1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a Modern heroPeriod 3 Language Points1.qualityquality n.n.质量质量 （不可数不可数n.）品质；特性（品质；特性（可数可数n.）quantityquantity n.n.数量数量 a large/small quantity of a large/small quantity of large/great quantities of large/great quantities of 1).Quality is more important than quantity.2).products o
2、f good/poor quality3).She shows qualities of leadership.质量好质量好/坏坏 她表现出多种领她表现出多种领导特质导特质2.mean mean adj adj 吝啬的吝啬的 vt.意味着，意思是意味着，意思是 (mean to do sth mean doing sth)means n.方法方法eg.A car is a means of transportation.He is mean He is mean toto everyone.everyone.bebe mean to sb对某人吝啬对某人吝啬It is mean It is m
3、ean ofof you to tease her you to tease her.It is mean of sb to do sth 某某人做人做-真卑鄙真卑鄙He is mean He is mean aboutabout money money.be mean with/over/about sth 对对-很吝啬很吝啬 打算做某事打算做某事意味着意味着3.active active be active inbe active in 在在-方面很积极方面很积极 take an active part intake an active part in 积极参加积极参加-He is act
4、ive in sports.他运动上表现积极。generous generous adj adj 慷慨的 大方的 Your uncle Your uncle isis very very generousgenerous toto buy buy that car for you.that car for you.He He is generous withis generous with his money.his money.4.vt.devote.to.奉献奉献,把把-致力于致力于He devoted his life to promoting world peace.devoted a
5、dj 忠实的，深爱的忠实的，深爱的be devoted to 对对-忠实，对忠实，对-深爱深爱eg.A devoted friendA devoted friend She is devoted to her husband.介词的介词的to（后接动词（后接动词ing）devote tolook forward tostick topay attention toObject toLead todoing7.die for 为某种事业或目的而死为某种事业或目的而死 die for ones country/the people/the cause.die of 死于内因死于内因 die fro
6、m 死于外因死于外因 die from a car accident.由于车祸而死由于车祸而死 be dying for 极想得到极想得到.She is dying for a cup of water.die through carelessness 因过失而死因过失而死diedown 凋落凋落,消失消失die away 消失（渐渐远去）消失（渐渐远去）The sound died away.声音渐渐远去。声音渐渐远去。die out 绝种绝种 This kind of animal is dying out.5.found v.founded founded 建立建立 1).The PRC
7、 was founded in 1949.2).be founded on/upon eg.The story is founded on/upon facts.建立在建立在-基础上基础上 fight against/for/withThe soldiers fought bravely _ the enemy _ the liberation _ their comrades.againstforwith He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.be in prison 在狱中，被监禁在狱中，被监禁
8、He has been in prison for five years.putin prison =sendto prison =throw into prison 把把投入监狱投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison.He was sent to prison for ten years He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems v.guide指导指导 adj.guided 有指导的有指导的 adj.guiding 给予指导的给予指导的 n.guideli
9、ne 方针方针 常用搭配常用搭配：under sbs guidance 在某人的指导下在某人的指导下 guidance on sth.对对进行指导进行指导E.g.You should do it under the teachers guidance.He offered some guidance on my financial problem.思考：你还能说出几个后缀是思考：你还能说出几个后缀是-ance的词？的词？如：如：distance n.距离距离 importance n.重要重要，-ance是一个名词性后缀，使动词名词化，是一个名词性后缀，使动词名词化，而且是成为不可数名词而且是
10、成为不可数名词 He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems adj.legal 合法的合法的反反.illegal 不合法的不合法的 adv.legally 合法地合法地反反.Illegally 不合法地不合法地 n.legality 合法（性）合法（性）be out of work=lose ones job=be unemployed失业失业,没有工作没有工作His mother has been out of work for half a year.in work 有工作有工作Is her husban
11、d in work?out of 意为意为“在在之外之外”,“向向外外”;表示表示失去失去,没有没有,用完用完;不再处于某种状况。反不再处于某种状况。反义词为义词为into或或in。out of breathout of petrol out of use out of order out of control out of dangerout of sight 上气不接下气上气不接下气汽油用完了汽油用完了没用了没用了出故障了出故障了失控了失控了脱离危险了脱离危险了 看不见了看不见了out of fashion out of date out of repair out of sight,ou
