1、新托福考试听力理解聂晋阳新托福听力基本信息托福听力考试形式考试特殊性补充说明托福听力考试形式1 Conversation+2 Lecture=1 Section（10min）Conversation校园生活（5题）Lecture学科讲座（6题）2 Sections(OR 3 Sections)特殊性补充先听后做集中精力，听清层次，预知考点合理笔记过河卒听力强度分析考试干扰分数（28/24-2624/17-22）托福听力分析听力题型：单选题多选题部分重听排序表格ETS对考生三项要求听力低分原因发音规律不熟悉词汇量不足快语速听力题型单选题听力题型多选题听力题型部分重听听力题型排序题听力解析表格听力
2、能力三项要求Basic Comprehension(70%)Gist+DetailsPragmatic Understanding(20%)Function+StanceConnective Information(10%)Summarization+Categorization听力低分原因发音规律不熟悉卷舌come over;source;course音变a:-class;forecast;ratherhypothesis;chocolate;Scotland连读lots of friendscome up withcome on inkeep in mindtell himstay up听
3、力低分原因词汇量不足阅读：看到认识即可新托福词汇精选集中记忆，大量重复听力：语音识别力眼睛耳朵都要熟悉听力低分原因不能适应快语速数字概念VOA Standard English:200VOA Special English:100托福听力语速:150如何适应跟读，模仿耳朵比嘴巴快电影，美剧，TEDFriends（对话较多）提高听力基础能力听写是提高听力基础能力的重要途径因为很痛苦2个月听力存储力，瞬间理解力方法沪江网站自己听写听写材料：TPO/老托福Part B,C/美国科学 60s总体听一遍之后，听一句写一句如果不行，给自己三次机会最终check提高听力基础能力具体操作比对纠错（红色=漏听+
4、错听，蓝色=拼错，绿色=生词）大量反复跟读听写实例 But as I was about to say,theres more to the story.The tundra is windy,and the snow is blown across the tun(tundra),its caught by shru shrubs.And deep snow drifts often form around shrubs.And weve already mentioned the insuloting(insulating)effect of snow.So that extra warm
5、th means even more macrobial(microbial)activity,which means even more food for the shrubs,which means even more shrubs and more snow around etc.Its a circle,a lp(loop).And because of this lp（loop),which is promoted by warmer temperatures in winter and spring,well,it looks like the tundra may be turn
6、ing into shr(shurb)land.长对话考试范围出题原则问题分析对话考点长对话考试范围Office Hour(学生 VS 教授)作业Assignment论文Paper实习Internship课程CourseService Encounter(学生 VS 职员)图书管理员Librarian注册员Register学习顾问Advisor行政人员Administrator长对话出题原则掐头去尾开头30s，听对话目的结尾30s，单结尾题长对话出题原则大段独白当某人连续3-5句独白处多出题独白多为解释说明建议及意见教师和职员提出的建议和意见常在对话后方出现对话纠结处态度题/解决方案特殊语气处
7、长对话问题分析学生有什么问题问老师/工作人员（长对话主旨）长对话主旨句型I have a problem/issueI was wonderingI cant seem to able toI was hoping that I couldIf only I couldI want to talk with you about学生找老师/工作人员的目的才是对话主旨长对话问题分析老师建议细节题Couldnt/Shouldnt/Wouldnt you?How/What about?Why not/dont？I usually/often/always I suggest Youd better 长
8、对话问题分析学生对于建议的态度肯定系列FascinatingCatchingInstructiveStimulatingThought-provoking否定系列I am overwhelmed/swamped byI am tied up with长对话问题分析结尾原则建议/为什么建议附加考点工作人员对该场所政策，规定方面的介绍L:Actually,you need to return it today.That is if you want to check out those books today.Thats our policy.S:Oh,I didnt know that.L:Ye
9、ah,not a lot of people realize that.In fact,every semester we get a few students who have their borrowing privileges suspended completely because they havent returned books.Theyre allowed to use books only in the library.Theyre not allowed to check anything out because of unreturned books.S:Thats no
10、t good.I guess I should hand back onto the dorm right now then.长对话对话考点对话逻辑层次长对话是有层次的注意总结过度句长对话的主旨是主动发起对话者想解决的问题细节题考察的是重要细节注意言外之意和态度对语气词总结，升降调的把握（老师和学生）长对话补充什么叫做重要细节为了保证所有人都能知道考点所在提示提示性：I think./The problem is.（解释说明）状语型：As./In the end./From what I read.（归纳总结）连词型：So./Therefore./But./However.（多重功能）强调型：
