时间”和和“地点地点”的先行词，后面的定
6、语从句一定的先行词，后面的定语从句一定要用要用when和和where引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，就要用引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，就要用that或或which引导。引导。This is the house _ my father built last year.Do you still remember the days _ we spent in the countryside?that/whichthat/which判断先行词在从句中的成分，用正确的关系词填空。This is the reason _ he went.The reason _ he gave us was
7、quite reasonable.This is the place _ we visited last year.This is the place _ he works.That was the time _ he arrived.Do you still remember the time _ we spent together?which/that where when that/which why/for which that/which There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.小结小结 3 why 引导定
8、语从句时，引导定语从句时，先行词通常是先行词通常是reason,关系词关系词在在从句从句中作原因状语。中作原因状语。关系副词关系副词 why二、二、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关系副词关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,关系副词也可用关系副词也可用“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”代替。代替。1.关系代词的确定关系代词的确定在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,关系代词关系代词只能用只能用which或或whom,先行词指物时先行词指物时,用用which;先行词指人时先行词指人时,用用whom。He is th
9、e man in whom you can believe.(1)(1)看介词与定语看介词与定语从句中动词或形容词从句中动词或形容词的搭配的搭配。He gave me some books with which I am not very familiar.(2)(2)看介词与看介词与先行词先行词搭配。搭配。This is our classroom in which there is a teachers desk.The farm on which my father works is far from the town.(3)(3)根据根据句子的意思句子的意思而定。而定。The sold
10、ier,without whom I wouldnt have survived the earthquake,retired last week.2.介词的确定介词的确定The patient whom she is looking after is her father.并非所有介词都可以放到关系代词前并非所有介词都可以放到关系代词前有些有些“动词动词+介词介词”被视为一个被视为一个固定的词组固定的词组,不可分割不可分割,这时不能把介词置这时不能把介词置于关系代词前于关系代词前,如：如：look for,look after,pay attention to,take care of,lo
11、ok forward to,go through等。等。The patient after whom she is looking is her father.特别提示：特别提示：1.The film star _ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.2.The West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.3.This is my glasses,_ I cant see clearly.about whomfor whichw
12、ithout which用用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”填空填空4.The reason _ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.5.Who is the person _ you just shook hands?6.Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?7.I will treasure the days _ I lived here.with whomon whichin whichfor which定语从句三步解体法：定语从句三步解体法：一、先找出主句；一、先找出主句；二
13、、确定先行词二、确定先行词三、判断关系词在从句中做的成分三、判断关系词在从句中做的成分定语从句的引导词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词指人指人指物指物that(主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语),which(主语主语/宾语宾语),who(主语主语/宾语宾语),whom(宾语宾语),whose(定语定语)，as(主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)Ps:Ps:关系词关系词在从句中做在从句中做状语状语时，连接词有时时，连接词有时可以用
14、可以用介词介词+which/whom+which/whom来替换关系副词来替换关系副词Discovering-Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive attributive clauses.What kind of information does each clause communicate?1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one
15、unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3.There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.uInformation:a time for an event.uInformation:a location for an event.uInformation:a reason for an action.Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a r
16、estrictive relative clause.Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.the daywhen.the placewhere.I was on holiday the day when the earthquake happened.This is the day when we will have our meeting.She works near the place where my friend lives.This is the place where we can enjoy the beautiful
17、scenery.Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause.Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.the reasonwhy.the place/timein/at which.I dont know the reason why I didnt get a pay-rise.This is the reason why he comes here.This is the cupboard in which I found Gr
18、andmas glasses.Everybodys got only a finite amount of time in which they can learn things.Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns.Add a preposition where necessary.When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue,and the grammar would no
19、t stay in my head.I told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country _ German was spoken.My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future.It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.And I remember that day
20、_ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language.It felt like my brain had doubled in size.I had finally come to a place _ I could think in this foreign language,and I could see the world from a different point of view.I felt as if I had reached the goal _ I had been fighting for.I cou
21、ld open a book and see meanings,not just a sea of words.I finally understood the reason _ my mum had encouraged me not to give up.Thanks,Mum!where/in whichwhen/on whichwhere/at whichwhich/thatwhyWork in pairs.Ask and answer the questions.A:What kind of day makes you happy?B:Its a day when A:Whats yo
22、ur favourite place at school?B:Its,because it is a place where A:What kind of teachers do you like best?B:I like teachers who A:Who do you admire most?Why?B:I admire.Thats the reason why 读读句子句子，(1)画出画出定语从句定语从句 (2)找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。1.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major stat
23、es into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.where引导的定语从句修饰先行词引导的定语从句修饰先行词one unified country，先行词在从句中作状语。，先行词在从句中作状语。从句传达的信息为从句传达的信息为“the Chinese writing system began to develop in one directionin the unified country”。2.Written Chinese has also becom
24、e an important means by which China s present is connected with its past.by which引导的定语从句补充说明先行词引导的定语从句补充说明先行词means，which指代先行词指代先行词means，从句，从句传达的信息为传达的信息为“Chinas present is connected with its past by an important means(written Chinese)”。3.People in modern times can read the classic works which were w
25、ritten by Chinese in ancient times.which引导的定语从句解释说明先行词引导的定语从句解释说明先行词the classic works，先行词在从句中作主语。，先行词在从句中作主语。从句传达的信息为从句传达的信息为“the classic works were written by Chinese in ancient times”。读读句子句子，(1)画出画出定语从句定语从句 (2)找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。读读句子句子，(1)画出画出定语从句定语从句 (2)找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。找出先行词
26、并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。4.China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times,despite the many ups and downs.which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句解释解释说明先行词说明先行词ancient civilisation，先行词在从句中作主，先行词在从句中作主语。语。从句传达信息为从句传达信息为“ancient civilisation has continued all the way throu
27、gh.”。5.There are many reasons why this has been possible.why引导的定语从句解释说明先行词引导的定语从句解释说明先行词reasons，先行词在从句中作状语。关系副词，先行词在从句中作状语。关系副词why=for which，从句传达的信息为，从句传达的信息为“this has been possible for many reasons”。读读句子句子，(1)画出画出定语从句定语从句 (2)找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。6.It dates back several thousand yea
28、rs to the use of longguanimal bones and shells on which symbols were carved.on which引导的定语从句解释说明先行词引导的定语从句解释说明先行词bones and shells，which指代先行词指代先行词bones and shells，从句传达的信息是，从句传达的信息是“symbols were carved on bones and shells”。7.It was a time when people were divided geographically.when引导的定语从句解释说明先行词引导的定语从句解释说明先行词time，先行词在从句中作状语。从句传达的，先行词在从句中作状语。从句传达的信息是信息是“a time for people were divided geographically”。THANKS
