1、Grammar过去分词过去分词V-ed的的用法用法4.作状语1.作定语2.作表语3.作补语过去分词注意过去分词做注意过去分词做定语定语的位置的位置a closed door a broken windowa polluted river一、一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 1.1.前置定语前置定语归纳归纳1 1：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词在被修饰的名词_。之前之前 a picture painted by Leonardo da Vincia woman dressed in white2.2.过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语：通常作定语：通常_，
2、其作用相当于其作用相当于定语从句定语从句。1)Its a picture _ _ painted by Leonardo da Vinci2)There was a woman _ _ dressed in whitethat/which wasthat/who was后置后置结论：结论：过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,表示动作在谓语之前表示动作在谓语之前已已_,或具有或具有_意义意义.不及物动词动词的过去分词作定语，只表的过去分词作定语，只表示动作示动作_，不表示被动意义；，不表示被动意义；及物动词及物动词的过去分词作定语，则表的过去分词作定语，则表_ 或或_。被动被动完成完成已经完成已经完成
3、被动意义被动意义已完成的被动动作已完成的被动动作现在分词和过去分词做定语，有何区别呢？Make less noise,Theres a sleeping child.Those wishing to join this club should sign here.They came to a town surrounded by mountains.系动词的分类：系动词的分类：“似乎类似乎类”：“感觉类感觉类”：“变成类变成类”：“仍然类仍然类”：基本形式基本形式：Be(am,is,are)seem,appear,lookfeel,sound,smell,tastebecome,go,get,
4、grow,fall,turnremain,stay,keep位于位于系动词系动词后，不表示后，不表示“被动被动”或或“完完成成”，而是表示主语的，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思状态、特点或思想感情想感情等。相当于形容词等。相当于形容词1.They are excited.2.He looked worried after reading the letter.3.When we heard of this,we were deeply moved.二二.过去分词过去分词作作表语表语1.They were _ to hear the _ news.(delight)2.The teacher an
5、nounced the _ news with an _voice.(excite)delighteddelightingexcitedexciting归纳归纳:与感觉相关的及物动词，其与感觉相关的及物动词，其过去分词过去分词含有被动含义，即含有被动含义，即“人被引起某种感觉人被引起某种感觉”，多用来形容，多用来形容人、人的声音或者表人、人的声音或者表情情。而其。而其现在分词现在分词表示主动意义，即表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉令人有某种感觉”V-ing 与与V-ed 作表语的区别作表语的区别区别区别 The library is closed.The library is closed b
6、y the teacher.V-ed作作表语表语表主语的状态，表主语的状态，被动语态被动语态表示被动的动表示被动的动作。作。“系动词系动词+过去分词（系表结构）过去分词（系表结构）状态（系表结构）状态（系表结构）动作动作(被动语态）被动语态）区别区别 My glasses are broken.My glasses were broken by my little brother.状态状态动作动作be+过去分词表状态时，是系表结构，而表示动作时，是被动语态，而且动作的执行者由by引出过去分词作表语，通常表示主语的所处的状态。Liu Xiang is a player _(love)by man
7、y thousands of fans.Unluckily,he got _(injure)in the game,in2012 London Olympics.The _(surprise)news got across to the world and his fans were _(disappoint)to see it，but they still wished him a happy life.lovedinjuredsurprisingdisappointed Used as the Object Complement什么是宾语补足语？什么是宾语补足语？英语中有些及物动词，除有一
8、个直接宾语以外，还英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,get,have,let等等。We think him clever.What he said made me angry.We consider the answer correct.(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)宾语补足语的表示法宾语补足语的表示法1.His father named him Doming
9、.2.They painted their house white.3.You mustnt force him to go at once.4.Nobody noticed him enter the room.5.We saw her entering the room.(名词名词)(形容词形容词)(不定式不定式)(不定式短语不定式短语)(现在分词或其短语现在分词或其短语)6.We must get the work finished by 10 oclock.7.We take English as a useful tool for research work.8.Whenever y
10、ou may go,you will find him at work.9.Let the fresh air in.10.The plant has its own name.You cannot call it what you will.(过去分词过去分词)（用介词引出）（用介词引出）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）（副词）(从句从句)课本例句1).Now when people refer to England you Wales as well.2).Finally by Ireland in the same peaceful way.3).You most of the popu
11、lation in the south,用过去分词充当宾语补足语用过去分词充当宾语补足语1.过去分词作宾语补足语，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示动作已经完表示动作已经完成或结束成或结束。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是般都是及物动词及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成的表示被动意义或已完成的意义意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard.They found their n
12、ew bikes stolen.2.不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，仅表不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，仅表示动作已完成。示动作已完成。After waking up,I found everyone gone.3.动词seat，dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。而且一般只能用过去分词作宾语补足语。When I came in,I found a strange girl seated in the corner.1.在在feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch,think,consider等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，等表示感觉和心
13、理状态的动词之后，表示感受到某人或某事被做。表示感受到某人或某事被做。I was sleeping when I heard my name called.He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned down.过去分词作宾语补足语的情况2.在在get,have,make,keep使役动词之后使役动词之后,用过用过 去分词作宾语补足语去分词作宾语补足语,表示表示“使使/让让”。We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulle
14、d out at the dentists.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.(2011重庆重庆)A.reminding B.to remind C.reminded D.remind解析：解析：remind和和himself构成动宾关系，构成动宾关系，即即remind sb.of sth.，故用故用reminded。reminded作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。C3.“have/get+宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”的几种含义的几种含义 在在“have 宾语
15、过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中，过结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用也可用 get。这一。这一结构有以下几种含义：结构有以下几种含义：1).意为意为“主语请别人做某事主语请别人做某事”。He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.2).意为意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情的事情”。Be careful,or youll have your hands hurt.3).意为意为“使完成某事使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人，事情既可以是别人做做 完，也可以由主语参与完成。完，也可以由主语