11、It isthat/so that（强调要点）Really?/Oh my god（态度）长对话范例1.why does the man go to see the professor To hand in a late assignment To find out about jobs in the department To discuss Dean Adams current research To volunteer to help organize an event长对话范例2.how did the man learn about Dean Adams retirement?He r
12、ead about it in an e-mail message It was posted on a bulletin board He heard other students discussing it Dean Adams announced it in her class长对话范例3.why does the professor refuse the mans offer to help with a party?Click on 2 answersTwo people are already working on itShe prefers that he spend his t
13、ime on another projectThe party does not require much preparationDean Adams is not permanently leaving the department长对话范例听力中的数字概念a couple of两个decade十年dozen一打，十二个fortnight两周decimal十进制的，小数长对话范例4.why does the professor talk about speciation?To describe the main focus of the work she needs help withTo
14、tell the man about a new research area in ethnologyTo explain what Dean Adams chose to work on in IndonesiaTo demonstrate how varied Dean Adams research has been长对话范例5.why does the professor say this()To express doubt about the mans qualifications for the projectTo ask the man if he would be willing
15、 to work on the projectTo ask the man to recommend someone for the projectTo apologize for not being able to offer the project to the man长演讲考试范围出题原则问题分析演讲考点分类讲解长演讲考试范围考试范围OG版本艺术类Art生命科学类Life Science自然科学Physical Science社会科学Social Science整理版生命科学：动物，植物，生态，人体基因等自然科学：地质，环境科学，海洋，气象，火山等艺术类：音乐，建筑，雕塑，绘画，电影等历
16、史类：发明发展史，艺术史，美国史，著名历史事件其他：语言学，人类学长演讲出题原则只考重要信息，不考琐碎信息大家都认可的重要信息重要信息的集中体现Lecture非一盘散沙，要听清层次一个层次的开始及结束（预测考题内容）考点间的切换（不漏题，排除错误选项）一篇文章45个层次Lecture重必要科学词汇&轻生僻学科知识长演讲出题原则出题原则和正确选项原则顺序原则先听先考，后听后考多选题以最后一个听到的选项为准选项原则看每个选项时，要在心中默默翻译给自己听，要一句一句翻译，放慢做题速度，选定一个选项后再要闻自己是否听到此细节救命技巧选择和主题一致的选项相似相反原则相同位置相同单词（3个以上）正确答案其
17、中之一长演讲问题分析主旨题主旨句直接引出（最常见）Today,we are going to talk about Id like to begin my lecture by introducing Lets focus on/Lets now take a look at Today,well center on 问答式提出（较常见）全篇大意推导（少，抓重复概念）主要难点：如果开头没有主题句，则需要总结全篇内容注意全篇重复的词汇、概念；结尾段的观点/总结性内容长演讲问题分析在选择主旨题答案时需要注意的问题要注意选择概括性的答案Topic选项也可能是整句也可能为名词性结构，而若为名词性结构多
18、会包含一些带summary含义的词History,Development,Background information,Origin,Features,Characteristics,Invention等典型结构：the+信号词+介词+sth.慎选比较概念的答案尽量根据讲座开头内容做出选择长演讲问题分析细节题数字/时间原因，结果，让步转折细节强调语义强调比较强调举例强调问答原则解释原则引用的观点长演讲问题分析态度题对于纠结处的态度重听题主考态度和功能态度分为正面，负面，中立功能分为解释说明，纠正错误等长演讲演讲考点演讲的结构听清演讲的结构Steps&SequencesAbstract cate
19、gorizing&Specific examplesCause&Effect explanationComparing&Contrasting长演讲演讲考点Steps&Sequences形式：序数词，具体年代（排序题出题位置）In the first place/To begin with/To start withFirstly/Secondly/Then/NextFinally/Eventually长演讲演讲考点Abstracting categorizing&Specific examples抓分类关键句Let me introduce/mention in 3 points is di
