1、必修一 NATURAL DISASTERSWords and ExpressionsWords and Expressions1.DISASTERS 2.DAMAGE 3.RESCUE 4.REVIVAL5.REFLECTIONPART 1 MAN-MADE DISASTERS 对于北京国安足球队来说，那天太糟糕了对于北京国安足球队来说，那天太糟糕了 We can say that it was a disastrous day for the team Beijing Guoan.We can say that it was a disaster for the team Beijing G
2、uoandisaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害 man-made disaster 人为灾难人为灾难 disastrous a.灾难性的灾难性的 极其糟糕的极其糟糕的crash kr v.碰撞碰撞;撞击撞击;坠毁坠毁 n.撞车撞车;碰撞碰撞;坠毁坠毁 crash into.碰撞碰撞.air crash 空难空难disaster a man-made disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any man-made disasters?He survived the air crash.他在空难中幸免于难他在空难中幸免于难PART 2 NATU
3、RAL DISASTERS disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?tornado t:ned n.(-oes/-os)龙卷风龙卷风;旋风旋风typhoon tafu:n 台风台风 这次台风袭击了亚洲的很多国家。The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia.disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?hurricane hrkn:n.飓风飓风;风暴风暴 台
4、风和飓风都是热带气旋台风：发生在北太平洋西部飓风：大西洋和北太平洋东部地区disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?drought drat n.旱灾旱灾;久旱久旱 这场旱灾已经使至少两千只动物死亡。The drought has killed at least two thousand animals.disaster a natural disaster
5、自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?landslide lndslad n.(landfall)(山地或悬崖的山地或悬崖的)崩塌崩塌;滑坡滑坡这场持续十小时的大雨造成了许多滑坡。The ten-hour heavy rain caused lots of landslidesslide slad v.滑滑;滑动滑动disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?tsunami tsu:n:mi 海啸海啸disaster a natural disaster
6、 自然灾害自然灾害Do you know any natural disasters?flood fld n.洪水洪水;大量大量 v.淹没淹没;大量涌入大量涌入;使灌满水使灌满水形近词：blood n.血a flood of 大量flood into=crowd into 涌入be flooded with 挤满了.大量的学生涌入大厅，大厅里挤满了学生A flood of students flooded into the hall and the hall was flooded with students.disaster a natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害Do you
7、 know any natural disasters?volcanic eruption vlknk rpn 火山喷发火山喷发volcano vlken:n.火山火山 【pl.pl.volcanoes/volcanos】erupt rpt v.(火山火山)爆发爆发;(岩浆岩浆/烟等烟等)喷出喷出eruption n.爆发magnitude mntju:d n.(地地)震级震级;重大重大这次地震的震级是多少？What was the magnitude of the earthquake?地震按震级大小的分类情况：地震按震级大小的分类情况：弱震弱震：震级小于：震级小于3 3 级的地震。级的地震
8、。有感地震有感地震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于3 3级、小于或等于级、小于或等于中强震中强震：震级大于：震级大于5 5级级,小于小于6 6级的地震。级的地震。强震强震：震级等于或大于：震级等于或大于6 6 级的地震。级的地震。唐山地震：唐山地震：8.28.2级级(24(24万多死亡万多死亡)(1976.7.28)(1976.7.28)汶川地震：汶川地震：8 8级级(8(8万万7 7千多死亡千多死亡)(1908.5.12)(1908.5.12)智利地震：智利地震：9.59.5级级(6(6千多死亡千多死亡)(1960.5.22)(1960.5.22)智利地震是世界有记录的最大地震。智利地震是世
9、界有记录的最大地震。PART 3 DAMAGE strikestrak v.击打击打;侵袭侵袭;突击突击;打动打动 n.罢工罢工;罢课罢课;袭击袭击(struck,struck/stricken)趁热打铁Strike the iron when hot.A storm _ the city now.is striking The clock will_ two.strikestrikestrak v.侵袭侵袭;突击突击;击打，打动击打，打动 n.罢工罢工;罢课罢课;袭击袭击(struck,struck/stricken)be struck by 被被打动打动 sth strike sb=it
