1、Unit 4 History and TraditionsDiscovering useful structuresPast participles as attribute&object complementFunctionExamples I like reading books written by Lu Xun.The high building built last year is our library.I am interested in this story.We was disappointed at our trip.He saw many buildings destro
2、yed by the strong wind.I often hear the song sung in English.Discussed many times,the plan was carried out at last.Given more time,we could have done it better.attributivepredicativeobject complementadverbial1.作作定语定语2.作表语作表语4.作状语作状语3.作宾补作宾补过去分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词【考纲解读考纲解读】非谓语动词是高考的重要考查知识点，也是必考内容之一。试卷中主要以
3、语法填空和短文改错形式进行考查，或者放在篇章中结合语境考查。主要考查热点：主要考查热点：1.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语的区别；2.不定式的完成式、进行式和被动式的用法；3.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别；4.现在分词做伴随状语、结果状语和不定式表目的和结果状语的区别；5.动名词做主语和宾语的用法；6.动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别。1）分词做定语的位置当单个过去分词做定语时，一般位于所修当单个过去分词做定语时，一般位于所修饰的名词之前，但有时为了强调动作，也饰的名词之前，但有时为了强调动作，也可放在它所修饰词的后面。可放在它所修饰词的后面。My father has
4、 a radio made in Mexico.当过去分词短语做定语时，位于被修饰当过去分词短语做定语时，位于被修饰名词的后面。名词的后面。The little girl dressed in white is Marys younger sister.Notice 一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，过去分词形式修饰人。A.被动意义：被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人 (受伤的工人受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B.完成意义完成意义a retired teache
5、r 一位退休教师一位退休教师They are cleaning (落落叶叶)in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2）使用过去分词的场合Is it a letter written in pencil?People like the Great wall built about two thousand years ago.The problems mentioned will be solved.过去分词表示的动过去分词表示的动作有时是作有时是没有一定时间没有一定时间性的。性的。过去分词短语作定语时过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被通常
6、放在被修饰的名词之后修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个它的作用相当于一个定语从句定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited(=)to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited2.Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A.to be put on B.being put on C.put on
7、D.putting on CBAA4.Please dont forget him.He is one of _.A.those invited B.invited those C.those inviting D.inviting those3.I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week.I like it very much.A.written B.writing C.was written D.to write1.Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A.to be hel
8、d B.having been held C.held D.being heldthe fallen leavesthe falling leavesthe boiled water正在正在沸腾沸腾的水的水烧开烧开过过的水的水the boiling water 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：V-ing 表动作表动作正正在进行在进行,V-ed 表动作表动作已经完成已经完成。The girl _(stand)there is my sister.He is a trecher _(love)by his studengts.standing lovedPracti
9、ce:Practice:主动被动作定语：作定语：V-ing 表主动表主动,V-ed 表被动表被动completedsolddestroyedfoundedpublished(1)The airport (complete)last month will help promote local tourism.(2)The cars (sell)at the market now are made in Guangzhou.(3)The building (destroy)by the earthquake was in ruins.(4)Tsinghua University,(found)in
10、 1911,is located in Beijing.(5)According to the research (publish)in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,people who ate more red meat had a higher chance of dying from disease.6).There was an _(excite)look on his face when the actress appeared.7).Its wrong for the _(develop)countries to contr
11、ol the world.8).I have collected the money _(need).9).This is the problem _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday.10).The _(surprise)look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.excited developed needed discussed surprisedEX 2:.用动词用动词-ed形式作定语翻译下列句子。形式作定语翻译下列句子。1.我们需要更多合格的教师我们需要更多合格的教师We need mo
