1、TEM-4Vocabulary&Grammar七、复合句中的从句（必考点）七、复合句中的从句（必考点）/七、从属分句七、从属分句 复合句复合句=主句主句+Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar从句从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句关系代词的选择、关系代词的选择、限制性和非限制性限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别定语从句的区别时间、地点、时间、地点、比较比较、原因、结果、程度、原因、结果、程度、目的、目的、条件、让步条件、让步方式方式状语从句状语从句主语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、表语从句、同位语从句同位语从句/七、从属分句：
2、定语（关系）从句七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句 有关定语从句：有关定语从句：a.定义定义：在复合句中充当定语，修饰先行词在复合句中充当定语，修饰先行词b.先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词名词或代词c.关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词，起连接作用引导定语从句的词，起连接作用 关系代词关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/that 代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分（主（主/宾宾/表语等）表语等）关系副词关系副词：when/where/why 作状语作状语定语从句结构：定语从句结构：先行词先行词+关系代关系代/副词副词+从
3、句从句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar/n Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句 限定性定限定性定语从句语从句（Defining Attributive Clauses）修饰先行词、紧修饰先行词、紧跟先行词，同先跟先行词，同先行词之间无逗号行词之间无逗号隔开隔开关系代词：关系代词：who/whom(人人)which/which（物）（物）whose(人人/物物)=(of whom/which)that(人人/物物)关系副词：关系副词：when(at/in/on
4、/during which)where(=in/at which)(condition/situation/case/Instance/circumstance)why(=for which)(先行词为先行词为reason)非限定性非限定性定语从句定语从句（Non-defining Attributive Clauses）补充说明先行词，补充说明先行词，跟在先行词后，跟在先行词后，用逗号和主句隔用逗号和主句隔开，开，修饰先行词修饰先行词或前面整个句子或前面整个句子引导词：引导词：which,who,whom,as,介词介词+which不能用不能用that/1.The party,_ I was
5、 the guest of honour,was extremely enjoyable.(06-53)A.by which B.for which C.to which D.at which 2.He is quite worn out from years of hard work.He is not the man_ he was twenty years ago.(03-52)A.which B.that C.who D.whom Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句DB/在以下情况，关系代
6、词只用在以下情况，关系代词只用thata.先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词（all/anything/everything/little/much/none/something/the one.etc）b.先行词由形容词最高级或者先行词由形容词最高级或者first/last/only/some/no/very修饰时修饰时c.先行词由两个或两个以上兼有人和物先行词由两个或两个以上兼有人和物Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句/as 用作关系代词用作关系代词,引导定语从句，主要和引导定语从句，主要和 s
7、uch连用连用 We have such grapes as you never saw.He returned with such provisions as were needed.(见第一节见第一节)but 用作关系代词用作关系代词,引导定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，先行引导定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，先行词可以是人或物，意思接近词可以是人或物，意思接近that(who)not There is no tree but bears some fruit.=There is no tree that doesnt bear any fruit.没有不结果实的树。没有不结果实的
8、树。There are very few but admire your talent.=There are very few who do not admire your talent.没人不佩服你的才华没人不佩服你的才华 Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句/e.g.Nearly all the students in my class are grateful to him because there was not a single student _learnt a lot from hi
9、m.A.that B.who C.but D.what Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句七、从属分句：定语（关系）从句C/1.时间状语从句时间状语从句 时间状语从句的引导词主要有：时间状语从句的引导词主要有：when,whenever,as,while,since,until,till,before,after,as soon as,once,directly,immediately,hardly(scarcely)when,no soonerthan a.如果位于如果位于when 引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完
10、引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或成时或”was/were about to,was/were on the point of”等结构时，等结构时，when表示突然发生表示突然发生“正在正在突然突然”或或“刚刚就就”.在这在这种情况不用种情况不用 as或者或者while代替代替when.e.g.We were about to leave when it began to rain.while(当当 时候时候)表示延续性的动作或状态表示延续性的动作或状态 as表示表示(当当 时候时候)可与可与when/while替换替换Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&G
11、rammar七、从属分句：状语从句七、从属分句：状语从句/b.(ever)since引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句要用完成时态引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句要用完成时态c.在在no soonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen从句中，从句中，主句要用主句要用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时过去完成时，从句用一般过去时,如果如果 no sooner,hardly,scarcely在在句首，主句倒装，句首，主句倒装，had放在主语前面。放在主语前面。e.g.The couple had no sooner got to the station_than_the co
