1、仪表等级飞行员 理论培训Visual,Non-precision,PrecisionVisual&Non-Precision Runway Markings Visual RunwayRunway numberCenterlineqNon-precision Instrument Runway Includes all on Visual plus:Threshold MarkingsAiming Point Markings(1000 ft)Precision Runway Markings Precision Instrument Runways Includes all on Visua
2、l&Non-precision plus:Touchdown Zone Markings 500 ft intervals for first 3000 ft or half,whichever is less Side StripesTaxiway Markings Continuous yellow centerline stripe Hold lineskeep aircraft clear of runwaysSolid line on taxiway side:Do not cross without clearance!Dashed line on runway side:“das
3、h across dashed lines”ILS Hold Lineto prevent interference of ILS signalILS critical area active when:CIG 800 visibility 3.5 3.2 3 degrees 2.8 2.5Runway End Identifier Lights(REIL)High intensity white strobe lights One on each side of runway threshold Purpose:rapid identification of approach end of
4、runway in low visibility conditionsRunway Lighting Runway Edge Lights(HIRL,MIRL,LIRL)1)White for visual 2)Amber on last 2,000 or half runway(whichever is less)for instrument Threshold LightsBi-directional inside runway edge lightsGreen:Approach end Red:Departure end Displaced Threshold LightsGreen o
5、n each side of runway,outboard from runway edgesRunway Lighting Touchdown Zone Lighting(TDZL)AIM 2-1-5(b):“Two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline”Steady-burning white lights which start 100 ft beyond threshold&extend to 3,000 ft down the runway or to the
6、 midpoint,whichever is lessRunway Lighting Runway Centerline Lights(RCLS)50 ft intervalsWhite to 3,000 remaining,then alternate red/white to 1,000 remaining,then red for last 1,000 Land and Hold Short Lights(LAHSO)Row of 5 flush mounted flashing white lights at the hold short pointTaxiway Lighting T
7、axiway Lead-off LightsFlush mounted alternating green and yellow lights at 50 feet intervalsCurved path to intersecting taxiway Taxiway Centerline LightsGreen Taxiway Edge LightsBluePilot Controlled Lighting Designed to conserve energy Key the mike:v7:high 5:medium 3:lowvRemain on 15 min after last
8、activation Details found in:AFDIAP charts legendAirport Beacon and Obstruction Lights Beacon/daylight/BCDEground visibility 3sm and/orceiling 1,000 Obstruction lights could be installed on:towersbuildingspowerlinesBright red or high intensity white lightsCould flash on and offDESCENT BELOW DH/MDA14C
9、FR 91.175(c)no pilot may operate an aircraft below the authorized MDA or continue an approach below the authorized DH unless Flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach being used and Aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to
10、a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers andRunway environment is in sightFLIGHT VISIBILITY14CFR 1.1Flight visibility means the average forward horizontal distance,from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight,at which prominent unlighted objects ma
11、y be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night.RUNWAY ENVIRONMENT at least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot:The runway or runway markings,runway lights.The threshold,t
12、hreshold markings,threshold lights.The touchdown zone,markings,touchdown zone lights.The runway end identifier lights.The visual approach slope indicator.The approach light system,except that the pilot may not descend below 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation using the approach lights as a reference unless the red terminating bars or the red side row bars are also distinctly visible and identifiable.谢谢！
