1、English grammar：Noun Clauses判断下列是什么从句判断下列是什么从句：1.Where he was born was unknown to us.2.I dont know where he was born.3.The unknown was where he was born.4.I dont know the fact where he was born.5.He worked where he was born.6.He worked in the city where he was born.I dont know where he was born.He w
2、orked where he was born.辨析：宾语从句辨析：宾语从句VS状语从句状语从句I dont know the fact where he was born.He worked in the city where he was born.辨析：定语从句辨析：定语从句VS同位语从句同位语从句复合句、主句、从句的概念复合句、主句、从句的概念复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能用作句子的一个成分，如主语、表语、用作句子的一个成分，
3、如主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语。宾语、定语、同位语、状语。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的的从句。叫该成分的的从句。英语中的从句有：英语中的从句有：状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句GOGOGO状语从句：状语从句：时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句状语从句是副词状语从句是副词性修饰性从句性修饰性从句定语从句：定语从句：限制性
4、定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语从句是形容词定语从句是形容词性修饰性从句性修饰性从句名词性从句的概念名词性从句的概念 名词在句子中一般可以充当名词在句子中一般可以充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。从主语、表语、宾语、同位语。从句在语法功能上相当于句在语法功能上相当于名词名词，也，也可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语、同位语。因此，语、同位语。因此，主语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句句统称为统称为名词性从句名词性从句。名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连
5、接词可分为三类：1连接词连接词 2连接代词连接代词 3连接副词连接副词GOGOGOGOGOGO连接词连接词：that whether if (一般仅用于宾语从句一般仅用于宾语从句)as if (用于表语从句用于表语从句)它们不充当从句的任何成分它们不充当从句的任何成分连接代词连接代词：what whatever who whoever whom whose which连接副词：连接副词：when where why because how how组成的词组如：组成的词组如：how many,how long,how far 等等学习名词性从句的要点学习名词性从句的要点1、名词性从句的语序的考查
6、、名词性从句的语序的考查2、名词性从句的连接词的考查、名词性从句的连接词的考查3、宾语从句的时态呼应、宾语从句的时态呼应4、同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择、同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择GOGOGOGOGOGO名词性从句的语序的考查名词性从句的语序的考查1.What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.2.The question is whether she is coming.3.Could you tell me where he lives?4.I had no idea
7、 whether he will come on time?名词性从句要求使用名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序陈述句语序，而，而不是一般疑问句的语序。不是一般疑问句的语序。注意：注意：that和和what的运用的运用 he wants is a book.light travels in straight lines is known to all.WhatThat The result is we won the game.That is we are looking for.thatwhat Please tell us is happening there.We should pay att
8、ention to the teacher is saying.I dont know she is coming.whatwhatthatThe news China succeeded in sending up a manned spaceship was exciting.The news he told us was exciting.thatthat注意：注意：that和和what都可以引导主语从句、都可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，宾语从句、表语从句，that在从句在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；what在从句中不仅起连接作用，还在从句
9、中不仅起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分。在从句中充当成分。what一般不用来引导一般不用来引导同位语从句同位语从句。what不能用作关系代词，因此也不能用作关系代词，因此也不能引导不能引导定语从句定语从句。that的省略（的省略（1）I dont think that she is coming.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.He told me that his parents had died in the accident and that he had to make a living all by him
10、self.()()thatthatthat的省略（的省略（2）That he is top in his class makes his parents very happy.Its pity that he has made such a mistake.The reason is that he is careless.The news that our basketball team won the match made us excited.Thatthatthatthat注意：注意：单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的that可以省略；可以省略；但用但用it作形式宾语的宾语从句、并列作形
11、式宾语的宾语从句、并列宾语从句中第二个及以后宾语从句宾语从句中第二个及以后宾语从句中的中的that不可以省略。不可以省略。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的中的that一般不可以省略。一般不可以省略。if和和whether的运用（的运用（1）we will go to town tomorrow depends on the weather.The question is he should do it.The doctor cant answer the question the old man can survive the operation.Whether