20、vided into is for several factors/reasons/hypothesis There are several factors/reasons to explain.长演讲演讲考点Abstracting categorizing&Specific examples抓4分论点Sub-topic（前后有停顿，重读，图片）这理论/事物叫什么？Definitions&Descriptions（笔记记录n.&a.即可）对于理论/事物的解释Examples（例子后的总结性内容一定要把握）例子的对象，例子的说明Key Points强调句型的出现This is the first
21、 time./It is that 引用的观点长演讲演讲考点并不是所有提示后都有潜在考点所有考点前面都有提示单一具体信息（有具体事物）多重信息表达同一主题抓取新的单一具体信息长演讲演讲考点6.What is the lecture mainly about?A.Methods of observing unusual animal behavior.B.A theory about ways birds attract mates.C.Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.D.Criteria for classifying
22、 animal behaviors.长演讲分类讲解生物类单词汇总：分类生物进化（Evolution）无脊椎动物 Invertebrate脊椎动物Vertebrate鱼类 Fish两栖动物 Amphibian爬行类 Reptile鸟类 Bird哺乳动物 Mammal植物学Botany微生物Microbiology长演讲分类讲解无脊椎动物 Invertebrate原生动物Protozoa腔肠动物Coelenterate扁形动物Platyhelminthes环节动物Annelida/Annulata软体动物Mollusk节肢动物Anthropod长演讲分类讲解脊椎动物 Vertebrate鱼类Fis
23、h浮游生物 Plankton 水母 Jellyfish珊瑚 Coral两栖类 Amphibian青蛙 Frog蝾螈 Salamander爬行类 Reptile蜥蜴 Lizard恐龙 Dinosaur 鳄鱼 Crocodile哺乳类 Mammal啮齿类 Rodent灵长类 Primate海狸 Beaver鸟类 Bird鸟类学 Ornithology秃鹫 Vulture猫头鹰 Owl长演讲分类讲解植物学 Botany植物组成 Compositions茎 Stem树冠层 Canopy花粉 Pollen果壳 Shell现象 Phenomenon光合作用 Photosynthesis传授花粉 Polli
24、nate共生 Symbiotic寄生 Parasitism植物名称 Name菊花 Chrysanthemum玉米 Corn榆树 Elm兰花 Orchid长演讲分类讲解微生物 Microorganism学科 Subject微生物学 Microbiology遗传学 Genetics寄生虫学 Parasitology物种学 Speciology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞质 Cytoplasm细胞膜 Membranes遗传 Inheritance/Heredity基因 Gene核酸 Amino acid蛋白质 Protein其他 ETC细菌 Bacteria真菌 Fungus病毒 Vir
25、us毒素 Toxin抗体 Antibody免疫 Immunity长演讲分类讲解常用词组 Phrase消化系统 Digestive system 排泄系统 Excretory system生殖系统 Reproductive system循环系统 Circulatory system呼吸系统 Respiratory system内分泌系统 Hormonal system动物适应性 Animal adaptation适者生存 Survival of the fittest物种起源 Origin of species长演讲分类讲解生物类：什么生物/生物现象/关键词解释（有图片）有什么显著特点/工作原理
26、对其调查研究以及教授对此的评价该生物的影响和作用长演讲分类讲解生物类：重点提示：转折强调原因解释对话举例引用结构：分类结构对比结构长演讲分类讲解What is the main purpose of the lecture?A.To compare active habitat selection with passive habitat selectionB.To show that most habitat preferences in animals are learnedC.To compare the habitat requirements of several bird spec
27、iesD.To examine the consequences of habitat selection by animals长演讲分类讲解What element of the plovers habitat in California was threatened?A.The availability of foodB.The availability of waterC.The safety of nests from human activityD.The protection of nests from predatory birds长演讲分类讲解What does the pro
28、fessor illustrate with the example of the blue warbler?A.The relationship between human activity and habitat lossB.The relationship between habitat and reproductive successC.The advantages of habitats with low vegetation densityD.The reproductive advantage that young warblers have over older warbler
29、s长演讲分类讲解Why does the professor mention the population density of blackcaps in two different habitats?A.To explain the similar reproductive rates in the two habitatsB.To explain the relation between a species population density and its nesting behaviorC.To illustrate the advantages of a preferred hab