12、ach left.(2009)刚到车站，车就出发了。刚到车站，车就出发了。d.the moment/the minute/immediately/directly/instantly也可引导时间状也可引导时间状语从句语从句e.需用完成时态的时间状语从句：需用完成时态的时间状语从句：by the time,it is/was the first timeI have/had/Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：状语从句七、从属分句：状语从句/2.条件状语从句条件状语从句 条件状语从句的引导词主要有：条件状语从句的引导词主要有：if/if only
13、/unless/as long as/on condition that/provided/providing/supposing/in case(见第六节见第六节 真实条件句和虚真实条件句和虚拟语气拟语气)3.原因状语从句原因状语从句 原因状语从句的引导词主要有：原因状语从句的引导词主要有：because/as/since/now that(既然既然)/seeing that/considering that/in that（因为、在于）（因为、在于）/in as/so much as(因为因为)/not thatbut that4.目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句和结果状语从句 目的
14、状语从句的引导词主要有：目的状语从句的引导词主要有：so that/in order that/lest/for fear that 结果状语从句的引导词主要有：结果状语从句的引导词主要有：so/such.that/with the result that Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：状语从句七、从属分句：状语从句/5.让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词主要有：让步状语从句的引导词主要有：much as,though,although,even if,even though,whatever,however,whoever,w
15、herever,no matter how/what/where/when/for all that/in spite of(the fact that).Etc.e.g.1 _,Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005)A.Although he is a socialist B.Even if he is a scocialist C.Being a socialist D.Since he is a socialist2 _ he wanted to go out with his friends at t
16、he weekend,he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.(2008)A.Much though B.Much as C.As much D.Though much3 _I sympathize,I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.(2001)A.As long as B.As C.While D.Even Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：状语从句七、从属分句：状语从句ABC/as/thoug
17、h 引导让步从句，要倒装引导让步从句，要倒装,强调的部分置于句首强调的部分置于句首e.g.Young as he was/Child as he was,he could speak four languages.=Young though he was/Child though he was.=Though he was young for all（that）表示让步，）表示让步，that可省略可省略=in spite of(the fact that)e.g.Which of the following italicized phrase indicates purpose?(2011)A
18、.She said it for fun,but others took her seriously.B.For all its effort,the team didnt win the match C.Linda has worked for the firm for 20 years.D.He set out for Beijing yesterday.Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：状语从句七、从属分句：状语从句A/6.比较状语从句比较状语从句 比较状语从句的引导词主要有：比较状语从句的引导词主要有：asas/not so(as)a
19、s/morethan/the morethe more/just asso/A is to B what C is to D/no.more/lessthan/not so much as(见第二节比较结构见第二节比较结构)7.方式状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句的引导词主要有：方式状语从句的引导词主要有：as/as if/as though/the way/just assoe.g.Just as water is to fish,so is air to man.Treat others the way you want to be treated.Vocabulary&GrammarVo
20、cabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：状语从句七、从属分句：状语从句/名词性从句在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或者同名词性从句在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或者同位语，语序为陈述句语序。位语，语序为陈述句语序。1.主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句a.从属连词从属连词that/whether/if只起连接作用，连接从句，不再从句中只起连接作用，连接从句，不再从句中充当句子成分。充当句子成分。b.连接代词连接代词what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)/whom(ever)既连接既连接从句，又在从句中充当从句的成分从句，又在从句中充当从句
21、的成分c.连接副词连接副词 when/where/how/why既连接从句，又在从句中作相既连接从句，又在从句中作相应的副词充当状语应的副词充当状语七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar/主语从句主语从句在句中作主语，一般放在句首，多用在句中作主语，一般放在句首，多用 it作形式主语来代替作形式主语来代替e.g.That he survived the car accident is a miracle.=It is a miracle that he.Whether he comes or not makes
22、bo difference.=It makes no difference whether he comes or not.It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped.结构：结构：It is+名词名词/形容词形容词/分词分词+连接代连接代/副词主语从句副词主语从句 what/whatever/whoever/whichever 引导主语从句，一般不用引导主语从句，一般不用 it作形作形式主语式主语Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句/Which of the followi
23、ng italicized parts is a subject clause(主语从句主语从句)?(2011)A.We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D.It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days
24、.七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&GrammarD/表语从句表语从句表语从句位于系动词之后，作复合句的表语，引导表语从句的表语从句位于系动词之后，作复合句的表语，引导表语从句的that可可以省略以省略表语从句的种类：表语从句的种类：a.由由that引导引导e.g.My point is that you may have to face the problem.b.由连接代由连接代/副词引导副词引导e.g.Thats why I came here.Thats where the battle took place.c.
