1、Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Section B Discover Useful StructuresCONTENTSLeading-inWhile-classAfter-classPart 1Part 1Part 2Part 2Part 3Part 3Part.1Leading-inRead the following sentences and find the words that have been omitted to avoid repetition and answer the following questions.1.A:Oh,I just love nac
2、hos!Mexican corn chips covered in cheese!B:Me,too.2.A:So its the food of many different cultures,all in one dish?B:Exactly.3.A real mix of cultures here!4.Cant wait!Q1:Why use ellipsis in sentences?Q2:What sentence elements are omitted?1.A:Oh,I just love nachos!They are Mexican corn chips covered in
3、 cheese!(subject,predicate)B:Me I love nachos,too.(subject,predicate,object)2.A:So its the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dish?(subject,predicate)B:Exactly,its the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dish.(a sentence)3.There is a real mix of cultures here
4、!(subject,predicate)4.I cant wait to go there!(subject,object)Q1:Ellipsis in sentences are used because they have the clear meaning in the context,avoid repetition,make the structure more compact and make the focus more prominent.Q2:Subject,predicate,object and a sentence are omitted.Part.2While-cla
5、ss省略句省略句一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语（1）Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。（I）Doesnmate.没关系。2.省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分（You come）This way please.请这边走。（Will you）Have a smoke?抽烟吗？3.省略谓语或谓语的一部分（Is）Anybody here？有人在这里吗？Are you thirty？你30岁了吗？Yes，I am（thirty）.是的，我是。4.省略宾语Do you know Mr.Li？你认识李先生吗？I dont know（him）我不认识。二、并列复合句中的省略在由a
6、nd或but等并列连词连接的并列复合句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，通常省略后面分句的系动词、助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary（must have been）doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。2.若主语与谓语动词相同，通常省路后面分句的主谓成分。His advice made me happy，but(his advice made)Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。3.若主语不同，但主要动词
7、及后续部分相同，通常省略后面分句的主要动词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesnt（have a knowledge of first aid）.他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。三、主从复合句中的省略1.状语从句的省略（1）在 when，while，if，as if，though，although，until，once，whether.or，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。例：Wood give
8、s off much smoke while（it is）burning.木头燃烧时产生很多烟。（2）在than和as引导的比较状语从句中常省略than和a后面的某些成分。例：They didnt use more water than(it was)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。2.定语从句的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 whom，which，that可省略（但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略）。The exact year（which/that）Angela and her family spent together in China was
9、2008.安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。（2）way后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语时that/in which可以省略。The way（in which/that）he speaks to us is really annoying.他和我们讲话的方式真是讨厌3.宾语从句的省略（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接了两个或两个以上的tha引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。I believe（that）beauty comes from the heart.我相信美是发自内心的。四、虚拟语气中的省略1.虚拟条件状语从句
10、中含有had、should、were时常省略if，而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。2.在一坚持（insist），二命令（order、command），三建议（suggest、propose、advise），四要求（demand、require，request、ask）等后的宾语从句中，含这些词或它们的派生词的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important/that
11、.中常省略 should。五、动词不定式的省略1.当不定式用在形容词afraid、pleased，glad，happy，ready、willing、delighted等词后面时，to后与上文重复的内容常省略。You cant force him to answer the question if hes not ready to（answer the question）.如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强追他。2.某些使役动词，如：make、let、have和感官动词，如：see，watch,notice、observe、hear等后面作宾补的不定式常省略to，但若用于被动语态，则to不省
12、略。We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。3.两个并列使用的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间有对比关系，则不能省略to。Her job is to look after the children and（to）teach them English.她的工作是照顾这些孩子并教他们英语。4.当不定式在某些动词后作宾语或宾补时，常可省略to后面的与上文重复的部分。常见的这类动词有agree，afford、expect、forget、hope、intend、prefer、pret
13、end、refuse、want、wish、like等。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to（see the film）.我叫他去看电影，但他不想去5.连词but、except连接两个不定式，前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。I have nothing to do but wait.除了等我无能为力。6.当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。All you need to do is（to）press the button.你需要做的就是按那个按钮。六.介词的省略1.在一些固定搭配中介词常
14、被省略，如 spend time（in）doing sth；have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth；prevent/stop sb.（from）doing sth.She spends half an hour（in）reading every day.她每天花半个小时读书。2.在口语中，星期几之前的on可以省略。We will visit you（on）Tuesday.我们星期二去看你。3.在肯定句中，“for+一段时间或距离”中的for有时被省略。It has rained（for）a whole day.雨已经下了一整天了。Part.3After-classThank you！