10、strikes sb that 某人突然想起某人突然想起 我正在读报纸的时候，突然想到一个好主意。A good idea struck me when I was reading newspaper.damage dmd v.损害损害;破坏破坏 n.损坏损坏;损失损失 do/cause damage to 对对造成损害造成损害 damage ones health 损害某人的健康损害某人的健康这次旱灾已经对庄稼造成了巨大的损害。The drought has done great damage to the crops.他的车在事故中被损害得很严重。His car was _(bad)dama
11、ged in the accident.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。As we all know,smoking will damage our health.badlydestroy dstr v.摧毁摧毁;毁灭毁灭(destroyed/destroying)destruction n.破坏destructive a.有破坏性的 这栋建筑被大火彻底摧毁了。The building was destroyed by fire.他们已经销毁了所有证据。They have destroyed all the evidence.ruin ru:n n./v.破坏破坏;毁坏毁坏 be/lie in
12、 ruins严重受损严重受损;破败不堪破败不堪In less than one minute,a large city lay .(课文原句)in ruins damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和 badly、seriously 等副词搭配 destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和 completely、entirely 等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，
13、但发型被毁（ruin）了趣味记忆crack krk:n.裂纹裂纹;裂缝裂缝 v.(使使)破裂破裂as if/though 似乎似乎;好像好像;仿佛仿佛 看起来房子要倒塌了。It looks as if the house will fall down.她往锅里打了一个鸡蛋She cracked an egg into the pan.brick brk:n.砖砖;砖块砖块metal metl:n.金属金属形近词：medal n.奖章mental a.精神上的model n.模特 v.模仿modern a.现代的;现代化的Bricks covered the ground like red au
14、tuman leaves,but no wind could blow them away.bury beri vt.埋葬埋葬;安葬安葬；使沉浸；使专心；使沉浸；使专心 埋头埋头/专心于专心于 bury oneself in sth be buried in sth 他全身心扑在工作上。He buries himself in his work.He is buried in his work.他掩面而泣。He buried his face in his hands and wept.trap trp n.险境险境;陷阱陷阱 v.使落入险境使落入险境;使陷入圈套使陷入圈套 昨晚她被困在着火的
15、房子里。She was trapped in the burning house last night.fall into a trap 落入圈套落入圈套 trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人干什么诱使某人干什么 be/become trapped in 陷入陷入;被困在被困在中中suffer sf(r)vt.遭受遭受;蒙受蒙受 vi.(因疾病因疾病/痛苦痛苦/悲伤等悲伤等)受苦受苦 suffer from.因因而痛苦而痛苦;患有患有(疾病等疾病等)suffer pains/losses/damage/defeat/hunger/cold/trouble 经历经历/遭受遭受她
16、可能患有心脏病。She is likely to suffer from heart disease.他在选举中遭受了失败。He suffered a defeat in the election.suffering n.折磨；苦难sufferer n.受难者death de n.死死;死亡死亡die:v.死亡 dead:adj.死的deadly:a.致命的dying:a.垂死的 渴望的pass away:去世这次洪涝造成了8人死亡。The flood caused eight deaths.猪也渴望自由。Pigs are dying for freedom./Pigs are dying t
17、o be set free.the dead 死者；逝者死者；逝者 (the+adj.：表示一类人：表示一类人)be dying for sth 渴望什么东西渴望什么东西 be dying to do sth 渴望干什么渴望干什么shock k v.(使使)震惊震惊 n.震惊震惊;令人震惊的事令人震惊的事;休克休克 他的突然死亡对他的家人来说是极大的震惊。His sudden death was _ great shock to his family.这个消息将震惊整个世界。The news will shock the whole world.他对这个消息感到震惊。/这个消息令人震惊。He
18、was shocked _ the news./The news is shocking.a great shock to sb 对某人来说是极大的震惊对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 处于震惊状态处于震惊状态 be shocked at/by 对对感到震惊感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊做某事很吃惊 electric shock 电休克电休克shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的aatsurvive svav vt.幸存幸存;艰难度过；比艰难度过；比.活得久活得久 vi.生存生存;存活存活survival svav()l