16、参与完成。He had the walls painted this morning.4.表示表示“意欲；命令意欲；命令”的动词如的动词如：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省相当于过去分词短语前省略了略了to be，表示，表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”I wish these letters(to be)typed as soon as possible.He didnt want such question discussed at the meeting.The father wants his daughter taught the
17、piano.“with/without 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中，结构中，过去分词用作介词过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.With water heated,we can see the steam.With the matter settled,we all went home.Without the job finished,I wo
18、uldnt dare to go home.5.“with/without 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构结构 John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽安徽)A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished解析：在解析：在with复合结构中，不定式表示复合结构中，不定式表示 尚未发生的动作，现在分词表示主动尚未发生的动作，现在分词表示主动 关系，过去分词表示被动关系。关系，过去分词表示被动关系。A真题
19、解析真题解析6.过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep，leave等后作宾语补足语。Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.1.I can make you _what I say,butyou cant make yourself_in English.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.to understand,understandD.understand;to be understood
20、2.He found them_at a table_A.sat;to play chessB.sitting;to play chessC.seated;playing chessD.seat;play the chess3.John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlocked D.to leave;unlocking4.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A.settled B.settling C.be
21、settled D.having been settled5.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown过去分词与不定式过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的现在分词作宾补的区别区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词过去分词强调他们之间的强调他们之间的被动关系被动关系，不定不定式式强调动作发生的强调动作发生的全过程全过程，现在分词现在分词强调强调他们之间的他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。主动关系，正在进行。I
22、saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.省略to的情况：1）情态动词(除ought 外，ought to)：2）使役动词 let,have,make：3）感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。不能省掉。I saw him dance.=He was s
23、een to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.注意：1.get的结构和其他使役动词有所不同get+宾语+to do/doing/doneHe got me to post the letter for him.I will get the car going.You must get the work done before Friday.2.with的复合结构with+sb/sth+doingwith+sth+donewith+sth+to doWith
24、 a lot of work to do,he was not allowed togo out.1.I often hear the girl _ this English song in her room.2.The girl is often heard _ this English song in her room.3.I hear this English song _ in her room.4.This English song was heard _ by the girl in her room.5.I heard the girl _ this English song i
25、n her room when I passed by.sing to singsungsungsinging用用sing的正确形式填空。的正确形式填空。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语The Past Participle as the AdverbialThe Past Participle as the Adverbial1.Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.2.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast sleep.功能：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。Built thirty
26、 years ago,the house looks very beautiful.过去分词在句中一般能作过去分词在句中一般能作时间、原因、时间、原因、条件、让步条件、让步,方式及伴随状语等方式及伴随状语等。位置：过去分词作条件，原因及时间状语时,常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末,作方式和让步状语时，即可放在句首，也可在句末。1.过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语，相当于过去分词作原因状语，相当于as,since,because等词引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句首。等词引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句首。Caught in a heavy rain,he w
27、as all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(Because he was caught in a heavy rain)2.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.1.Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.Given
28、 advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged 【答案答案】C。“受到科技进步的激励，许多受到科技进步的激励，许多农民在他们的土地上建起了风力发电场。农民在他们的土地上建起了风力发电场。”该句可转化为：该句可转化为：As
29、 they are encouraged by the advances in technology,。2.过去分词作条件或者假设状语过去分词作条件或者假设状语过去分词作条件状语，相当于过去分词作条件状语，相当于if,unless等等词引导的条件状语从句。词引导的条件状语从句。Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.(If these seeds are grown in rich soil)If we were given more time,we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is
30、 heated to a high temperature,water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperatureUnless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited If _ the same treatment again,he is sure to get well A.giving B.give C.given D.being given A C3.过去
31、分词作方式或过去分词作方式或伴随伴随情况状语情况状语过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时，相当过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时，相当于一个并列分句，没有相应的状语从句可于一个并列分句，没有相应的状语从句可替换。替换。The trainer appeared,followed by four little dogs.训练员出现了，后面跟着四条小狗。训练员出现了，后面跟着四条小狗。He walked up and down the room,lost in thought.他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。The teacher entered the classroom,a
32、nd he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The teacher stood there,surrounded by the students.4.过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.When heated