12、t of mind.不时兴不时兴过时过时无法修葺无法修葺眼不见，心不烦眼不见，心不烦16.as as+主语主语+can/could 尽可能尽可能,尽量尽量=as as+possibleHe was running as fast as he could.=He was running as fast as possible.You must speak English as often as you can.=You must speak English _.as often as possibleThey did the experiment as carefully as they cou
13、ld.=They did the experiment _.Try to make as few mistakes as you can.=Try to make _.as carefully as possibleas few mistakes as possible I become hopeful about my future.v.hope希望希望.adj.hopeful有希望的有希望的 反反.Hopelessly无望的无望的 adv.Hopefully有希望地有希望地 n.hope 希望希望 搭配：搭配：1.be hopeful about sth.对对怀有希望怀有希望 2.be h
14、opeful that 3.be hopeful of doing sth.某些动词某些动词(see,find,witness等等)主语有时不主语有时不是人而是物是人而是物,即即拟人用法拟人用法,使句子生动。使句子生动。1)This old house has seen good days.2)Dusk(黄昏黄昏)found a boy crying in the street.17.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of see 在此句意为在此句意为“见证见证,目睹目睹”;(在某在某段时期段时期)发生发生(某情况某情况),
15、经历经历,经受经受。The last few months has seen more and more traffic accidents.The city has seen many changes.3)Oct 1,1949,saw/witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.vote on 投票表决投票表决 vote for/against 投票支持投票支持/反对反对Lets vote on it.Its certain that I will vote for it.He has right to vote aga
16、inst it.Well vote to decide whether to carry out the plan.vote to do sth 投票决定做某事投票决定做某事4.attack n./v.进攻，攻击，侵袭，侵害（疾病）进攻，攻击，侵袭，侵害（疾病）He made an attack on the governments actions.攻击攻击/袭击袭击/抨击抨击 The governments actions were under attack.遭到袭击遭到袭击/抨击抨击The death of the actor is due to a heart attack.心脏病突发心
17、脏病突发The enemy attacked us at night.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。only所修饰的所修饰的副词副词、介词短语介词短语或或状语从句状语从句放在句首时放在句首时,要进行部分倒装，如：要进行部分倒装，如：只有在那时候只有在那时候,我才知道自己错了。我才知道自己错了。Only then did I realize that I was wrong=I realized only then that I was wron
18、g只有用这种办法你才能解决这个问题。只有用这种办法你才能解决这个问题。Only in this way can you solve the problem.=You can solve the problem only in this way.只有当他回来时我们才能知道秘密。只有当他回来时我们才能知道秘密。Only when he came back did we know the secret=we knew the secret only when he came back.注意注意:Only主语主语在句首时在句首时,不用倒装不用倒装 Only he knows the answer.即学
19、即练即学即练1)Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them.(08重庆重庆)A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize 2)_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.(08江苏江苏)A.Only if;will you B.Only if;you will C.Unless;will you D.Unless;you will DA As a
20、matter of fact,I do not like violencebut in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.事实上我不喜欢暴力事实上我不喜欢暴力但在但在1963年年 我帮他炸了一些政府大楼我帮他炸了一些政府大楼.as a matter of fact=in fact=actually As a matter of fact,I dont know the truth.blow up A balloon expands when it is blown up.The government buildings we
21、re blown up.使充气，爆炸，炸毁使充气，爆炸，炸毁充气充气炸毁炸毁 But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是但是,我乐于帮忙我乐于帮忙,因为我知道因为我知道,这是为了这是为了帮助实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。帮助实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。equal adj.相等的相等的;平等的平等的反反.unequalequally adv.反反.unequally法律面前人人平等法律面前人人平等.Eve
