1、Unit 5 Languages around the worldWords and ExpressionsDaisy Zhoubillion n.十亿billions of 大量的hundreds/thousands/millions ofe.g._(billion)of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans.native adj.本地的，土著的 n.本地人be native to 原产于e.g.The tiger is native_India.Billionstoattitude n.态度；看法have/
2、take/adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度attitude to/towards 对.的态度e.g.We should develop a good attitude _life.to/towardsrefer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；求助 refer-_-_refer to 指的是，提到，查询，递交refer to.as 把.当作refer to a dictionary=look up a word in the dictionary查字典e.g.1.What I have to say refers_all of you.2.She alwa
3、ys referred to Ben _ that nice man.3.She _(refer)to the hospital by a neighborhood clinic.referredreferredtoaswas referredreference n.提及；涉及；查阅；参考；参考书目in/with reference to 关于e.g.1.The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without_(refer)to a doctor.2._reference to your question about cost,the tick
4、ets for the film are 35 yuan each.referenceInbase vt.以.为据点；以.为基础 n.底部；根据；基地be based on/upon 以.为基础e.g.1.The movie_(base)on a real-life incident.2._(base)on a true story,the movie is very popular among the teenagers.a military base is basedBasedbasic adj.基本的；基础的basically adv基本上basis n.基础on the basis o
5、f 以.为基础e.g.1.They have to have a_(base)understanding of computers in order to use the technology.2.She was chosen for the job _the basis of her qualifications.basicondate back to.追溯到date from.追溯e.g.1.It is believed that Chinese calligraphy_(date)back to at least the Han Dynasty.2._(date)from the Qin
6、g Dynasty,the traditional crosstalk shows or xiangsheng shows,have made all over China roar with laughter for centuries.out of date/fashion 过时datesDatingvariety n.变化；多样性；不同种类a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的various adj.各种各样的 vary from.to.从.到.不等e.g.1.One of the advantages is that we can find _(variety)
7、of topics,such as science,culture and history.2.The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages _(various)from 10 to 15.varietiesvarymajor adj.主要的，重要的；大的 n.主修课程 vi.主修major in 主修majority n.大多数e.g.1.My major is English.2.I major_ English.3.The majority of people interviewed_(prefer)TV to radio.p
8、referinno matter where,who,what,how,when.无论.e.g 1.Even today,no matter _ Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.2.No matter_hard the rain falls and the wind blows,the police keep to their posts.3.Call me when you get there,no matter_the time is.4.No
9、matter_you eat,your body will store extra calories as fat.5.No matter_you are,you can build happiness by doing the following things.wherehowwhatwhenwhomeans n.方式，方法，途径（单复数同形）by means of 依靠.方法by all means 当然可以by no means绝不means of transport _e.g.1.Written Chinese has also become an important means_wh
10、ich Chinas present is connected with its past.2.Every means_(have)been tried out.3.All means_(have)been tried out.4.She couldnt speak,but she made her wishes known _means of gestures.5.By no means_（我绝不放弃）.交通方式byhashavebywill I give up易混词用法meansby means of(doing)sthmethodthe method of/for(doing)sthap
11、proachapproach to(doing)sthwaythe way to do/of doing in this wayregard n.关心，关注；尊重；问候（复数）v.把.视为,看待；注视；凝视with/in regard to 关于（regarding).regard sb/sth as.把.视为e.g.1.She has no regard for other peoples feelings.2.Please give my regards to your parents.3._regard to his suggestions,we shall discuss them f
12、ully.4.Even to this day,Lincoln is regarded_one of the most inspiring people in the world.With/Inascharacter n.符号，文字；特点，特性；品质，性格；人物，角色 e.g.1.Chinese characters _ 2.The city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the character of the old town._ 3.Generosity is part of the American character._ 4.a major
13、character in the book._characterize vt.以.为特色e.g.An elephant is characterized by a long trunk.中国汉字特点性格角色global adj.全球的；全世界的；全面的globally adv.全球地；全局地global warming_globe n.地球；世界；地球仪e.g.1.There are many tourists from every corner of_globe.2.The commission is calling for a_(globe)ban on whaling.全球变暖thegl
14、obalaffair n.公共事务，政治事务；事件；私通，暧昧关系；私人业务，个人的事e.g.1.world/international/business affair世界/国际/商业 事务2.She wanted the celebration to be a simple family affair.3.have an affair with sb 与某人有暧昧 关系current affairs时事appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值appreciate doing 感激做某事Id appreciate it if you could.如果你.我将不胜感激app
15、reciation n.感激，欣赏，领会，鉴定e.g.1.Her family doesnt appreciate her.2.I would appreciate _if you could pay in cash.3.I really appreciate_(have)time to relax with you on this nice island.4.She shows little_(appreciate)of good music.补充：thank sb for sthithavingappreciationspecific adj.特定的，明确的，具体的specifically
16、 adv.特定地to be specific 确切说e.g.Death frightens me,_(specific)my own death.specificallystruggle vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗；打架，艰难的行进 n.斗争；奋斗，拼搏，努力，打架struggle for 争取 a country struggling for independencestruggle against/with sth 斗争，抗争struggle to do 努力做；挣扎着做.struggle to ones feet 艰难地站起来e.g.1.He struggled _cancer for tw
17、o years.2.They struggled just _(pay)their bills.3.The young artist was struggling_recognition.againstto payforpoint of view 观点from my point of view在我看来in my viewas far as I am concernedbeg vt.祈求；恳求；哀求beg sb for sth 恳求 beg to do 恳求某人做某事beggar n.乞讨者e.g.1.They begged him_help.2.He begged _(tell)the tru
18、th.forto doequal adj.相等的，相同的；平等的，同等的；相当的，能胜任的be equal to sth能胜任，相等be equal in 在.方面相等unequal adj.不平等的equality n.相同；平等e.g.1.One unit of alcohol is equal _ half a pint of beer.2.The company has an equal opportunities policy.3.I hope that he proves equal_the challenge.totodemand vt.强烈要求，需要 vi.查问 n.要求，需求
19、demand to do 要求做某事demand/require/want/need doing要求做.demand that sb(should)doin demand被需要demand for sth要求.meet ones demands满足某人的需求demanding adj.费力的；要求高的e.g.a demand_higher pay1.They demand that the agreement_(write)in black and white.2.The car needs_(clean).3.This is a _(demand)job.4.Fuel-efficient c
20、ars are _greater demand.for(should)be writtencleaningdemandingindescription n.描述，形容，说明；类型beyond description难以描述；难以形容describe v.描述，把.称为descriptive adj.描写的，叙述的describe sb/sth(as sth)描述；形容；把称为 be described as 被认为e.g.1.Jim was described by his colleagues _unusual.2.We need to give a detailed/full _(desc
21、ribe)of the procedure.3.the _(describe)passages in the novel.asdescriptiondescriptiverelate.to.联系；使有联系；把联系起来be related to 与.有联系relation n.联系in relation to 关于；比较relationship n.关系；联系e.g.1.I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.2.In the future,pay increases will_(relate)to productivity.3.We seek to improve_(relate)between our two countries.4.I have some comments to make_ relation to this matter.be relatedrelationsin
