1、非谓语动词（非限定动词）非谓语动词（非限定动词）一包括动词不定式、动名词、和分词一包括动词不定式、动名词、和分词三三.非限定动词具有动词的特征非限定动词具有动词的特征.可以有自可以有自己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分作的句子成分二二.非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓 语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。He likes to sing.Th
2、ey like to sing.The man walking in front was carrying a book.The men walking in front were carrying books.非谓语动词主宾表定状宾补To dodoingDoingdone to do doing doing(分词分词)to be done being done being done to have done having done having done to have been done having been done having been doneto be doing to hav
3、e been doing 过去分词只有过去分词只有 一种形式一种形式done既既 可以表被动也可可以表被动也可以完成以完成一一.to do 的用法的用法1.作主语作主语 To talk with her is a great pleasure.To learn from others is very important.It is a great pleasure to talk with her.It is very important to learn from others.2.作 表语Her wish is to become a famous singer.Our plan is t
4、o finish the work in two weeks.3.作宾语作宾语He wishes to go abroad to have a further study.We have decided to give them a hand.4.作定语作定语I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole.Shang hai is the first city in the world to have built a highspeed maglev train.5.作状语作状语（目的结果）（目的结果）But what shoul
5、d I do to celebrate my 60th birthday?To make as much use of the land as possible,two or more crops are plantedA few years later he came home to find his home town changed.I hurried to the post office,only to find it was closed.6.作宾补作宾补What the teacher said encouraged us to try our best at our work.H
6、er wonderful career inspires many people to believe success is within reach for everyone.to do 在句中作主语、表语、宾语、在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补。定语、状语、宾补。二二.动名词的用法动名词的用法Jia did experiments and showed that planting wheat close is better.Working in a company is my wish.hosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it o
7、nce was.Making eye contact looking into someones eyes-is a way to show interest.1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语(动词动词/介词介词)I prefer watching TV and playing computer games.Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy,people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven principles
8、of Kwanzaa.The actors makes us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story.3.作表语作表语A good way of saying“I am full”is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.My job is teaching you English.4.作定语作定语Eating habits become part of who we are.They want to g
9、o to the reading room this afternoon.动名词（动名词（doing）在句中作主语、宾语、）在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。表语、定语。三三.分词的用法分词的用法 (现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词)1.作表语(具有形容词的特征）This book is very interesting.This play is very moving and instructive.The cups are broken./He is married.比较：比较：The spirit is inspiring the people all over the country.
10、His report is inspiring.2.作定语作定语Oprahwinfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.It is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African American.s there was another car coming in the other direction.We also make choices based on how the products are grown or
11、made.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.3.作状语作状语Lying on the ice,I would soon die.(时间时间)I struggled to my knees,knowing that some how I had to put my tent up for shelter.(伴随伴随)His parents died,leaving him a orphan.(结果结果)Having realized that I could use a ki
12、te to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.(分词的完成时态作时间状语分词的完成时态作时间状语).Heated,ice begins to melt.Inspired by the spirit of the hero,they worked even harder.Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping.means “I am tired,”W
13、hen asked the question,I gave a clear and exact answer.If invited,I will go to the party together with you.如果强调分词短语所表示的动作如果强调分词短语所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作同时发和主句动词所表示的动作同时发生。分词短语前用生。分词短语前用when、while。4.作宾补作宾补Other nutrients help keep our body functioning well.With the work done,we went out to play.We found th
14、e students reading outside.We found our hometown completely changed.非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式:“not+to do/doing/done”构成构成Not knowing what to do,he turned to the teacher for help.She started early so as not to be late.现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词的区别1.语态上不同语态上不同 an exciting story /an excited person a moving film /a
15、moved audience a leading cadre /an unknown hero a tiring journey /a tired football player分词在句中作表语、定语、分词在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补。2.时间关系上不同时间关系上不同developing countries/developed countriesthe changing world/the changed worldboiling water /boiled waterthe falling leaves /the fallen leaves非谓语动词主宾表定状宾补To dodoingDoi
