1、 三三 简单句的五种基本类型简单句的五种基本类型 1.I slept.2.I ate dishes.3.I was happy.4.Parents gave me pocket money.5.Spring festival made me fat.主主+谓谓 (Who will win the match is still unknown.I want to know what he has told you.The fact is that we have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从
2、句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）Grammar3.To find your way can
3、be a problem.2.Smoking is bad for you.1.You are a student.4.“How do you do?”is a greeting.5.What she said is not yet known.6.That we shall be late is certain.7.It is certain that we shall be late.Subject（主语）（主语）A lovely desk mate is needed by me.Who I need is lovely.主语从句主语从句定义：主语从句是在定义：主语从句是在复合句复合句中
4、充当中充当主语主语的从句，的从句，通常放在通常放在主句谓语动词之前主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语或由形式主语it代替，代替，而本身放在句子末尾。而本身放在句子末尾。主语从句的引导词：主语从句的引导词：连词连词 that,whether 连接代词连接代词 who(ever),whom(ever),which(ever),what(ever)连接副词连接副词 where,when,why,how 1）从属连词从属连词：that，whether等等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但
5、不能省略不能省略。That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.Subject ClauseSubjectFormed SubjectWhether t
6、he solid shape would last or not was not clear.Real引导引导主语从句在主语从句在句首只能用句首只能用whether,有有it作形式主语的作形式主语的whether/if都可以都可以.Conclusion:ifIf1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country.注意注
7、意:由由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡子结构平衡,避免避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用 it 作作形式形式主语主语,而把从句放在后面。而把从句放在后面。例如例如:1.That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like each other is natural._*it为形式主语为形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will
8、refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is+n.+从句从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2)It
9、 is+adj.+从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that.很可能很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural.that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should)+doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that主语从句的虚拟语气主语从句的虚拟语气表表“应该
10、，惊讶、惋惜、遗憾应该，惊讶、惋惜、遗憾”等意义等意义It is important/natural/necessary/impossible/strange that.谓语形式为谓语形式为:should+V.原形原形,should可省略可省略。eg.很奇怪，他竟没有来。很奇怪，他竟没有来。It is strange that_.我们做足够的运动很重要。我们做足够的运动很重要。重要的是我们重要的是我们应该应该做足够的运动做足够的运动 It is important that we should do enough sports.he should not come 表示表示“据建议、据要求、据
11、命令据建议、据要求、据命令”It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/commanded/insisted/required that谓语形式谓语形式:should+V.原形原形,should可省略可省略.据命令，所有乘客必须接受搜查据命令，所有乘客必须接受搜查 _all the passengers_.It was ordered that(should)be searched3)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that.碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起*_(刚好刚好)I cam
12、e into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that4)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that.据说据说 It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知 It is reported that.据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that+(should）do.建议建议It must be admit
13、ted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是*_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that 5)“无关紧要（的是）无关紧要（的是）”It doesnt matter It makes no difference 翻译：一个人
14、是否富有无关紧要 _ one is wealthy or not.It doesnt matter whetherIt makes no difference whether+主语从句：They should like each other is natural.：That they should like each other is natural.：It is natural that they should like each other.：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.：It was doubtful if Mary reall
15、y heard him.T or F questions2.连接代词连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Which student will win the first is uncertain.3)连接副词连接副词
16、when，where，how，why等。等。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.When they will set off is not decided.Where she is from is unknown.How we will paint the house has not been decided.“是否是否”“whether”“哪一个哪一个”“which”（2007年湖北卷第37题）（他是否出过国）doesnt make much difference.（he,abroad）He has been abroa
17、d Whether Whether he has been abroad(or not)看意思看意思“It be/动词动词_句子句子”结构结构 立即套用立即套用that 还原语序还原语序如果句子成立，那么使用如果句子成立，那么使用that。（2011年江苏卷26）It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy That the man hadnt reported the accident sooner was not clear.Thatthat 看从句是否缺乏东西（主