30、itat over a secondary habitatD.To illustrate the possible impact of making a poor habitat selection长演讲分类讲解According to the professor,why did some blackcaps choose a secondary habitat?A.They were following a moving food supplyB.Their preferred habitat was taken over by another bird speciesC.Their nes
31、ting sites were disturbed by human activityD.Their preferred habitat became too competitive长演讲分类讲解Listening again to part of the conversation.Then answer the question.What can be inferred about the professor when she says this?A.She realizes that she just contradicted a statement she made earlierB.S
32、he is about to discuss another aspect of the topicC.She thinks the answer to her question is obviousD.She wants students to recall a case that she has already discussed.长演讲分类详解天文类单词汇总：总览 Overview天文学 Astronomy占星学 Astrology天文物理学 Astrophysics伪科学 Pseudoscience宇宙 Cosmos/Universe宇宙的 Cosmic长演讲分类详解天体 Celest
33、ial body行星 Planet水星 Mercury金星 Venus地球 Earth火星 Mars木星 Jupiter土星 Saturn 海王星 Neptune 冥王星 Pluto 天王星 Uranus流星 Meteor 陨石 Meteorite彗星 Comet轨道 Orbit小行星 Asteroid恒星 Star卫星 Satellite星群 Asterism星座 Constellation长演讲分类详解星系 Galaxies银河系 Galaxy太阳系 Solar system星系间的 Intergalactic恒星间的 Interstellar行星间的 Interplanetary其他 E
34、TC真空 Vacuum自传 Rotation 公转 Revolution红外线 Infrared ray紫外线 Ultraviolet ray引力 Gravitational force长演讲分类详解天文学总结：星球及其特征尺寸：giant,massive,enormous距离：light year,fuel成分：composition,be composed of,gas,ice结构：crust,mantle,core表面：surface,volcano,mountain,riverbed,basin,crater轨道：orbit,elliptical考点：两处对比地球上发现的东西和宇宙发现
35、的东西特点对比不同科学家对同一发现观点对比长演讲分类详解Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?A.TheorbitsodcometsB.UniquecharacteristicsofafamouscometC.ThestructureofcometsD.Theoriginandlifecycleofcomets长演讲分类详解Accordingtotheprofessor,whathappensasacometapproachestheSun?Clickon2answers.A.ItsnucleuslosessomematerialB.Itscorebecomesbrighte
36、rC.ItmovesfasterD.ItabsorbsgasesfromtheSun长演讲分类详解WhydoestheprofessoremphasizetheamountoftimeHaileysCometisbeyondtheorbitofJupiter?A.ToaccountforthecometscompositionoficeanddustB.ToshowtheeffectofJupitersgravityonthecomets orbitC.ToarguethatthecometsorbitshouldnotbeconsideredperiodicD.Toexplainwhythe
37、cometisnotvisiblefromEarthvery often长演讲分类详解What is the professor imply about the history of Haileys Comet?A.HaileysCometdidnotalwayshavethesameorbitithas nowB.HaileysCometusedtobemuchsmallerthanitisnowC.HaileysComethasalwayshadthesameorbitthat ithasnowD.HaileysCometismuchyoungerthantherestofthesolar
38、system长演讲分类详解Whatistheprofessors opinionaboutthename “parabolic-orbitcomets”?A.ItisnotwidelyacceptedamongastronomersB.ItisprobablynotstrictlyaccurateC.ItisnotatermthatthestudentsneedtolearnD.Itwillprobablybereplacedsoonwithanewname长演讲分类详解Accordingtotheprofessor,whatcanchangeaparabolic-orbitintoaperi