25、由关系代词由关系代词what引导引导e.g.Thats what I want.七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar/宾语从句宾语从句a.由由that引导引导 e.g.I knew she was wrong.b.由由it作形式宾语作形式宾语 e.g.I found it a terrible thing that you should have talked like that.c.由连接代由连接代/副词引导副词引导e.g.She was curious to know where we had been.d
26、.由由whether/if引导引导e.g.I wonder whether you would mind doing me a favor.f.由关系代词型由关系代词型 what引导，引导，whatever/whichever/whomevere.g.Who is responsible for what has happened?(作介词宾语作介词宾语)u I will do whatever you wish.Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句/连词连词whether/if的区别的区别a.Whether可
27、以和可以和or连用连用 e.g.Whether she is coming or not is still unknown.b.Whether在介词后，引导宾语从句在介词后，引导宾语从句 e.g.It depends on whetherc.与不定式连用与不定式连用e.g.I am not sure whether to leave or stay on.七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar/同位语从句同位语从句在句中作同位语，对名词进一步解释，一般由在句中作同位语，对名词进一步解释，一般由that引导，引导，
28、that在同位在同位语从句中不能省略，也可由语从句中不能省略，也可由whether或者或者how来引导来引导e.g.I got the news that he had left last night.They put forward the question how/where we could get such a loan.常见的跟同位语从句的名词有：常见的跟同位语从句的名词有：fact/belief/opinion/hope/idea/news/rumor/problem/truth/discovery/thought/etc.同位语从句和定语从句区别：同位语从句和定语从句区别：1.同
29、位语从句是名词性从句，补充说明名词，连接词同位语从句是名词性从句，补充说明名词，连接词that只起连接只起连接作用，不作从句句子成分作用，不作从句句子成分 2.定语从句是形容词性从句，修饰先行词，代替先行词在句中充当定语从句是形容词性从句，修饰先行词，代替先行词在句中充当某个成分某个成分Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句：名词性从句七、从属分句：名词性从句/a.及物动词、介词后若出现从句，则多为名词性从句及物动词、介词后若出现从句，则多为名词性从句宾语从句，宾语从句，构成动宾、介宾结构构成动宾、介宾结构b.系动词后出现从句，则多为名词性从句系动
30、词后出现从句，则多为名词性从句表语从句，构成系表表语从句，构成系表结构结构c.不及物动词后若出现从句，则多为副词性从句不及物动词后若出现从句，则多为副词性从句各类状语从句各类状语从句d.名词、代词后若出现从句，则为形容词性从句名词、代词后若出现从句，则为形容词性从句定语从句或者定语从句或者同位语从句，这时，从句功能来判断。同位语从句，这时，从句功能来判断。七、从属分句七、从属分句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar/连词连词that和和what的区别的区别that：a.可引导定语从句可引导定语从句,代替先行词并作句子成分，使从句缺失成代替先行词并作句子成分，
31、使从句缺失成 分完整分完整 b.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用引导名词性从句，只起连接作用 what：引导名词性从句，且在从句中充当句子成分引导名词性从句，且在从句中充当句子成分e.g.1.Quality is _ counts most.(2008)A.Which B.that.C.what D.where 2.After_ seemed an endless wait,it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.(2010)A.that B.it C.what D.there 3.Men differ from animals
32、_they can think and speak.(2008)A.for which B.for that C.in that D.in which in介词后应为宾语从句，且从句成分完整，介词后应为宾语从句，且从句成分完整，in that可连接原因状语，表可连接原因状语，表示因为示因为 七、从属分句七、从属分句Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&GrammarCCC/连词连词 who和和no matter who的区别的区别 whoever：a.引导名词性从句或者状语从句引导名词性从句或者状语从句 e.g.We will treat whoever comes as
33、our friend.Whoever breaks a law deserves a fine.b.引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 e.g.Whoever comes/No matter who comes,well treat him as our friend.No matter who 指引导让步状语从句指引导让步状语从句e.g.No matter who breaks a law,he deserves a fine.Whoever breaks a law deserves a fine.Vocabulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句七、从属分
34、句/1.The government has promised to do_ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.(2004)A.however B.whichever C.whatever D.wherever 2._ the boss says,it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.(2009)A.Whatever B.whenever C.Whichever D.However Voc
35、abulary&GrammarVocabulary&Grammar七、从属分句七、从属分句CA/Drill1.I dont doubt_he can finish the task on time.A.why B.that.C.whether D.when 2.I doubt_they can swim across the river.A.why B.that.C.whether D.when 3.I doubt_he is the murderer because he is not on the scene at that moment.A.why B.that.C.whether D.
36、when 4.I have doubts_ everyone present has about_he is telling the truth.A.why,if B.that,whether C.whether,whom D.when,which5._ me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A.That amazed B.It amazed C.Which amazed D.What amazedBCBBD/6._ before
37、,his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success.A.Though having never acted B.As he had never acted C.Despite he had never acted D.In spite of his never having acted 7.Bit by bit,a child makes the necessary changes to make his language _.A.as other people B.as other peoples C.lik
38、e other people D.like other peoples 8.The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles,_ have been mentioned in previous chapters.A.A few of which B.a few of them C.a few of those D.A few of that9._ in the past,at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A.Unpopular has as white been B.white has been as unpopular C.Unpopular has been as white D.Unpopular as white has been 10.Television enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment_ A.which they are happening B.they are happening C.which they happen D.they have happenedDDADB/