18、宾表），如果是看从句是否缺乏东西（主宾表），如果是，填，填whatwhat（事、物）或者（事、物）或者who(who(人人)(2011年湖北卷第76题)（令球迷欣喜的）was that the young player performed exteriorly well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)Delight vt.使高兴，欣喜 delight sb.Delight the fans?Delight the fans What delighted the fans 如果句子成分均已饱满，意思也完整，那么如果句子成分均已饱满，意思也完整，那
19、么考虑使用考虑使用that。_ the movie The Adventures of Tintins is to be on made me so excited.the movie is to be on That Complete the sentences using what,whether,where,when，who,why,how or that.1.(_ is needed for success)is your hard work.3.(we will go tomorrow)hasnt been decided yet.2.(they will arrive)has be
20、en told to the teacher.WhatWhen/HowWhere/whether4.(_ can join in the sport meet)is decided by the teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not)is not clear.7.(_ the earth is a solid ball)is known to us all.WhoWhetherThat6.(_ the earth is becoming warm)is a good topic for research.Why主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。主语从句作主语
21、时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:1.用用 that/whether/if/where/how/when/why/who/what/which/how much/etc.来连接主语从句来连接主语从句.Summary:Subject Clause3.引导主语从句在引导主语从句在句首只能用句首只能用whether,有有it作形式主语的作形式主语的whether/if都可以都可以.2.That 在主语从句中在主语从句中不能省略不能省略.4.有时为了使句子有时为了使句子结构平衡结构平衡,避免避免“头重脚头重脚轻轻”,常用常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语,而把从句放在后而把从句放在后面面
22、.4种句型。种句型。5.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数单数形式。形式。注意二：Whoever(无论谁)=anyone/anybody who（谁）_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 注意三：“疑问词+ever”引导主、宾、表、状语从句 “No matter+疑问词”只引导状语从句无论谁违反法律将会受到处罚_ will be punished._,he will be punishedWhoever breaks l
23、awsNo matter who breaks lawsWhoever breaks laws主语从句状语从句逗号是状语从句的标志逗号是状语从句的标志无论无论2._ they can solve the question is still unknown.A.If B.Which C.Whether D.What3._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody.A.Why B.What C.That D.Who4._ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.A.
24、There B.This C.That D.It1._ we need more practice is quite obvious.A.What B.That C.When D./Correct or not?*When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.be held hasnt been known yet.Pay attention:主语从句的谓语用主语从句的谓语用单数单数形式形式 10 the cat domade What the cat did made the baby cry.WhatcryMake a senten
25、ce301.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.2._ we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.用用whetherif填空填空whetherWhether10Translate the sentence*_(他他们很需要帮助们很需要帮助)is quite clear.That they are badly in need of help20talk aboutthe use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of
26、 cell phone.Make a sentence30*If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will.decided yet.Pay attention:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether,不能用不能用if10Translate the sentence*It is known to us_(马克马克.吐温怎样成吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家为一位伟大的作家).how Mark Twain became a great wri
27、ter20report,get the highest points,match It is reported that Yao Ming got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30 Correct or not?Pay attention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！在使用！在It is necessary important natural.that句型中，从句的谓语要用句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do 的形的形式式It is important that we should fini
28、sh.*It is important that we will finish the work on time.10 Correct or not?Pay attention:此主语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分-宾语，宾语，故用作成分的故用作成分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know is.*That she wants to know is when the party will be held.10 Correct or not?Pay attention:由由that引导的主语从句放在句引导的主语从句放在句首，首，that 不能省
29、略不能省略。That he will give up*He will give up his job surprises all of us.10Translate the sentence*_（她是否出席会议）（她是否出席会议）is not certain.Whether she will attend the meeting20It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence301.Where shall we s
30、pend the holiday isnt decided.2.Your have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that we can win.4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.we shallThat you haveIt isWhoevershould learn改错练习48 以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！谢谢大家！