39、odic-orbitcomet?A.ThelossofsomeofthecometsmaterialB.TheforceofescapinggasesC.ThegravitationalinfluenceofaplanetD.EnergyfromtheSun长演讲分类详解艺术类单词汇总音乐 Music音符 Note乐谱 Score乐章 Movement民间音乐 Folk music流行音乐 Pop music古典音乐 Classical music爵士乐 Jazz交响乐 symphony摇滚乐 Rock and roll乐器 Instrument管乐 Band/Wind music弦乐 Str
40、ing小提琴 Violin中提琴 Viola大提琴 Cello声乐 Vocal music协奏曲 Concerto二重奏 Duet指挥 Conductor长演讲分类详解艺术类单词汇总政治经济 Politics&Economics商品 Commodity银行贷款 Bank loan利息 Interest提款 Withdraw承兑 Honor富足 Affluence大萧条 The Great Depression长演讲分类详解艺术类单词汇总美术 Art油画 Oil painting水彩 Water Color素描 Sketch彩色蜡笔画 Pastel海报 Poster壁画 Fresco/Mural
41、 painting石版画 Lithograph肖像画 Portrait颜色 Pigment油画布 Brush复制品 Replica真迹 Autograph美术馆 Gallery书法 Calligraphy塑像 Statue长演讲分类详解艺术类总结：艺术形式的解释对该类艺术形式的艺术风格分类介绍要注意每种艺术风格的：特点（区别）例子（代表人物）有关键时间的要记录这种艺术形式使哪些人受益对该艺术形式的评价关键提示：时间转折强调原因解释对话举例对比长演讲分类详解What is the lecture mainly about?A.Why the Salon exhibitions became po
42、pular among women artists in ParisB.Why French society did not approve of art schools or womenC.How opportunities for women artists in Paris improvedD.How women artists in Paris cooperated with one another长演讲分类详解What point does the professor make about Julian when he mentions thatJulians art school
43、offered some classes only for women?A.Julians school was the first art school in Paris to offer women-only classesB.Julian wanted to encourage the distinctive style of women in ParisC.Julian viewed himself as a social reformerD.Julian possessed outstanding business skills 长演讲分类详解What does the profes
44、sor emphasize as one benefit of competition in womens classes?A.Women gained more confidence in their artistic abilitiesB.Women became instructors in private art studiosC.Women were able to sell their paintings for large amounts of moneyD.Women created new styles of painting长演讲分类详解According to the p
45、rofessor,what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of the nineteenth century in Paris?Click on 2 answers.A.Women and men took art classes togetherB.Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitionsC.More schools were established by women artistsD.Fewer
46、 women artists were traveling to Paris长演讲分类详解What does the professor imply about Bashkirtseffs painting In the Studio?A.It was one of many paintings that depicted a womens studioB.It did not bring Bashkirtseff recognition for her artistic abilityC.It was criticized for an unrealistic depiction of wo
47、men artistsD.It was beneficial for both Bashkirtseff and the school where she studied 长演讲分类详解Listening again to part of the conversation.Then answer the question.What does the professor mean when he says this?A.Paris was a popular place to visit,but not the best place to study artB.Paris was the most important place for an artist to study and workC.Living in Paris was difficult for women artists from other countriesD.Studying in Paris was beneficial for some artists,but not for others.
