1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 5 The power of nature . 阅读理解 A 2018 长沙一模 Evidence of violent storms that destroyed a lost town known as Britains Atlantis has been uncovered. The finds were uncovered off the coast of Dunwich, Suffolk a small village which in the 11th century was one of the largest towns in Englan
2、d. The town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea. Researchers said sediment (沉积物 ) gathered from the cliffs independently proved the historical record. “They were like the south coast storms of 2013, at least once a year for decades， ” Profess
3、or David Sear, of the University of Southampton, said. The threeyear research on Dunwich has been funded by Touching the Tide, a 900,000 Heritage Lottery Fund plan to explore the changing Suffolk coast. A diver used ultrasound (超声波 ) to “illuminate” findings on the seabed, and the marshes (沼泽 ) and
4、eroding cliffs were surveyed. “It offers a marvelous history of climate change and coastal erosion ， ” said Prof. Sear with regard to the findings. In the 11th century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents. Two great storms in 1286 and 1326 resulted in the lo
5、ss of its harbour and started its decline. Prof. Sear said analysis showed how people gave up on Dunwich after 1338, when another great storm choked up the port for good, and food production declined. “Sediment gathered from the cliffs ， ” he said, “independently confirmed the sequences of storms re
6、corded in the historical record.” The underwater research has been carried out using acoustic (声音的 ) imaging technology, and has unearthed a series of buildings. We found the ruins of about four churches and weve also found ruins of what we think was a toll house. Weve also found shipwrecks (沉船 ), w
7、hich no ones known before. A dig in 2015 discovered evidence of Dunwichs prehistoric origins, as well as evidence that it was a prosperous Saxon port, prior to its rapid growth following the Norman invasion. Bill Jenman, from Touching the Tide, said， “We foun d loads of pottery, a lot more than weve
8、 found before, sort of High Medieval the peak of the wealth of Dunwich. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 We know it was a fairly major town in the AngloSaxon period.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现了十一世纪英国最大的城镇之一 Dunwich 被猛烈的暴风雨摧毁的新证据。 1 Evidence shows that Dunwich declined in history due to_. A the rise of sea level B sedi
9、ment from the cliff C the Norman invasion D a series of storms 答案： D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea.” 可知，这个小镇是被暴风雨摧毁的。 2 What can be learned from the text about Dunwichs present condition? A It is completely below
10、 the sea. B It still exists with about 120 residents. C It is still hit by storms every year. D It is still an important port in England. 答案： B 细节理解题。根据第八段中的 “In the 11th century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents.” 可知，此地现在只有大约120 名居民。故答案为 B。 3 From the di
11、scoveries, we can conclude that _. A Dunwich was thoroughly ruined by the Norman invaders B no one believed those ships could have sunk at Dunwich C Dunwich was a prosperous town before its decline D no historical records about Dunwich were kept after 1338 答案： C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段及最后一段最后一句可推知，在衰落之前， Dunw
12、ich是一个繁荣的城镇。 B Wildfires and heat waves have been troubling the states of California and Arizona this year. Since 2010, about 6.4 million acres have been burned on average per year. Recent studies have stated that global warming is the cause of these wildfires and higher temperatures, and that the i
13、ncidence of these natural disasters is likely to increase. As temperatures increase, wildfires become more common. As this cycle progresses, climate change and wildfires both increase frequently and seriously. Forest fires are also developing at higher frequencies as a result of global warming. Fire
14、fighters use techniques like backburning to help prevent further spread of these fires, but these measures are not always effective. Some factors that promote wildfires, such as drought and insect outbreaks, have been linked to global warming as well. Insects that kill trees and other plants make th
15、e remains more sensitive to fires, as the plant matter dries out and can more easily 【 精品教育资源文库 】 be burned. Higher temperatures that result from climate change cause more water to evaporate (蒸发 ) from reservoirs and lakes, which can lead to drought. With global warming causing higher temperatures,
16、 the wildfire seasons of affected areas lengthen. This occurs because summer heat begins to build earlier in the year, and the cooling fall season is delayed. For forests in the southwest United States, the conclusion of snows melting indicates the time when fires are able to start. Climate change h
17、as caused the melting of snow to occur earlier than it did 50 years ago by about one to four weeks. The global warming trend has hit Southern California extremely hard, and the months of January through April have been hotter this year than they have been for any others in recorded history. This has
18、 also caused a drought which has been severe or worse for the entire state. Last year, drought affected only 46 percent of California. With the results from these recent studies, global warming has been linked to an environment that promotes wildfires, by creating higher temperatures and causing dro
19、ught. Californias wildfire season is juststarting, and the damages are likely to be worse as the season continues. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文主要讲述了全球变暖给地球的气候和环境带来的一系列灾难性影响。如导致干旱和虫灾，从而更易引发森林大火。 4 What does the author intend to tell in the passage? A Global warming causes high temperatures and wildfires. B Fores
20、t fires have been bringing serious threat to the earth. C High temperatures make water disappear at a high speed. D California and Arizona are faced with the extreme weather. 答案： A 推理判断题。作者在文章中主要讲述了地球变暖给加利福尼亚州和亚 利桑那州的气候环境带来的危害，其中包括气温升高、旱灾、虫灾、山火频发等。故选 A 项。 5 Why are insects connected with wildfires?
21、A Because tons of insects exist in the forests. B Because drought drives insects into the forests. C Because insects leave the trees dead and dry. D Because the bodies of insects can burn easily. 答案： C 细节理解题。依据文章第三段第二句可知，昆虫啃食树木和其他植物使之死亡，遇到高温天气时，植物的枯干部分很容易自燃，引发山火。故选 C 项。 6 We can conclude from the pa
22、ssage that _. A it is impossible to prevent wildfires from happening B the southern states in the USA will see the longest summer C it is necessary to raise awareness of fire prevention D California has done nothing to fight wildfires 【 精品教育资源文库 】 答案： C 推理判断题。依据文章后三段可知，今年野火季节延长了，且今年受影响地区1 到 4 月的温度比
23、有历史记录的任何同期温度都高，这导致了干燥炎热的天气和严重干旱。最后一段最后一句也说明，形势严峻，人们应该提高防火意识。故选 C 项。 . 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入 空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 2017 全国卷 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me._1_ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _2_ We slept in a tent, coo
