1、专题二完形填空专题二完形填空第第1课时记叙文类完形填空课时记叙文类完形填空怎么考1.记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等。2.文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词、代词等，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。怎么学在平时的阅读训练中，注意掌握高频词汇的用法、习惯搭配、长难句的理解能力，抓关键词的能力等，更要学会积累一些文化常识、历史背景知识等。怎么解重视首尾句，把握开篇，速读全文，掌握大意；理清人物事件，把握作者态度；理顺事件的发生、发展和结局。策略一破解完形填
2、空三原则一、上览下索细寻信息完形填空的设题特点就是在对上下语境的理解基础上设题考查学生的语言运用能力，因此答案信息点有的在设空前，有的在设空后，有的在前文，有的在后文，甚至前后都出现，故需综合地上览下索来印证信息点，有时，甚至要根据上下文提供的信息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可以得出正确答案。【典例剖析】1.(2016全国卷)One more look and he noticed_45_shooting out from under the 46(disabled)vehicle.Larry pulled over，set the brake and 47(got hold of)th
3、e fire extinguisher(灭火器).Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.45.A.flames B.smoke C.water D.steam答案A根据下文中的“the fire extinguisher(灭火器)”和本段最后一句中的“the fire was put out”可以推断有火焰(flames)从车里冒出来。2.(2015全国卷)This led to some_26_ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 27
4、(better)trained.Through the first two games，her 28(team)did not get one serious shot on goal.26.A.painful B.strange C.common D.practical答案A结合上下文可知，她们周末对抗的球队是一些受过更好训练的强队，因此这给她们带来的肯定是一些痛苦的(painful)经历。strange奇怪的；common普通的；practical实际的。3.(2015江苏卷)Im an ambitious _40_，and when I started going through che
5、mo(化疗)，even though Im a very 41(positive)person，I lost my drive to write.40.A.reader B.writer C.editor D.doctor答案B联系后文中的“I lost my drive to write(我失去了写作的动力)”可知，作者是一名作家。4.(2014辽宁卷)It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife，Eleanor.We had _1_ to
6、 meet at the restaurant at seven oclock.I felt a little uneasy，but to my _2_，I had a good excuse：A business meeting had _3_ and Id wasted no time getting to the dinner.When I arrived at the _4_，I apologized and told Eleanor I didnt mean to be late.She screamed，“You never mean to.”Well，I _5_ tell she
7、 was angry.“Im sorry but it was not _6_，”I said.Then I told her about the business meeting._7_，my explanation seemed to make things worse，which started to drive _8_ mad as well.【语篇解读】本文论述了作者自己迟到引起妻子的不满与误解，后来接受朋友的建议，确实改善了两人的关系。1.A.startedB.agreedC.ContinuedD.managed答案B前文讲与妻子约好吃饭，所以同意在餐馆见面，故选B项，为上下文推断
8、的直接信息。2.A.reliefB.surpriseC.regretD.sorrow答案A下文后一句“I had a good excuse”可以推断出作者找到理由，故才“放松、安慰”，为间接信息，故选A项。3.A.broken outB.closed downC.faded awayD.run over答案D既然作者迟到，找的理由应是会议“超时”，故选D项，为间接推断出的信息。4.A.houseB.roomC.restaurantD.supermarket答案C根据上文直接信息“.to meet at the restaurant”可推断第4题间接信息“饭店”，故选C项。5.A.couldB
9、.mustC.willD.might答案A根据上文“She screamed，.”，下文“Im sorry.”下文“my explanation seemed to make things worse，.”可以推断出间接信息，“我”能看出她生气了。故选A项。6.A.movableB.comfortable C.acceptableD.avoidable答案D“很抱歉，但这无法避免。”根据下文信息“更糟糕”，推断而来，故选D项。7.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise答案A句子前后为转折关系，故选A项。8.A.herB.himC.meD.them答案
10、C由下文as well可知“我也生气了”，可推出间接信息。故选C项。点拨首句或首段往往内含许多信息，像主题句、文章主旨、文章的体裁类型等，因此，做题时考生应该把首句作为突破口，推测作者的意向，判断整篇文章的写作思想、内容、线索等，在掌握语篇大意的基础上对每一处细节设空进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。二、左顾右盼找寻搭配做题时，不能仅盯住空格或空格所在的一个句子上，一定要左顾右盼，弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。【典例剖析】1.(2015陕西卷)I would excitedly turn the tap_29_and brush the comb carefully.29.A.out B.over C.
