1、复习v.ing形式Section Learning About Language0 10 30 20 4语境感知语法归纳语基输入思维导图00语境感知losinggetting宾语主语00语境感知givingrunningusing表语定语状语时态主动被动一般式(not)doing(not)being done完成式(not)having done(not)having been done01v.ing形式作主语1.1.位于句首Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.建立一个梦想团队比
2、简单地雇用最好的人才更复杂。Having seen a lot of the world in ones youth is a good thing.年轻时见过很多世面是一件好事。单个的动词单个的动词-ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。01v.ing形式作主语2.常用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾的句式。It is a waste of time doing.做是浪费时间。It is no good/use doing.做是没用的。It is worthwhile doing.做是值得的。It is no fun doing.做没有乐趣。It is
3、no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶已洒，哭也白搭。（覆水难收。）It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.同他争辩这件事是浪费时间。It is no good/use regretting.悔恨是没用的。01v.ing形式作主语3.动词-ing 形式和 to do 作主语时的区别动名词作主语往往表示经常/多次发生的习惯性动作不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。To
4、 finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。01单句语法填空(1)（relearn）the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple，although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.(2)As a chef，（study）Chinese cuisine is what he often does whether in work or at home.(3)Its a waste of tim
5、e just（wait）.We should engage ourselves in the search work.(4)（expose）to loud noise can do damage to your hearing.(5)Being in such a beautiful and wild place (make)me feel blessed to be alive.RelearningstudyingwaitingBeing exposedmakes02v.ing形式作表语作表语的v.-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。1.动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容
6、或者某种性质或特征，表语和主语常可互换位置。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。02v.ing形式作表语2.现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing这类
7、分词有“令人的”的含义，常修饰物。Judging from his look，the news was shocking.The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring.03v.ing形式作宾语1.作动词的宾语 To avoid being noticed，he slipped into the room.I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.(1)接动词-ing 形式作宾语的常用动词（短语）有：avoid，miss，delay/put
8、 off 避免避免 错过错过 少延期少延期advise/suggest，finish，practise 建议建议 完成完成 多练习多练习enjoy，imagine，cant help 喜欢喜欢 想象想象 禁不住禁不住admit，deny，envy 承认承认 否定否定 与与嫉妒嫉妒escape，risk，excuse 逃避逃避 冒险冒险 莫原谅莫原谅stand，keep，mind 忍受忍受 保持保持 不介意不介意03v.ing形式作宾语2.作动词短语的宾语作动词短语的宾语 He insisted on doing it in his own way.I dream of sailing arou
9、nd the world and leading a happy life.(2)常见的跟v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，stick to，feel like，devote to，get/be used to，pay attention to，be worth，dream of，think of，be concerned about，set about，be addicted to，be accustomed to，devote
10、 oneself to，be used to，get down to，lead to，contribute to等等03v.ing形式作宾语 Statistics show that prices will continue rising/to rise.统计数据显示，物价将持续上涨。(3)接动词-ing 形式或 to do 作宾语时意义差别不大的动词有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，hate 等。03v.ing形式作宾语They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.They stoppe
11、d working and had a rest.(4)接动词-ing 形式或 to do 作宾语时意义差别较大的动词有：remember/forget to do sth.记着/忘记要做某事 remember/forget doing sth.记着/忘记做过某事 regret to do/doing sth.遗憾要做/后悔做了某事 try to do/doing sth.努力做/试着做某事 mean to do/doing sth.打算做/意味着做某事 stop to do/doing sth.停下来去做（另一件事）/停止做某事 cant help（to）do/doing sth.不能帮忙做
12、/禁不住做某事03v.ing形式作宾语a.动词-ing形式作宾语时，如果动作不是主语发出，则需加逻辑主语。Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗户吗？Would you mind me/my/Tom/Toms opening the window?你介意我/汤姆打开窗户吗？b.当不强调动作先后时既可以用doing也可以用having done作宾语。He admitted having referred/referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。03v.ing形式作宾语c.动词 think/find
13、/make/feel/believe/consider 后面可以用 it 作形式宾语，动词-ing 形式作真正的宾语.宾补形式 Do you consider it good trying again?你觉得再试一次有用吗？d.动词-ing 形式作介词宾语，介词可省略的短语有：spend time/money（in）doingbe busy（in）doingprevent/stop sb.（from）doinghave trouble/difficulty/a problem/a good time（in）doingThe police had much difficulty（in）findi
14、ng out the connection between the man and the case.警方颇费周折才查明这个人与该案的关联。03v.ing形式作宾语e.主动形式表被动意义need，require，want 作“需要”讲时，接动词-ing 形式作宾语，表示被动含义，相当于 to be done。The room needs equipping/to be equipped with a video camera.这个房间需要安装一台摄像机。04v.ing形式作补足语v.-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。v.-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。1.表