33、,ice will be changed into water.过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。有时，过去分词前可以加从句。有时，过去分词前可以加when,while,until等词来强调过去分词所表示的动作与主等词来强调过去分词所表示的动作与主句谓语动词所表示动作的时间关系。句谓语动词所表示动作的时间关系。When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill，the parkDont speak until you are spoken t
34、o.Dont speak until spoken to.1.When help,one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”A.offering B.to offer C.to be offered D.offered 2.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed D A5.过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语。过去分词与过去分词作让步状语
35、。过去分词与though/although/even if/even though/however等等词连用，相当于一个让步状语从句。词连用，相当于一个让步状语从句。Left at home,John didnt feel afraid at all.(Although he was left at home,)Even if invited,I will not take part in the party.(Even if I am invited,)No matter how frequently,the works of Beethoven still attract people a
36、ll over the world.(2006 广东广东)A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performed【答案答案】A。“不管多么频繁地被演奏，贝不管多么频繁地被演奏，贝多芬的作品仍吸引着全世界的人们。多芬的作品仍吸引着全世界的人们。”。句子还原即是句子还原即是No matter how frequently they are performed,2.过去分词作状语表示过去分词作状语表示_/或或_的动作的动作,相当相当一个状语从句。一个状语从句。3.过去分词作状语时其过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语逻辑主语与与主句的主语主句的
37、主语要保要保持持一致一致。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 被动被动完成完成summary1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。_from the hill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系,用用_，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用用_。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词重难点辨析（一）：主语一致重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_ from the hill,you will find
38、thecitylookslikeabiggarden.SeenSeeing1.从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen2.从太空看从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.Seen Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.Surpr
39、ised at what had happened,Tom didnt know what to do.1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost(迷路迷路);seated(坐坐);hidden(躲躲);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于沉溺于);born(出身于出身于);dressed in(穿着穿着);2，由某些动词后面加，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具转化来的形容词也具有此用法。有此用法。如：如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。
40、等。重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况三.有些过去分词可以用连词加以强调。这些连词有when,once,if,unless,though,as if,although,even if,even though,than,asWhen asked why she came here,the girl kept silent.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别Following the old man,we went upstairs.=We followed the old man,and we went upstairs.Followed by the old
41、man,we went upstairs.=We were followed by the old man,and we went upstairs.Seen from the top,the stadium looks like a birds nest.Seeing from the top,we find the stadium like a birds nest.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词表完成，被动，与主句的主过去分词表完成，被动，与主句的主语之间是被动关系。现在分词表进行，语之间是被动关系。现在分词表进行，主动，与主语的主语之间是主动关系。主动，与主语的主语之间是主动关
42、系。特别注意having done 结构，强调的动作先于主句动作完成.Shown around the lab,we were taken to see the library.=Having been shown around the lab,we were taken to see the library.1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose配套练习配套练习动词动词-ing或过去分词作状语或过去分词作状语,其逻辑其逻辑主语应是主句主语
43、。主语应是主句主语。2.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.giving B.give C.given D.being given 3._ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 析析:正确答案为正确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的年被建的,所以该空应填过去分词所以该空应填过去分词
44、Founded 作状语。作状语。4._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared5._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given6._ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A
45、.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed7.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invitedI.下列各句均有一处错误下列各句均有一处错误,指出并改正。指出并改正。The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited.2.Interesting in English,he listens to BBC
46、 every day.excited excitingInteresting Interested3.How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English!4.We met him at the giving time and place5.When heard the news,she burst into laughter.understanding understoodgiving givenheard hearing或或heard前加前加she6.He was sitting in the chair,read a
47、book.7.The villagers had many trees planting just then.8.Entered the room,she found the wall newly painted.read readingplanting plantedEntered Entering9.Surprising at what happened,Tom didnt know what to do.10.There were the brothers look very much alike.Surprising Surprisedlook looking1.When I arri
48、ved home one day,I found her _(seat)under the tall tree.2.You can improve your mind by _(read)literary classics.3.In order to make himself _(hear),he raised his voice a little bit.II.用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。seatedreadingheard4.The pool,_(cover)an area of 300 square meters,is big enough for you to enjoy.5.The children will get _(confuse)if asked to learn too much at a time.6.Do you like the book _(make)up of untrue stories?coveringconfusedmade7.Dont keep the visitor _(wait)for such a long time.8.Most of my classmates know that I like reading books _(write)by Zhang Ailing.writtenwaiting
