1、英语三大句子结构:英语三大句子结构:1.简单句简单句2.并列句并列句3.复合句复合句简单句简单句:S V =1 并列句:并列句:S V 2且由并列连词连接且由并列连词连接复合句:复合句:S V 2 由从属连词连接由从属连词连接并列连词:并列连词主要是用并列连词:并列连词主要是用来表示并列关系、转折关系、来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果推理关系等。选择关系、因果推理关系等。eg:and,but,or,so,both.and,as well as,neither.nor从属连词:从属连词:that,which,what,when,where,why,how,whether,if,becau
2、se,since,although,whatever,however.从句分类:从句分类:1.形容词性从句:形容词性从句:定语从句定语从句2.名词性从句:名词性从句:宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句主语从句,同位语从句3.副词性从句:副词性从句:状语从句状语从句名词性从句概念:名词性从句概念:名词性从句是在句子中起名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用名词作用的句子。的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组名词词组,它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,
3、名词性从句又可分等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。词性:词性:n.v.adj.adv.prep.prop.conj.aux.abbr.art.int.pl.成分:成分:主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 补语补语作主语的有:作主语的有:1.名词名词 eg:The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.2.代词代词 eg:I
4、got home at ten.3.非谓语动词非谓语动词 eg:Smoking is hobbit difficult to break.To do morning exercises is good for your healthy.4.名词词组名词词组 eg:This beautiful girl is my sister.5.从句从句 eg:What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present.名词词组:名词词组:限定词限定词+修饰词修饰词+主体词主体词 限定词:限定词:冠词:冠词:a,an,the 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词
5、:his,her,our,my,its 名词所有格(名词所有格(ones):):Toms 指示代词:指示代词:that,this,those,these 不定代词:不定代词:some,every,another 基数词:基数词:one,two 疑问代词:疑问代词:what,which动词动词动词动词动词动词动词(动词(大词)大词)动词分类:动词分类:1.助动词助动词 (不能单独构成谓语)不能单独构成谓语)be 动词动词:am,is,are,was,were情态动词:情态动词:can.could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must,need,dare,h
6、ad better,have to,ought to狭义助动词:狭义助动词:do,does,did完成助动词:完成助动词:have,has,had2.实义动词实义动词(行为动词,(行为动词,表具体动作)表具体动作)(1)vt.后接物体直接作宾语后接物体直接作宾语 eg:I love my mother.(2)vi.后面不可直接加宾语后面不可直接加宾语 如果非得加,后面加介词,再加宾语如果非得加,后面加介词,再加宾语 eg:I look at the man.3.系动词:表示主语是什么或怎么样,不表具体动作系动词:表示主语是什么或怎么样,不表具体动作表状态:表状态:be,stay,keep,re
7、main,lie,stand,exist表感官:表感官:feel,smell,taste,look,sound表变化:表变化:become,go,get,turn,fall表像:表像:seem,appearbe 动词又是助动词,又是系动词?动词又是助动词,又是系动词?(1)当)当be动词是助动词时,两种形式动词是助动词时,两种形式 be doing 表正在进行表正在进行 eg:He is crying.be done 表被动表被动 eg.He is killed.(2)当)当be动词是系动词时,动词是系动词时,表示状态表示状态 eg:I am a man.练习:练习:(1)He is play
8、ing football.(2)His hobby is playing football.助动词助动词 or 实义动词实义动词?(1)He did it.He did like it.He did do it.(2)I have a dream.I have finished my home work.I have had supper.系动词系动词 or 实义动词?实义动词?(1)He goes to school.The food goes bad.(2)He turns around.The leaf turns yellow.vi.or vt.?(1)The door opened.