19、 n.生存;幸存survivor svav:n.幸存者 survive on 靠靠生存下来生存下来 survive aircrash 空难中幸免于难空难中幸免于难空难中他幸免于难不过他被困在了一个孤岛上，所以他必须靠草根生存。He survived the aircrash and was trapped in a lonely island,so he had to survive on grass roots.三天过后，他也随着他弟弟去了。He survived his brother by only 3 days.空难侵袭 击打涌入涌入destroy埋头于 in ruins damage
20、大量的大量的 对对造成损害survivor被困于被困于floodPART 4 RESCUESELF-RESCUE rescue reskju:n./v.营救营救;救援救援 come to sbs rescue=rescue sb 救援某人救援某人 rescue from 把把从从中救出来中救出来 self-rescue 自救自救 rescuer 救援人员救援人员 那个士兵把这个婴儿从洪水中救出来。The soldier rescued the baby from the flood.aid ed:n.援助援助;帮助帮助;救援物资救援物资 v.(formal)帮助帮助;援助援助 aid sb t
21、o do sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 aid sb in sth 帮助某人某事帮助某人某事 in aid of 为了帮助为了帮助 with the aid of 在在的帮助下的帮助下 first aid 急救急救他经常帮助妈妈打扫房间He often aids his mother _ the room.kit kt n.成套工具成套工具;成套设备成套设备 first aid kit 急救箱急救箱to cleancalm k:m adj.风平浪静的；风平浪静的；镇静的镇静的;沉着的；无风的；沉着的；无风的；v.使平静使平静;使镇静使镇静 keep/stay calm 保持冷静保持冷静
22、 calm.down 使镇定下来；平静下来使镇定下来；平静下来 calmness n.镇定；平静镇定；平静不论发生什么，都要保持冷静Stay calm no matter what happens.Calm yourself down whatever happens.tap tp:v.轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲;轻拍轻拍（拟声词）（拟声词）n.水龙头水龙头;轻叩轻叩;轻敲轻敲 tapwater n.自来水自来水 tap on/at.轻敲轻敲.knock on/at.敲敲.他轻轻地敲了敲办公室的门，走了进去。He _ on/at the office door gently and went in.她
23、 关闭了所有水龙头。_tappedShe turned off all the taps.pipe pap n.管子管子;管道管道 whistle wsl v.吹口哨吹口哨;发出笛声发出笛声 n.哨子哨子(声声);呼啸声呼啸声你可以敲击管子或打口哨你可以敲击管子或打口哨来寻求帮助。来寻求帮助。You can tap on the pipe or whistle to call for help.wave wev n.海浪海浪;波浪波浪;地震波、电波等地震波、电波等 v.挥手挥手;招手招手 wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别向某人挥手告别 wave at sb 向某人招手向某人
24、招手 give sb a wave 向某人招手向某人招手你可以挥动任何你可以够你可以挥动任何你可以够得到的东西来寻求帮助。得到的东西来寻求帮助。You can wave anything you can get to call for help.PART 5 RESCUE helicopter helkpt(r)n.直升机直升机deliver dlv(r)v.递送递送;传达传达;发表发表 总统将发表关于新冠疫情的演讲。The president will deliver a speech about Covid-19.deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说发表演说 deli
25、ver sth to sb 将将递送给递送给supply spla n.供应供应(量量);补给补给;pl.补给品补给品 v.供应供应;供给供给 water/power supply 水、电的供应水、电的供应 in short supply 短缺短缺 a good supply of 的充足供应的充足供应 supply sb with sth=supply sth.to sb 向某人提供某物向某人提供某物=provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb =offer sb sth=offer sth to sb我们将给穷人提供足够的食物。We will supply
26、 enough d food to poor people.句1=句2=We will provide enough food to poor people.We will provide poor people with enough food power pa(r)n.电力供应电力供应;力量力量;控制力控制力能力ability/capacity权力 职权控制力 影响力列强电量 电力供应力量 have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力具有做某事的能力 beyond ones power 力所不能及力所不能及This bettary could power an ele
27、ctric car for 600 miles on a single chargepowerful adj.强有力的shelter elt n.避难处避难处;居所居所;庇护庇护 v.保护保护;掩蔽掩蔽;躲避躲避(风风/雨雨/危险危险)shelter/protect.from.保护保护.免受免受.shelter from 躲避躲避1.Trees can shelter fields from cold wind.翻译：2.政府为受灾群众搭建临时帐篷以躲避寒冷的风雨。The government put up some temporary tents to _ _ _ cold wind and
