1、 英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态被动语态(the Passive Voice)A.主动语态主动语态-主语是动作的主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态被动语态-主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.何时使用被动语态？何时使用被动语态？1、动作执行者不明确，不必说出或者、动作执行者不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world
2、2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：例如：He was born in October，19894、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等等词时。例如：词时。例如：Tina是被是被Paul叫来叫来的。的。Tina is asked to come by Paul5、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“据报道据报道”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that on
3、e day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据信，据悉据信，据悉 It is believed that 主语主语+be+Vpp(二二)被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有人称时态的变化有人称时态的变化1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般现在时的被动语
4、态：一般现在时的被动语态：主语主语+am/is/are+Vpp2.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：主语主语+was/were+Vpp3.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+Vpp主语主语+be going t
5、o+be+Vpp4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：主语主语+have/has+been+Vpp5.Flowers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+Vpp各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动
6、语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/does2 一般过去时一般过去时did3 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall+动词原形动词原形4 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词5 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词6 含情态动词含情态动词can/may/must+动词原形动词原形am/is/are+过去分词过去分词was/were+过去分词过去分词will/shall+be+过去分词过去分词be going to+be+过去分词过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分过去分词词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词can/may/mus
7、t+be+过去过去分词分词(三三)主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态:They make the bikes in the factory.主主 谓谓 宾宾 The bikesin the factory.are madethemby主变被步骤主变被步骤:1.找宾语找宾语:-变成主语（变成主语（用主格用主格）He washed his car yesterday.His car3.判断判断新主语新主语的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复数动词的单复数.be4.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态:确定确定be动词的时态动词的时态.2.找谓语：找谓语：-变成变成be+Vpp washed5.找原句
8、的主语找原句的主语:-变成变成by+宾格（放在动词的宾格（放在动词的后面）后面）(by them)yesterday.iswas was6.其余部分按原位照搬就好了。其余部分按原位照搬就好了。He plays basketball every week.Basketball is played by him every week.The light was invented by Thomas Edison.Thomas Edison invented the light.1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting
9、 things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket wa
10、s found was told3.We found the ticket on the floor.5.Last year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was built can be used7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this tim
11、e last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finishedHave a try(笔头练习笔头练习)1.The emperor invented tea by accident.2.Many Chinese can speak English.3.They dont wash their clothes every day.4 Did Mary finish the work?.Tea was invented by the emperor by a
12、ccident.English can be spoken by many Chinese.Their clothes arent washed by them every day.Was the work finished by Mary?(四四)被动语态的特殊情况被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice（使役动词感官动词，）等词（使役动词感官动词，）等词,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的动的动词不定式词不定式(动词原形动词原形),在变为被动语态时在变为被动语态时,必须必须还还原动词不定式符号原动词不定式符号to.如如:1)We
13、 heard him sing this song in the room.He was heard to sing this song in the room.2)The boss made him work 14 hours a day.He was made to work 14 hours a day.3)I see him walk to school.He is seen to walk to school.2.A)2.A)含有双宾语的动词含有双宾语的动词award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell在变为被动语态时在变为被动
14、语态时既可把既可把间接宾语间接宾语(指人指人)变为被动语态的主语变为被动语态的主语,也可把也可把直接宾语直接宾语(指事物指事物)变为被动语态的主语变为被动语态的主语,而而在间接宾语前加在间接宾语前加to 或或for(到底用到底用to还是还是for,与所搭配与所搭配的动词有关的动词有关)。比较：。比较：She was given some money Some money was given to her.He gave her some money.主主 谓谓 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语1.He bought her a watch.She _a watch(by him).A wat
15、ch _her(by him).was boughtwas bought for B).含有复合宾语（宾语含有复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的主动句变被宾补）的主动句变被动，只需把宾语变成被动句的主语，宾补部分动，只需把宾语变成被动句的主语，宾补部分不变不变。We asked him to speak at the meeting.He was asked to speak at the meeting.He asked me to go to his birthday party.I_ _to go to his birthday party.I heard Jane playing the pia
16、no in her room.Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.I see him running on the road every morning.He _running on the road by me every morning.表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主用主动式表被动义动式表被动义3.作作“需要需要”讲的讲的need want,require的被的被动形式：动形式：need doing=need to be done 需要被需要被Your
17、 jacket needs to be washed/washing.4.表示表示“开始、结束、运动开始、结束、运动”的动词用的动词用主动式表被动义。主动式表被动义。begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am.every day A traffic accident _(happen)just now.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePeking Opera _(sound)
18、beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候(物做主语，且动词在此为不及物动词物做主语，且动词在此为不及物动词)The pen _(write)very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,take place,appear,disappear,5.不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：6.be worth doing 表示被动，值得表示被动，值得 This book is worth _(read)表示主语的自然属性特征
19、表示主语的自然属性特征well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A.were sold B.sell C.have sold D.are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washed 中考被动语态考题中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible.Pe
20、ople must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题）南京市中考题）A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市北京市)A arent;take away B taken awayC isnt;taken away D be taken away3.He _ _(tell)to return his books to the library yesterday