22、ryone is equal under the law.be equal to 等于等于,相当于相当于;能胜任能胜任一里等于半公里。一里等于半公里。One li is equal to half a kilometer.All men are born equal.Im not equal to the job.equal v.等于等于,比得上比得上 n.相等的事物，（地位等）相同的人相等的事物，（地位等）相同的人 be without equalhave no equal 无与伦比，无比无与伦比，无比Few cars can equal this kind of cars in speed
23、.He has got into/is in trouble.We must help him.be in trouble 有麻烦，处于不幸中有麻烦，处于不幸中补充补充:make trouble 制造麻烦制造麻烦put sb.to trouble 给某人添麻烦给某人添麻烦have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难做某事有困难take trouble to do sth.费心做某事费心做某事get into trouble 陷入困境 In+抽象名词抽象名词 In danger in peace in need in control In placewilling adj 乐
24、意的，自愿的乐意的，自愿的 will n 意志，意志，意志力意志力，意愿意愿be willing to do sth 愿意做某事愿意做某事Im very willing to vote for the plan.Where there is a will,there is a way.turn to:查阅（某书），求助于，查阅（某书），求助于，找（某人寻求帮助等），找（某人寻求帮助等），变成，变成，（把）（把）转向，转向，1.He turns to the dictionary whenever he meets a new word.2.One can always turn to musi
25、c for comfort.3.She had no one to turn to for advice.4.When it freezes water turns to ice.5.Lets turn our attention to the matter at hand.escape v.逃走逃走 逃避逃避 摆脱摆脱 被遗忘被遗忘 加动名词或名词作宾语加动名词或名词作宾语None of the criminals escaped being punished.None of the criminals escaped punishment.I have met her before,but
26、 her name escapes me.escape from sp 从逃跑从逃跑Nobody can escape from here.escape from prison 越狱越狱escape from the net 漏网漏网come to/into power be in powerThe government came to power in 2004.This government has been in power for four years.have the power to do sth come into being come into use come into ef
27、fect 当权，上台（表动作）当权，上台（表动作）执政（表状态）执政（表状态）有权做某事有权做某事形成，产生形成，产生开始使用开始使用生效生效beg vt.vi.乞求，恳求，请求begged begged begging beg(for).sthThe boy begged(for)money from passers-by.beg sth from sb（向某人)恳求.beg sb to do sth 恳请某人做某事He begged his teacher to forgive him.beg to do sth 恳请做某事He begged to watch the match.rewa
28、rd n ,v 报酬，奖金，酬劳，奖赏报酬，奖金，酬劳，奖赏in reward reward sb for sthreward sb with sth He gave the boy five yuan in reward.He rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.He rewarded the boy with five yuan.作为报酬作为报酬因因-而奖赏某人而奖赏某人用用-酬劳某人酬劳某人 reward,award,prize的区别的区别The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a
29、n award.My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.set upset offset down set out to do sthset about doing sthThey set off in search of the lost child.The author set about writing a new book.建立，设立建立，设立出发，动身，使爆炸出发，动身，使爆炸记下，写下记下，写下开
30、始做某事开始做某事开始做某事开始做某事sentence n,v sentence sb to sthThe young man was sentenced to death for murder.The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.a light/heavy sentencn.2)句子句子 eg make a sence,please.判决，宣判，判刑判决，宣判，判刑判处某人判处某人-（徒刑）（徒刑）轻判轻判 /重判重判II.根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。1.这个政党是在上次选举这个政党是在上次
31、选举(election)中当中当选执政的。选执政的。(come to power)2.你真幸运逃脱了惩罚。你真幸运逃脱了惩罚。(escape)3.我们恳求老师再给我们一次机会我们恳求老师再给我们一次机会(beg)The party came to power in the last election.You were lucky enough to escape punishment/being punished.We begged the teacher for another chance/to give us another chance.4.亚当总是认为公司会因为他努力工作亚当总是认为
32、公司会因为他努力工作而奖赏他。而奖赏他。(reward)5.建立自己的公司对一个刚刚毕业的大建立自己的公司对一个刚刚毕业的大学生来说是非常难的。学生来说是非常难的。(set up)Adam always believed that the company would reward him for his hard work.It is very difficult for a university graduate to set up his own business.6.他因为偷窃汽车被判处三年监禁。他因为偷窃汽车被判处三年监禁。(sentence)He was sentenced to three years in prison for his stealing cars.