28、 rain.树木可以保护田地不受冷风侵袭。fromshelter thememergency im:dnsi n.突发事件突发事件;紧急情况紧急情况你可以通过紧急出口疏散被困的群众。You can evacuate the trapped people through the emergency exit.emergency exit 紧急出口紧急出口evacuate vkjuet v.疏散疏散;撤出撤出;撤离撤离sweep swi:p v.打扫打扫;清扫清扫;-在系列比赛中）获得全部胜利，在系列比赛中）获得全部胜利，囊括各项冠军囊括各项冠军(swept-swept)我们每天下午都扫地。We
29、sweep the floor every afternoon.New Jersey swept Detroit last season.在上个赛季，新泽西队全胜底特律队。sweep away:消灭消灭;彻底消除彻底消除 weep v.哭泣 +s-sweep擦helicoptertap避难所避难所给.提供权利 急救 做演讲保持镇定保持镇定 whistlesweep救援某人救援某人wavePART 6 REVIVAL revive rvav:v.复活复活;(使使)苏醒苏醒revival rvavl n.振兴;复苏 形近词：revise v.修改;修订;复习经济正开始复苏。The economy
30、is beginning to revive.闲话词根闲话词根vit,viv,vig=life 生命vitamin:n.维他命,维生素vivid:a.生动的survive:v.幸存(于);比长命 sur-超过revive:v.复活 re=againvital:a.生死攸关的revive 侧重于人从接近死亡的昏迷休克的状态恢复过来。survive 指经过比较大的灾难后仍旧活了下来，侧重于“继续生存”breathe bri:v.呼吸呼吸breath bre n.呼吸 take a(deep)breath 呼吸呼吸 hold ones breath 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气
31、不接下气上气不接下气 breathless a.上气不接下气的上气不接下气的 breathlessly ad.上气不接下气地上气不接下气地 breathtaking a.美得令人窒息的美得令人窒息的被困男子感觉呼吸困难The man trapped feel it hard to breathe.PART 7 REFLECTION summary smri n.总结总结;概括概括;概要概要 In summary 总之总之The book is a summary of human knowledge。-Shakespeare;书籍是人类知识的总结summarize smraiz v.总结总结;
32、概括概括;概要概要unify ju:nfa v.统一统一;(使使)成一体成一体（侧重于使（侧重于使.统一、使一体化）统一、使一体化）新领袖希望把国家统一起来。The new leader hopes to unify the country.unite junat n.团结团结 （侧重于联合）（侧重于联合）united junatd a.联合的联合的 统一的统一的unionjunin n.联合会联合会习大大定能团结各方力量解放台湾统一祖国的。Chairman Xi will definitely unite all forces to liberate TaiWan to unify the
33、country.wisdom wzdm n.智慧智慧;才智才智wise adj.明智的;英明的wisely ad.明智地 英明地 智者总是用智慧解决问题。智者总是用智慧解决问题。A wise man always cope with the matters with wisdom.effort eft:n.努力努力;艰难的尝试艰难的尝试;尽力尽力 make efforts/an effort to do.努力做努力做 make no effort to do.没努力做没努力做 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事不遗余力做某事=make every effort
34、to do sth=do all/everyting one can to do sth.=do whatever one can to do sth.我们中国政府会不遗余力地歼灭新冠疫情。Our Chinese government will _ defeat the Covid-19 epidemic.spare no effort to/make effors to/do whatever we can to/.affect fekt v.影响影响;(疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭;感染感染;深深打动深深打动 effect n.作用，影响作用，影响 have an/no effect on/upon
35、.对对.有有/无影响无影响 be affected by 被被打动；受打动；受影响影响 affection n.感情感情;喜爱喜爱;爱情爱情;钟爱钟爱;affectionate a.充满深情的充满深情的;表示关爱的表示关爱的观众被这个感人的故事深深地打动了。The audience were deeply affected by the moving story.孩子需要疼爱和关怀Children need lots of love and affection.他对老朋友感情深1.He has a deep affection for his old friend2.He is very af
36、fectionate towards his old friend.context kntekst n.上下文上下文;语境语境;背景背景你能从上下文猜出这个词的意思吗？Can you guess the meaning of the word from the context?length le n.长长;长度长度long adj.长的lengthen:v.变长strong -strength -strengthenpercent psent:n.百分之百分之70 percent of children like playing computer games.affect联合会钟爱钟爱effect加长 使统一 明智的智慧才智智慧才智 summary长度努力努力contextTHANKTHANK YOU YOU！
