1、Lecture 4 Rhythm&Intonation Rhythm of English Speech Rhythm pattern in English is based on stress variation of words or syllables that have strong stress with those that have weaker stress.English speakers make some parts of words or some words stronger and clearer than the rest.Rhythm of English Sp
2、eech 句子重音与弱音在连贯的句子中交替出现，形成了轻重交替、抑扬顿挫、跌宕起伏的音乐节奏感，使话语说起来朗朗上口、有起有伏，听起来节拍鲜明、优美动听。从时间上来说，如果某一重读音节算一拍的话，那么，句中的各轻读（弱化）音节则只有1/3至1/2拍。This is the book that I bought in the store on my visit to the city.Unit 12(录音开始部分）录音开始部分）Listen for Stressed Words in 10 sentences.1.Keep the dogs,and the cats and the snakes
3、.2.Keep the pigs,and the cows and the sheep.3.Grow some beans,and some dates and some rice.4.Buy me some maps,and some pens and some books.5.Buy some more desks,and some chairs and some boards.6.Buy me some meat,and some fish and some fruit.Video Time nListen to the remarks by the president in a nat
4、ional address to Americas school children.nPay attention to the rhythm in his speech,noticing how the alternation of weak forms and strong forms in his speaking helps him impress the audience.Impressive remarks (read loudly)nThese people succeeded because they understood that you cant let your failu
5、res define you-you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble,that doesnt mean youre a troublemaker,it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade,that doesnt mean youre stupid,it just means y
6、ou need to spend more time studying.Impressive remarksnNo ones born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work.Youre not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You dont hit every note the first time you sing a song.Youve got to practice.The same principle app
7、lies to your schoolwork.Impressive remarksnDont be afraid to ask questions.Dont be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isnt a sign of weakness,its a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you dont know something,and that then allo
8、ws you to learn something new.基本语调：降调基本语调：降调1.陈述句陈述句:China is in the east of China and it is a very large country.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:Where are you going?3.感叹句感叹句:Aha!Why?4.祈使句祈使句:Open the window,please.基本语调：基本语调：升调升调1.普通疑问句普通疑问句:Have you been to London before?2.问候句问候句:Good morning.Goodbye .3.含蓄句含蓄句:Nobody
9、 else could have done this better.4.表示委婉语气表示委婉语气:Take it easy.I beg your pardon.Intonation Patterns Low-Rise:Isnt he NICE?Do you want some coffee?Do you need me to bring some newspaper?High-Rise:(Raising the voice to clarify or confirm)Taking up WHAT?She PASSED?Rising tone for Politeness Im so sorry
10、.太遗憾了。（同情）太遗憾了。（同情）Keep on trying!（友好，激励）（友好，激励）Pass me the vinegar,please?（客气）（客气）I beg your pardon?（请重复）（请重复）Dont leave!（委婉请别人留下）（委婉请别人留下）Thats right.（委婉表示同意）（委婉表示同意）Dont forget to write.(亲切亲切）Intonation Patterns Mixed rise and fall:fallrise&rise-fall Will you come or not?Would you like tea or cof
11、fee?Before you make your decision on this,please think twice.If you see him,give him my message.I would like to buy a new one,if I could afford it.A quick tour of the city/would be nice.Intonation Patterns Rise-Rise:expecting“yes”or“no”.If I helped you/would you try again?Despite his drawbacks/do yo
12、u favor it or not?Fall-Fall:for a positive answer Its a bit too good to be true,isnt it?Functions&Uses of English Intonation Additional function:n The falling intonation:completeness and definiteness;nThe rising intonation:incompleteness&uncertainty or questioningn The falling-rising:feelings of hes
13、itation,contrast,reservation or doubt.n Intonation and stress work together to express meaning.Intonation makes it easier for a listener to understand what a speaker is trying to convey.The end The grammatical function 将句子按不同的意思分成小组或语群，将句子按不同的意思分成小组或语群，在不同小组之间予以适当的停顿，并加在不同小组之间予以适当的停顿，并加以不同的语调，就会相应地产
14、生不同的以不同的语调，就会相应地产生不同的意思。意思。Those who sold quickly/made a profit.Those who sold/quickly made a profit.The discourse function In speech,people often use intonation to focus the listeners attention on aspects of the message that are most important.So the placement of the nucleus or tonic stress depends
15、 on the“information content”:the more predictable a words occurrence is in a given context,the lower its information content is.E.g.:The telephone is ringing.The kettle is boiling.In speech,people often use the following tone for new information and the rising or falling-rising for“shared”of“given”i
16、nformation.Practice:Unit 15 建议听录音前四部分。建议听录音前四部分。Types of Intonation in English We call the melody of language intonation:the total pattern of pitch changes,i.e.,the rising and falling of the voice when a person is speaking.Rising and falling are the two basic intonation patterns.When they go togethe
17、r,they can make a falling-rising tone.Unit 13(停止键左边处：停止键左边处：第四五六七部分句子跟读第四五六七部分句子跟读):Speaking Falling/Rising/Falling-rising/Intonation/Imitation4 Intonation Patterns fall/low-rise/high-rise/mixed rise and fallIve spoken with the CLEAner.Go and see a DOCtor.You like it,DONT you?You dont mind if I take
18、 the book away,do you?Yes.Intonation Unit Tone groups/tone-units/sense groups/word groups An intonation unit may contain several syllables,some stressed and some unstressed.The last stressed syllable is ususally a marker of the highest importance and is the focus stress.On this syllable,there takes
19、place a change of pitch.I am WRiting a LETter to him NOW.Intonation Unit Tail(T),nucleus(N)head(H)&pre-head(P)of an intonation unit I am WRIting a LET ter to him.P H N T Possible structures of an intonation unit:P H N T:We are learning a foreign language.P H N:I am afraid we cant go.P NT:We hope so.P N :It was at night.H N T:Then are they coming?H N :Peter has arrived.N:Help!Intonation Unit Unit 14(“打开无序播放健打开无序播放健”上上方：第三四部分录音方：第三四部分录音:各各10个对个对话）话）Listen Identify the nucleus&Speaking Imitation
