1、Fruit Trees:Income Generating Plant Materials for Windbreaks,Vegetative Barriers,&Hedgerows Prepared by L.Robert Barber,Roland Quitugua,&Ilene IriarteFor:University of Guam,Cooperative Extension Service&Guam Department of AgricultureFunding provided by:United States Department of Agriculture Natural
2、 Resources Conservation Service,Western Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Administration for Native Americans,&Sanctuary IncorporatedFruit Tree Windbreaks Primary function is wind protection Tree spacing is much closer than normal(orchard)Fruit yield will be reduced dramatically
3、once the plants are mature,if irrigation and nutrients are not provided along with a pruning program May require thinning in about 5-10 years depending on speciesLand Preparation If planting on new or overgrown land clear unwanted vegetation taking care not to remove the top soil If using a bulldoze
4、r do not scrape the soil Steeply sloping land should not be stripped of plant cover due to susceptibility to erosion Do not operate any machinery on wet soil because it will cause compaction affecting plant growth and developmentPlanting&Care Minimum:Dig a hole the same depth and twice as wide as th
5、e root ball You want the crown(point where root&stem meet)level with the ground surface Keep soil and mulch away from the base of the plant to avoid rotPlanting&Care Break up any of the roots that are circling the root ball“pot bound roots”Inspect roots for“j”root make sure tap root is straight“Its
6、better to plant a$1 plant in a$10 hole than it is to plant$10 plant in a$1 hole”Mulch Mulch Your Plants Weed barrier Slow release nutrients Conserves water Protects your plants from bush cutters Bush cutters Often damages desired plants Physically harms plants Bush cutter disease(careless cuts girdl
7、e tree)kills huge numbers of trees on Guam.Mulched Yoga surrounded Mulched Yoga surrounded by chicken wireby chicken wireCommon Causes of Plant Death Planted too deep Mulched too deep Over watering or under watered Bush cutter damage Mulch or soil up against plant base(stem)Species Height Short Spec
8、ies:20 feet and under Calamansi-Noni Soursop-Lemon China Surinam Cherry Medium Species:20-50 feet Avocado-Binalo Saba/Palau banana Dwarf coconut Large Species:50 feet and over Breadfruit-Tamarind MangoSpacingFruit Trees:Windbreak:Orchard:Calamansi5-8 feet8-10 feetSoursop5-8 feet8-14 feetSurinam Cher
9、ry8-10 feet10-15 feetNoni6-10 feet10-15 feetLemon China6-10 feet8-14 feetAvocado12-18 feet20-40 feetSaba Banana8-14 feet12-18 feetDwarf Coconut10-12 feet15-20 feetBinalo10-15 feet10-15 feetBreadfruit12-16 feet15 40 feetMango10-16 feet15-40 feetTamarind8-15 feet12-20 feetPropagationFruit Trees:How to
10、 Propagate:CalamansiSeed,Air Layering,GraftingSoursopSeedSurinam CherrySeeds,Volunteer Seedlings,Air LayingNoniSeed,CuttingsLemon ChinaSeed,Air Layering,GraftingAvocadoSeed,Grafting,Saba BananaDivision,Tissue CultureDwarf CoconutSeedBinaloSeedBreadfruitRoot shoot&Cuttings,Air Laying;Seed(Dokdok)Mang
11、oSeed,GraftingTamarindSeeds,Cuttings,Air Laying,GraftingCalamansi Can not tolerate water logged soils Can be used as living fences Good bee forage Flowers&fruits most of the year if irrigated Peel can be used in animal feed mixes Lemon China Can not tolerate water logged soils Can be used as living
12、fences Good bee forage Flowers&fruits most of the year if irrigatedLemon ChinaLemon ChinaSoursop Seeds are poisonous causing severe eye inflammation If soils are too dry the tree will drop all its leaves,mulching&irrigation are recommended Flowers and fruits more or less throughout the year Juice&pu
13、lp can be used in drinks or dried fruit Fruit&pulp may be used as animal fodder if seeds are removedAvocado Does not tolerate water logging Tolerates salt spray Used as animal fodder Avocados will not ripen while still attached to tree Full grown avocados will ripen 2 days to 1 week at room temperat
14、ure Season can be extended by selecting different varietiesSaba/Palau Banana Tolerant to most diseases For Nurseries Light well drained growing medium(pathogen free)Irrigate after planting Not a tree,has a pseudostem Sap permanently stains clothes Flower is a vegetableBreadfruit Fruits can weigh 0.5
15、 13 lbs.Fruit yield is extremely variable&can range from 100-700 fruits per tree.Average yield is 150 200 fruits per tree Does well interplanted with other species Surface roots can be easily damaged by mowers&other equipment(heavy mulching recommended)Breadfruit Fruits are high in carbohydrates,vit
16、amins,&minerals Seeds are high in protein,low in fat Salt and drought tolerant Can be potentially used as erosion controlDokdok(Seeded breadfruit)Do not produce root shoots&cannot be grown from root cuttings Seeds are viable for several weeks Seeds cannot be stored,damaged by chilling,or drying Coll
17、ect seeds from soft ripe fruits Seed should be firm,shinny&does not give way when squeezed Seeds germinate within 10-14 days Transplant to 1-2 gallon pots when true leaves have hardened Ready to transplant in the field in one year Will bear fruit in 6 10 yearsTamarind Slow growing,long lived Wind re
18、sistant Withstands salt sprays There are many food uses:Curries,sauces,seasonings,drinks,&roasted Pulp is rich in calcium,phosphorus,iron,thiamine,&riboflavinTamarindSurinam Cherry Can grow in most soil types Can withstand waterlogged soils for a time Does not tolerate salt Seedlings grow slowly May
19、 fruit from 2-5 years,depends on conditions Fruits rapidly become larger&sweeter after a good wateringSurinam CherryLada or Noni Noni flowers&fruits throughout the year Grows in a wide range of soils Can tolerate drought and water logged soils for long periods of time Very salt tolerant Regenerates
20、rapidly Fruit,leaves,stems,&roots are used for medicinal purposesMango Tolerate a wide range of soil types Considered to be drought tolerant During fruiting season will cause fruit drop&low yields Wind resistant&are used as windbreaks Sap is slightly caustic&toxic&can cause:Rash,blisters,swelling of
21、 lips,throat,face,&other parts of skin Sap burn on fruitsMango Seeds Monoembryonic:Contains only one embryo Cross between maternal&paternal parents Fruits vary Polyembryonic:Contains many embryos Normally identical to mother plantBinalo(Pacific Rosewood)Grows naturally only in the Mariana Islands an
22、d throughout tropical areas of the Pacific It is commonly found on the beach strand,along river,mouths,and can be found on limestone terraces not far from the coast.Binalo produces attractive yellow flowers and fruits that mature from green to brown.Wood has been used for tool handles,and its bark for medicine,fence stalks,and its inner bark for cordage BinaloSummary For more information contact your local Cooperative Extension Service at 735-2080