12、whetherwhetherif和和whether的运用的运用（2）I asked him he could finish the job on time.Do you know we are worried about he is safe?I dont know he could finish the job on time or not.whether/ifwhetherwhether注意注意：引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用句只能用whether。引导宾语从句时应注意：引导宾语从句时应注意：（1）动词后的宾语从句可以用）动词后的宾语从句可以用if
13、，也可以用也可以用whether。（2）介词后的宾语从句只能用）介词后的宾语从句只能用whether。（3）宾语从句中有）宾语从句中有or not时，一般时，一般用用whether。what和和which的运用的运用 There are so many things.I dont know I have to choose.The books are so good and useful.I dont know I have to choose.what 泛指的事物，没有一定的范围泛指的事物，没有一定的范围which 特定事物中的特定事物中的“哪一个哪一个”，有有一定的范围一定的范围whatw
14、hichwhy和和because运用运用His car broke down on the way.That was he was late.他的车在路上抛锚了，那就是他迟到他的车在路上抛锚了，那就是他迟到的缘故。的缘故。Why did he fail in the exam?That was he was careless.why强调结果；强调结果；because强调原因。强调原因。whybecausewho和和whoever的运用的运用 Whoever/Who breaks the law should be punished.I will give this book to whoeve
15、r/who needs it.what和和whatever的运用的运用 We will do whatever/what we can to help you.Whatever/What he says is always reasonable.which和和whichever的运用的运用 You may take whichever/which you like.注意：在引导名词性从句时，在引导名词性从句时，who、what、which有疑问意味；有疑问意味；whoever、whatever、whichever是它们的是它们的强势语，不含有疑问意味。如：强势语，不含有疑问意味。如：I don
16、t know broke the window.I dont know I should choose.whowhat/which其他连接词的运用其他连接词的运用思考：横线上可以填那些连接词？思考：横线上可以填那些连接词？I dont know we will go.根据回答选择适当的连接词：根据回答选择适当的连接词：I dont know we will go.We wont.I dont know we will go.Next Sunday.whether/ifwhenI dont know we will go.The factory where his father works.I
17、dont know we will go.By bus.howwhereI dont know we will go.To give them a hand with their work.I dont know we will go.I dont know,either.that/whetherwhy宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应He believes that his dream will come true one day.Please tell me what you think of the plan.He told me that he was preparing for t
18、he coming mid-term examination.He said that he had been away from his hometown for ten years.He asked me where I lived.The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择同位语从句的辨别和引导词的选择I dont know the fact where he was born.He worked in the city where he was born.名词性
19、从句中名词性从句中it的运用的运用 it作形式主语作形式主语 it作形式宾语作形式宾语it作形式主语作形式主语 主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重主语从句有时会很长，复合句就显得头重脚轻，因此，可以把主语从句移到复合句脚轻，因此，可以把主语从句移到复合句后面，而在句首使用后面，而在句首使用it作形式主语。作形式主语。用用itit作形式主语的作形式主语的thatthat从句有以下四种不同的从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：搭配关系：It+be+adj.+that-clauseIt+be+P.P.+that-clauseIt+be+n.+that-clauseIt+vi+that-clauseIt+
20、be+adj.+that-clause It is necessary that有必要有必要 It is important that重要的是重要的是 It is obvious that很明显很明显It+be+P.P.+that-clause It is believed that 人们相信人们相信 It is known to all that 从所周知从所周知 It has been decided that 已决定已决定 It+be+n.+that-clause It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的
21、是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是It+vi+that-clause It appears that 似乎似乎 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happens that 碰巧碰巧注意：注意：当当that 引导的主语从句出现在疑引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，也问句中时，也要以要以it 作形式主语，作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：而把主语从句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?it作形式宾语作形式宾语 如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，连接宾语从句的从句后置，连接宾语从句的that不不省略。省略。We made it a rule that we read English in the morningI think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