15、示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe等)sbdoing sth(作宾补)。When I came in，I saw Linda comforting the crying girl.我进来时，看见琳达在安慰那个哭泣的女孩。04v.ing形式作补足语2.表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)sb/sthdoing sth(作宾补)。We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。3.用于with复合结构中。I couldnt
16、 do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。单句语法填空(1)They use computers to keep the traffic _(run)smoothly.(2)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _(follow)them.(3)He had the walls _(paint)this morning.(4)Hearing the scream，the operator rushed out，
17、leaving the machine still _(run).(5)We held our breath when watching the young doctor _(deal)with the swollen skin.runningfollowingpaintedrunningdealing05v.ing形式作定语1.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。2.现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动主动关系，表示所修饰词进行进行的动作，相当于一
18、个定语从句。The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。非谓语动词形式作定语非谓语动词形式作定语：(1)过去分词作定语（done）表示被动被动，动作已完成完成。(2)动词-ing 形式作定语（Ving）表示主动主动，动作正在发生正在发生。(3)动词-ing 形式的被动式作定语（being done）表示被动被动，动作正在发
19、生正在发生。(4)不定式作定语（to do）表示主动主动，动作将要发生将要发生。(5)不定式的被动式作定语（to be done）表示被动被动，动作将要将要发生发生。the stadium built last year（已经建完）the stadium being built now（正在被建）the stadium to be built next year（将要建造）单句语法填空(1)(2019全国)When we got a call _(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.(2)The next thing he saw
20、 was smoke _（rise）from behind the house.(3)Generally speaking，the flowers _(smell)sweet can attract more bees.(4)Theres a note pinned to the door（say）when the shop will open.(5)Advertisers attempt to catch the readers interest with pictures and headlines.sayingsmellingrisingsayingexciting 05v.ing形式作
21、状语v.-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。v.-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。05v.ing形式作状语1.时间状语v.-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。Hearing the news，I couldnt help jumping.听到这个消息，我禁不住跳了起来。Having made full preparations(Afte
22、r we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination.作了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。05v.ing形式作状语2.原因状语可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。Being so excited(As he was so excited)，he couldnt go to sleep that night.由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。3.条件状语可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。Working hard at your lessons(If you work hard
23、at your lessons)，you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。05v.ing形式作状语4.方式或伴随状语 一般可以转换成并列句。The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(and they sang and danced).女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。5.结果状语表示自然而然的结果，常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句或非限制性定语从句。His father died，leaving him a lot of money(and left him a lot of money/which
24、 left him a lot of money).他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。05v.ing形式作状语6.让步状语可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。Knowing all this(Although/Though they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了这一切，他们还是要我赔偿损失。非谓语动词形式作状语：非谓语动词形式作状语：Having finished all the work,John left for home.Having been built for two years,the b
25、uilding will be used as a hospital.Given better attention,the trees could grow better.To win the election,he must make sure that the citizens support his vision for urban development.想要赢得选举，他必须确保市民们支持他的城市发展愿景。He rushed to his office,only to realise that it was a public holiday.他急忙赶到了他的办公室，才想起来那天是公共假
26、日。05v.ing形式作状语连词现在分词连词现在分词由when/while/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词现在分词”的结构形式。Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university.Though they lacked money，his parents managed to send him to university.尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。05
27、v.ing形式作状语连词连词+过去分词过去分词Once caught,people who break the law will be punished.一旦被抓，破坏法律的人就会受到法律的惩罚。If compared with that movie,this one is more interesting.和那部电影比起来，这部更有趣。v.-ing形式的复合结构形式的复合结构实际上是给v.-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。一般来说有四种形式：形容词性物主代词v.-ing名词sv.-ing代词宾格v.-ing名词v.-ing Toms winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now？你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？思维导图总结：思维导图总结：THANK YOU