12、re qualified teachers.2.这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功.The meeting attended by a lot of people was a success3.你读过莫言写得小说吗你读过莫言写得小说吗?Have you read the novels written by a lot of people.总结总结1：当单个过去分词做：当单个过去分词做_放在被放在被修饰的名词修饰的名词_,如果是分词短语做定如果是分词短语做定语，语，则放在名词则放在名词_，此时相当于一，此时相当于一个个_ 从句。从句。过去分词做定语表示过去分词做定语
13、表示_ 、_。定语定语前面前面后面后面定语定语完成完成被动被动to developdevelopingprotectingdevelopedsupported1.Many countries want to have a great chance (develop)the economy.2.China is a (develop)country (protect)all Chinese.3.The rich man comes from a (develop)country (support)by some Europaen countries.非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语与所修饰名词的
14、与所修饰名词的位置和关系位置和关系非谓语动作的含义非谓语动作的含义不定式不定式(to+V原原)名词后名词后目的目的表示动作未发生）表示动作未发生）现在分词现在分词(V-ing)名词前名词前主动主动表示表示动作已完成）动作已完成）过去分词过去分词(V-ed)名词前名词前/后后 被动被动表示动作正进行表示动作正进行)过去分词过去分词作宾补作宾补1.1.从时间上：表动作已经完成。从时间上：表动作已经完成。come,go,fall,change(表位移表位移,变化的不及物动词变化的不及物动词)I found the countryside changed a lot.2.2.从语态上从语态上:表被动表
15、被动.I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.过去分词过去分词作宾补作宾补1.1.表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词：的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(to be)doneI want the work(to be)finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room(to be)cleaned.2.2.表表“感觉，心理状态感觉，心理状态”的动词：的动词：see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find,think+object+p.p.We saw the thief caught
16、 by the police.People found the water polluted.make,get,have,keep 3.使役动词使役动词I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.=I want to get the barber to cut my hair.=I want to let the barber cut my hair.4.在在WithWith复合结复合结构构中中作作宾补宾补with,without+n.+p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without
17、 a dish touched.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behinds his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tiedD当当感官动词如：感官动词如：see,hearsee,hear等，其等，其后面所跟后面所跟的的宾补是宾语宾补是宾语主动发出主动发出的动作且是的动作且是全过程全过程时，用时，用_do1.I heard a boy _(sing)a song in the next door.2.I heard a boy _(sing)songs every nigh
18、t.3.I heard a song _(sing)in the next room.4.I saw a boy _(enter)the building.singingsingsungenterV-ed在句中可作在句中可作 _、_。定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something,everything等等或指示代词或指示代词th
19、ose时，要放在这些词的后面时，要放在这些词的后面。V-ed作宾语补足语通常用于：作宾语补足语通常用于：表示表示感观、感觉和发觉感观、感觉和发觉的动词。的动词。表示表示“致使致使、意愿、命令或者希望意愿、命令或者希望”意义的动词。意义的动词。with的复合结构的复合结构。作作定定语语作作宾宾补补1.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _(finish),he gladly accepted it.2.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He had it _(fix),becaus
20、e he doesnt know much about computers.3.I was wondering why they kept the door _(lock)for such a long time.finishedfixedExerciseslocked4.This is the first time that I have heard the poem _ (speak)in English.5.With the task_(finish),we had a happy weekend.6.Helen had to shout to make herself_(hear)ab
21、ove the sound of the music.7.I dont want the children _ out in such weather.spokenfinishedheardtaken1.我发现我的钱包被偷了。我发现我的钱包被偷了。(steal)I _ my wallet _.2.他他看见小孩们正在院子里玩看见小孩们正在院子里玩(play)found stolen 完成句子：完成句子：saw playing 3.我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。I _ _ _ _for a few times.heard the song sung4.我听见那个男孩正在房间唱
22、歌。我听见那个男孩正在房间唱歌。I _ _ _ _ in the room.heard the boy singing Last week,I served as a volunteer at a competition _(由学生会举办的)to _(提高我的交流技能)._(被邀请的裁判)were from Grade three._(所有感兴趣的同学)were allowed to attend the competition._(所有的准备工作完成),the competition went on smoothly.At last,the competition was very successful,and we were all to _(看到我们的努力被认可)by students and teachers.by the Student Unionhave my communication skills improvedThe judges invitedAll students interestedWith all preparation work donesee our effortsrecognised