16、ngdone注意：注意：.to do 和和 doing 作主语和表语用作主语和表语用法相同。表示法相同。表示泛指泛指意义的行为时多意义的行为时多用动名词（也可用用动名词（也可用to do）但表示但表示具体的行为具体的行为（特别是将来的（特别是将来的行为）时，必须用行为）时，必须用to do。主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应该一致。两者在形式上应该一致。Seeing is believing。/To see is to believe。His hobby is collecting stamps。Her wish is to become a singer。
17、My job is teaching=Teaching is my job。分词作表语表示特性、状态。分词作表语表示特性、状态。The story is interesting。（特性）。（特性）The news is exciting。（特性）（特性）He is interested in the story。（状态）。（状态）The cup is broken。（状态）（状态）We are learning English.（动作）（动作）The cup was broken by Tom .（动作）（动作）2.动名词动名词 作宾语时作宾语时,在意义上比较在意义上比较一般和抽象一般和抽象,
18、时时 间观念不强间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式作不指某一次动作。动词不定式作 宾语常表示宾语常表示某个具体动作。某个具体动作。He likes swimming,but he doesnt like to swim today.只能跟只能跟 to do的动词的动词want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend只能跟动名词的动词只能跟动名词的动词enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insist on、give up二者皆可无区别二者皆可无区别
19、begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有区别二者皆可但有区别stop、remember、forget、try、regret、mean3.动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别 动名词作定语时动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，既它不是该名词的动作。现上没有主谓关系，既它不是该名词的动作。现在分词作定语时在分词作定语时,则和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上则和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系有主谓关系,它是该名词的动作它是该名词的动作.a sleeping car a reading
20、roomdrinking water a swimming poola sleeping childleading comradesa dancing girlthe coming week=a car for sleeping=a room for reading=water for drinking=a pool for swimming=a child who is sleeping=Comrades who lead=a girl who is dancing=the week that is coming4.动词不定式和分词作宾补tell(ask、want、order、get、adv
21、ise、would like、persuade）+sb+to do sth五看五看三使役三使役二听二听一感一感半帮助半帮助see、watch、look、observe、noticemake、let、havehear、listenfeelhelp用动词原形作宾补用动词原形作宾补see、hear、feel、watchdo doingdoneI hear them sing a pop song in the classroom.I hear them singing a pop songI hear a pop song sung keep、leave、findhave、get+doing、don
22、e5.To do 在句中作在句中作目的目的状语或状语或结果结果状语状语 分词分词(doing/done)在句中作状语时表示在句中作状语时表示时间时间、原因、方式和伴随。有时也表结果。原因、方式和伴随。有时也表结果。When he was reading a book，he nodded from time to time._,he nodded from time=Reading a bookLooking out of the window,I saw Mary._,I saw =When I looked out ofBecause he was ill,he couldnt come h
23、ere._,he couldnt come here.=Being illBeing a party member,he is ready to do anything for the people._,he is =Because he is a party memberMany people come to theme parks,looking for thrills and entertainment.(=and they look for thrills )The teacher stood there,surrounded by the Students.=(and he was
24、surrounded by)_ from the hill,we can see the lake._ from the kill,the lake can be seen.(see)Seeing Seen The professor came in,_many students._ by many students.(follow)followingfollowedMany classes took part in the discussion,_ our class.(include)our class_.includingincludedAfter he finished his wor
25、k,he went home._,he went home._,he went home.=Finishing his work=Having finished his workIf weather permits,we will go out for a walk._,we will go outBecause he is ill,we have to do it ourselves._,we have to doAfter the meeting was over,we left the room._,we left the Weather permittingHe(being)illTh
26、e meeting over(独立主格结构独立主格结构)The professor came in with a book in his hand=a book in his hand=book in hand(独立主格结构独立主格结构)Generally speakingHonestly speakingFrankly speakingJudging fromConsidering thatDepending on独立状语独立状语Exercise Will those _ the children from abroad come to the headmasters office?A.Te
27、aching B.teach C.who teaches D.Who teaching (shanghai 2019)2.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung (beijing2000)3.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World,the Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A.weari
28、ng B.to wear C.worn D.having worn (shanghai2019)4.There are hundreds of visitors _in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.(shanghai 2019 chun)A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait5._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(shanghai2019chun)A.The president
29、will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D.The presidents attending6.Its necessary to be prepared for a job Interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.(Beijing 2019)A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having7.Victor apologized for_ to inform me of the change in the pla
30、n.(shanghai2019chun)A.his being not able B.him not to be able C.his not being able D.him to be not able8.The prize of the game show is$30000 and an all expenses _vacation to China.A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid9.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,_ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taken (shanghai2019)10._ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supplybreakdowns.(shanghai2019)A.Put B.Putting C.Having put D.Being put谢谢