11、in D.on答案D清洗梳子当然要打开水龙头。turn on打开，符合语境。2.(2015江苏卷)The stories of his unconventional 36(ideas)and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37(amazing)to me and had such a big _38_ on how I saw life from then on.38.A.strike B.push C.challenge D.impact答案D由并列连词and可知空格处所在部分应该和“令人惊叹”意义一致，即“对我如何看待人生产
12、生了很大的影响”。have an impact on对有影响，是固定短语。3.(2014辽宁卷).Several weeks later，when I _9_ the situation to my friend Ken Hardy，he smiled，“You _10_ a classic mistake.Youre stuck _11_ your own way of thinking.You didnt _12_ to be late.But thats not the point.What is _13_ in your communication is how your latene
13、ss affected Eleanor.”He pointed out that I focused on the intention _14_ Eleanor focused on the result.Thus，_15_ of us felt misunderstood and crazy.9.A.spread B.wrote C.translated D.described 答案D据上下文信息“我向我的朋友描述这种情形时”，选D项。10.A.knew B.made C.found D.took答案B“make a mistake”，“犯错”为常用的习惯搭配，是固定短语，故选B项。11.A
14、.in B.beyond C.for D.against答案A“你陷入了你自己的思维圈子。”be stuck in“被困住”，是常用的习惯搭配，故选A项。12.A.need B.prove C.pretend D.intend答案Dintend to do“打算做某事”为常用的句式搭配，故选D项。13.A.funny B.important C.possible D.simple答案B14.A.while B.after C.until D.unless答案A根据上下文逻辑关系，前后形成对比，故用while“而”，也是句式的搭配关系，故选A项。15.A.all B.none C.both D.
15、neither答案C我们两人都(both)感到被误解了并很生气。故选C项。点拨固定搭配题是完形填空中难度稍低的一类题，考生在做这类题时，如果遇到自己熟知的或已掌握的固定搭配应快速得出答案，从而为其他类题型，如辨析型、推理型等留出更为充裕的思考时间，从而提高完形填空的做题效率。一些考生都很熟悉的固定搭配，高考在设题时为了提高难度，常常把这些固定搭配变为被动形式或者拆开进行考查。做此类题目时，关键就是将固定搭配还原。牢记常见的固定搭配，尤其是其中心词，只要在文中出现中心词就先联想其所对应的常见搭配，可以很快得出答案。(1)当选项中的词表示相近的含义时，就要考虑从搭配的角度解题。要特别注意空格所在句
16、子的主语，空格前后出现的名词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、双宾语等，快速排除不能搭配的选项。(2)有些固定搭配的构成形式相近，但含义不同，为了强化记忆，可以以名词、动词或介词等为中心词进行比较。如将结构相似的短语联系起来记忆，in a minute/sense/word/hurry(立即/在某种意义上/总之/匆忙)。三、思前顾后通读全文逻辑指作者的行文方式，主要包括并列关系、转折关系、条件关系、因果关系、递进关系、让步关系等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显；有的隐含在句与句之间，关系比较隐晦。考生应该根据前后信息进行思考，拨开迷雾，准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系。【典例剖析】(201
17、4陕西卷)It was Mothers Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my five-year-old son，Tenyson.As we were _1_，we realized that only minutes earlier an _2_ woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground._3_ was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was emb
18、arrassed and clearly in shock._4_ a lot of people stopped to help out._5_ we were walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very _6_ about what had happened to the elderly couple.By now medical staff had arrived，and were _15_ the injured woman.We gave the flower to the womans husband and I told him i
19、t was _16_ my son.【语篇解读】本文讲述作者五岁的儿子看到一位老太太摔倒，他认为应该安慰一下她，因此给她买了一束鲜花。儿子的仁爱举动得到了大家的赞赏。1.A.leaving B.drivingC.moving D.stopping答案A根据前文的shopping可知，作者买完东西正要离开。故选A项。2.A.injuredB.awkwardC.honest D.elderly 答案D根据文章第二段第6空后的the elderly couple可知，这是一位上了年纪的(elderly)女士，故选D项。3.A.Her husband B.My son C.The crowd D.Th
20、e seller答案A根据下文第16空前的the womans husband可知，老太太的丈夫(Her husband)守在旁边。故选A项。4.A.Specifically B.Particularly C.Interestingly D.Fortunately答案D根据句意，许多人停下来帮助他们，显然这是很幸运的，故fortunately“幸运地”，符合文意。选项中specifically“特定地，专门地”；particularly“特别地”；interestingly“有趣地”，均不符合文章的意思。5.A.If B.Since C.WhileD.Unless答案C根据句意，当我们走向这个
21、事故现场时，我的儿子Tenyson对这对老夫妇所发生的事情变得很担心。在时间状语从句中，表示“当时候”，同时从句中使用进行时，要用while引导从句。6.A.guilty B.curious C.angry D.worried答案D根据句意，表示“对担心”，要用be worried about。而guilty“有罪的，内疚的”；curious“好奇的”；angry“愤怒的”，均不符合语境。15.A.checking with B.looking after C.operating on D.praying for答案B根据句意，此时有医务人员在照顾(look after)着那位受伤的老妇人。c
22、heck with“跟相符合，跟联系”；operate on“给做手术”；pray for“为祈祷”，均不符合语境。16.A.from B.to C.with D.about答案A根据句意，表示“来自我的儿子”，另外下文的“who it was from”也是暗示。故要用介词from。点拨有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入空格中都不错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中讲得通，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。有时，还要考虑作者的主旨，主人翁的思想等，总之，要通读全文后，认真推敲选出最佳选择。谢谢谢谢2023-1-23