9、He opened the door.(2)The meeting began at six.We began the meeting at six.(3)The man walked away.He walked the dog everyday.(1)It is right.What he said is right.(2)The boy under the tree is Tom.The boy who is reading a book is Tom.(3)I was doing my homework at six.I was doing my homework when he ca
10、lled me.(1)判断从句类型(判断从句类型(看主句看主句)(2)连接词在从句中作什么成分连接词在从句中作什么成分 主句完整主句完整-定语从句定语从句/状语从句状语从句/同位语从句同位语从句 主句不完整主句不完整-主语从句主语从句/宾语从句宾语从句/表语从句表语从句(3)看意思看意思判断从句类型判断从句类型1.I dont know _ you are talking about.2._ comes first will be given a gift.3.The place is _ I was born.4.Its a fact _ you are a teacher.5.footba
11、ll is a game _ is liked by most boys.6.Although he is a child,he knows a lot.定义:在复合句中担任宾语成分的句子。定义:在复合句中担任宾语成分的句子。连接代词:作主连接代词:作主/宾宾/表表what,which,who,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever连接副词:作状语连接副词:作状语when,where,why,howwhenever,wherever,however,whether 连接形容词:作定语连接形容词:作定语what,which,whosewhatever,w
12、hichever,whosever狭义连接词狭义连接词:不作成分不作成分that其他:其他:if,because,before,after,as定语从句关系词一览表定语从句关系词一览表限定性:限定性:非限定性:非限定性:关系代词:关系代词:that,which which,who,who,whom whom,as as关系副词:关系副词:when,where when,where why,介词介词+which 介词介词+which关系形容词:关系形容词:whose whose of which of which of whom of whom宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省
13、有时又不可省,在以有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中下几种情况中that不能省略:不能省略:、当、当that宾语从句中间有插入词语宾语从句中间有插入词语,that不可省不可省 He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understand what he had said.当当that 从句有并列从句时,从句有并列从句时,that不能省;不能省;Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.当多个当多个that从句作并列宾语时从句作并列宾语时,前面从句的前面从句的that可省
14、可不省可省可不省,但最后一个但最后一个that不可以省不可以省He knows(that)his English teacher is from England and that she has two children.当当that作介词宾语时,作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。不可省掉。如:如:The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do1.I am afraid _ Ive made a mistake.恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。2.He said(that)you were too young
15、 to understand the matter and _ you were asked not to care about it.他说你太年轻,还无法理解这件事情,你也不要去管它。他说你太年轻,还无法理解这件事情,你也不要去管它。thatthat2)whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句whether或或if引导宾语从句时,在句中引导宾语从句时,在句中不充当成分不充当成分,但,但是含是含“是否是否”之意,从句要用之意,从句要用陈述语序陈述语序。I wonder whether/if well finish the task on time.我不知道我们能否按时完成这项任务。我
16、不知道我们能否按时完成这项任务。Ill see whether/if I can advise him to accept it.我要看看我是否能劝他接受。我要看看我是否能劝他接受。用用whether而不用而不用if引导宾语从句的情况:引导宾语从句的情况:作介词的宾语时,只能用作介词的宾语时,只能用whether;与与or或或or not连用时只能用连用时只能用whether;用于用于Theres some doubt whether.句型中;句型中;少数动词如:少数动词如:leave,put,discuss,doubt等后的宾语从句常等后的宾语从句常用用whetherWe are talki
17、ng about _ we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生们加入我们的俱乐部。我们正在讨论是否让学生们加入我们的俱乐部。I want to know _ its good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。我想知道是否是好消息。We discussed _ we should use the money to buy a new house.我们讨论了是否该用这笔钱来买套新房子。我们讨论了是否该用这笔钱来买套新房子。There is some doubt _ he will come in time.他是否能及时赶到值得怀疑。他是否
18、能及时赶到值得怀疑。whetherwhetherwhetherwhether(3)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever和连接副词和连接副词when,where,how,why。这些连。这些连接词都有词义,除引导从句外,接词都有词义,除引导从句外,还在从句中充当一定的成分还在从句中充当一定的成分,可,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这种宾语从句有疑问意义,作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这种宾语从句有疑问意义,但不是疑问句,
19、但不是疑问句,不能用疑问语序,而要用陈述语序不能用疑问语序,而要用陈述语序。统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样把工作做好。她总是在想怎样把工作做好。(how作作_)She gave up what she was doing.她放弃了她正在做的事情。她放弃了她正在做的事情。(what作作_)Do you know who has won the first p