21、.(黄冈市中考题）黄冈市中考题）was told5.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week(济南市中考题）济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The
22、vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考（上海市中考题）题）TThey sent upwere planted are grown 完成学案单选练习题完成学案单选练习题P3一、一、选择题选择题 ()1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;bulit C.Does;build D.Did;build ()2.An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happen
23、ed ()3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow ()4.So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visitedB.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited ()5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives ()6.How
24、many trees _ this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted BDACCC()7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done ()8.Neither of them _ in China.A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made ()9.Look!A nice picture
25、 _ for our teacher.A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws ()10.Your shoes _.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn ()11.The doctor _ for yet.A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent ()12.-When _ this kind of computers_?-Last year.A.did;use
26、 B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _?Mustbeenpaidforwill bebuiltisnt beenstoppinghasbeen
27、 kept5.If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.6.Mr.Green was seen _(grow)trees.7.The blackboard was _(look)carefully by the students.8.The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade9.Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factoryA.is being repairedB.is rep
28、airedC.has been repairedD.hasnt been repaired10In warm weather,fruit and meat _ longA.cannot be keptB.dont keepC.mustnt keepD.is not kept11.-Did you hand him the letter yesterday?-No,I _ to him A.brought it B.took it C.had it sent D.carried it 12Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B.make C.to be mad
29、e D.to makeOral practice-主动句改被动句 1).A car knocked him down yesterday.2).Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3).When I got there,they were cutting up a fallen tree He was knocked down by a car yesterday The medical team is made up of by two A fallen tree was being cut up,when I got the
30、re.4).Well put on the play next Sunday5).Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6).They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of
31、last year 7).We should protect the earth8).You need to paint the wall The earth should be protected The wall needs to be paintedQuiz 11.The steel _ cold A.is felt B.was feeling C.feels D.is being felt2.His plan _ good A.has sounded B.is sounding C.is sounded D.sounds3.Work _ at 7 pm.today A.ends B.e
32、nded C.was ended D.had ended4.The pen _ smoothly A.was wrote B.writes C.has writing D.is written5.This coat _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washedCorrecting mistake2.Correct the mistake(s)in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until
33、he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good6)Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed/washing 1.教室每天都会被打扫。教室每天都会被打扫。(一般现在时态一般现在时态)The classroom everyday.2.你的作业明天一定要带来
34、你的作业明天一定要带来.Your homework here tomorrow.3.这个风筝是我哥哥昨天做的。这个风筝是我哥哥昨天做的。The kite by my brother yesterday.must be broughtwas madeis cleaned 4.新的教学楼将在明年新的教学楼将在明年6月修建。月修建。The new teaching building _ next June.5.我的电脑现在正在被修理。我的电脑现在正在被修理。My computer _ at the moment.6.工作已经被完成了一半了。工作已经被完成了一半了。Half of the work (
35、finish)already.will be builtis been repairinghas been finished(2)(2)有些双宾动词有些双宾动词(如如bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write等等)通常用直接宾语通常用直接宾语(指事物指事物)作被作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前其前根据情况用介词根据情况用介词to或或for)：Father made me a doll.A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter.A letter was wri
36、tten to her.(3)(3)有些双宾动词有些双宾动词(如如answer,deny,envy,refuse,save,spare等等)通常用间接宾语通常用间接宾语(指人指人)作被动语态作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answered me that question.I was answered that question by him.She was badly paid.她挣的钱很少。她挣的钱很少。The trip was well organized.旅行组织得很旅行组织得很好。好。在通常情况下，修饰被动语态的副词一在通常情况下，
37、修饰被动语态的副词一定要放在助动词定要放在助动词be与过去分词之间。如：与过去分词之间。如：将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。Fill in the blanks:Paper(invent)_ in A.D.105 by Cai Lun in China.It is an important part of our everyday lives,but few people ever think about how it(make)_.Today most paper comes from trees.However,with the concern for
38、the environment(考虑到环境考虑到环境),more and more paper(produce)_from recycled paper products.Since paper products are of different qualities,they first(sort分类分类)_before they(recycle)_.The sorted material(put)_into a huge machine.was invented is made is produced are sorted are recycled is put A great deal o
39、f water is needed in large cities.Some cities pump(抽水）water from wells.Some cities g_ water from lakes or rivers n_.But some cities have to bring water from lakes or rivers many miles away.Water is usually b_ to a city from a place higher than the city itself.When water is f_ only in the lower place
40、,it must be pumped up to the city.Then it is s_ to each home.Dams(水坝)are often b_ in a river to keep the water fromflowing away.Then a new lake is formed.The city knows how muchwater will be n_ and allows the extra(额外的)water to flow below the dam.I _ this way,the city stores water for its use.There is usually a b_ near the dam.Much important work is d_ there.For example,the water is tasted before it is piped to the city.etearbyroughtoundentuilteedednuildingone