20、lace?你知道是谁赢得了第一名吗?你知道是谁赢得了第一名吗?(who作作_)Do you know when the meeting will begin?你知道什么时候开会吗?你知道什么时候开会吗?(when作作_)Can I speak to whoever is in charge of this project?我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗?我能和负责这个项目的人谈谈吗?(whoever作作_)状语状语宾语宾语主语主语状语状语主语主语统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页
21、PPT)人教版部编版what和和which引导宾语从句的区别引导宾语从句的区别what意为意为“什么什么”,所涉及之物无范围,所涉及之物无范围which 意为意为“哪一个哪一个”,所涉及之物有范围,所涉及之物有范围They wanted to see which shop would offer the best service.(他们要看好几家商店他们要看好几家商店)他们想看看哪家商店提供的服务最好。他们想看看哪家商店提供的服务最好。They wanted to see what shop he opened last week.(他们想知道他所开的那个商他们想知道他所开的那个商店的类型店的
22、类型)他们想看看他上一周开的是什么商店。他们想看看他上一周开的是什么商店。统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版(1)it作形式宾语作形式宾语当某些动词后的宾语从句之后有宾语补足语当某些动词后的宾语从句之后有宾语补足语(通常是形容词或名词通常是形容词或名词)时,通常以时,通常以it代替代替that宾语从句作形式宾语,宾语从句作形式宾语,这时这时that不可省略。常见的这类动词有不可省略。常见的这类动词有find,think,consider,take,feel等
23、。等。I it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.我们发现我们按时完成工作有困难。我们发现我们按时完成工作有困难。统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版名师点津名师点津在在like,enjoy,love,h
24、ate 等表等表“喜怒哀乐喜怒哀乐”的动词或一些特殊动的动词或一些特殊动词词(短语短语)如如take,depend on,rely on,see to等后若要跟宾语从句,需等后若要跟宾语从句,需先跟形式宾语先跟形式宾语 it,再接宾语从句。,再接宾语从句。I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。You may depend on it that they will support you.你相信好了,他们会支持你的。你相信好了,他们会支持你的。统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT
25、课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版(2)宾语从句的宾语从句的否定转移否定转移当主句的主语是当主句的主语是第一人称第一人称,谓语动词是谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等表示等表示“认为、相信、猜测认为、相信、猜测”等意义的动词,等意义的动词,其后接宾语从句时,若从句表示否定意义,则常把否定词其后接宾语从句时,若从句表示否定意义,则常把否定词not转移到主转移到主句谓语部分。句谓语部分。I dont think(that)he is inte
26、rested in that thing.我认为他对那件事不感兴趣。我认为他对那件事不感兴趣。I dont believe she has finished the homework,has she?我想她还没有写完作业,是吗?我想她还没有写完作业,是吗?统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版(3)宾语从句的虚拟语气宾语从句的虚拟语气表示表示“建议、命令、要求、决定、主张建议、命令、要求、决定、主张”等动词后的宾语从句要等动词后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气,即使用虚
27、拟语气,即“should动词原形动词原形”,其中,其中should可以可以省略。这类动词主要有省略。这类动词主要有insist,order,demand等。等。He insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版用虚拟语气的动词口诀:用虚拟语气的动词口诀:“一二三四一二三四”一个坚持
28、一个坚持(insist);两个命令两个命令(order,command);三条建议三条建议(advise,suggest,recommend);四项要求四项要求(demand,desire,require,request)。统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版注意事项(二)注意事项(二)从句时态从句时态 主句时态主句时态现在时现在时/将来时将来时相应任何时态相应任何时态过去时过去时相应过去任何时态相应过去任何时态统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点
29、宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时时。The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me where we should meet.统编版优秀公开课课
30、件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空(2017北京高考改编北京高考改编)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing _ she was heading.We are discussing _ we shall do to help the poor.Journal writers write about their travels in _ i
31、s called a travel journal.I wonder _ you are getting on with your studies.Can you help to find out _ wallet it is?I dont know _ hell arrive in time.wherewhatwhathowwhosewhether/if统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版I worry about _ I hurt her feelings.He insisted that the meeting _(put)off.I like _ that everyone passed the exam.whether(should)be putit统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版THANK YOU统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版统编版优秀公开课课件下载PPT课件高考必考语言点宾语从句(共43页PPT)人教版部编版