1、 Unit 14Set by zhong GrammarI.VocabularyGrammarLanguage Focus P229Language Focus P229 1.1.非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别：非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别：（限定性定语（限定性定语从句从句 参考参考 Unit4Unit4）限定性定语从句限定性定语从句 1)1)对先行词起限制、确定作用。与先行词有不可分割的联系。对先行词起限制、确定作用。与先行词有不可分割的联系。没有定语从句，先行词的意义就不明确，不完整。没有定语从句，先行词的意义就不明确，不完整。2)2)关系代词及关系副词关系代词及关系副词
2、 which who(whom)whose that when which who(whom)whose that when where why aswhere why as 3)3)先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号 4)4)关系代词作宾语时可以省略关系代词作宾语时可以省略 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 1)1)只对先行词作补充说明，与先行词只有只对先行词作补充说明，与先行词只有松散的联系。没有定语从句，主句和先行词松散的联系。没有定语从句，主句和先行词的意义仍然清楚。的意义仍然清楚。2)2)关系代词及关系副词关系代词及关系副词 which who which wh
3、o(whom)whose when where as(whom)whose when where as 3)3)通常有逗号通常有逗号 4)4)不能省略不能省略 eg.eg.We dont like the room,which is cold.We dont like the room,which is cold.我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。This is a pretty flower,whose name I dont This is a pretty flower,whose name I dont know.know.这是一种很美的花，我不知道它叫什么名这是
4、一种很美的花，我不知道它叫什么名字。字。2.2.which which 和和 as as 有时所修饰的不是前面某一个有时所修饰的不是前面某一个词，而是代表整个主句的内容。两者不同的是词，而是代表整个主句的内容。两者不同的是 which which 不能置于句首，而不能置于句首，而 as as 可以。如：可以。如：The clock struck thirteen,which made The clock struck thirteen,which made everyone laugh.everyone laugh.这个钟敲了十三下，逗得大家都笑了。这个钟敲了十三下，逗得大家都笑了。As we
5、 know,he is a famous scientist.As we know,he is a famous scientist.据我们所知，他是一个著名的科学家。据我们所知，他是一个著名的科学家。3.非限定性定语从句也可以由非限定性定语从句也可以由“名词名词(或代词或代词或数词或数词)介词介词which(或或whom)”引出。如：引出。如：eg.We have two spare rooms upstairs,neither of which has been much used in the past two years.我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年
6、内都没怎么用。么用。Language Focus P237Language Focus P237 将来完成时将来完成时 概念：概念：1 1）将来某时之前要完成的事情，）将来某时之前要完成的事情，2 2）谈论将来某事发生之前已经存在的某种状态，）谈论将来某事发生之前已经存在的某种状态，3 3）可以和时间（常用）可以和时间（常用byby短语）或条件状语连用。短语）或条件状语连用。形式：形式：肯定句：主语肯定句：主语 will have done 其它成分其它成分 否定句：主语否定句：主语 will not have done 其它成分其它成分 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Will 主语主语 have
7、done 其它成分？其它成分？特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词 will 主语主语 have done 其它成分？其它成分？常用的常用的byby短语有：短语有：by thenby then by that time by that time by the end of this year(next week;next by the end of this year(next week;next month;next year)month;next year)by this time tomorrow(next week;next by this time tomorrow(next wee
8、k;next month;next year)month;next year)by the time+by the time+从句从句 Example:The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。He warns us that housing certainly will not have become less expensive by then.他提醒我们到那时住宅一定不会更便宜。他提醒我们到那时住宅一定不会更便宜。Will he h
9、ave mailed it by then?到那时他已经把它寄走了吗？到那时他已经把它寄走了吗？If you come at seven oclock,I shall not yet have finished dinner.你如果七点钟来，我还没有吃完晚饭呢。你如果七点钟来，我还没有吃完晚饭呢。VocabularyActivity 1 P225Activity 1 P225 tend(+to V)tend(+to V)v.to have a tendency,be v.to have a tendency,be inclined inclined 有有倾向；趋势倾向；趋势 eg.eg.She
10、 tends to get very angry if you annoy She tends to get very angry if you annoy her.her.如果你打搅她，她准会生气。如果你打搅她，她准会生气。People tend to get fat as they grow older.People tend to get fat as they grow older.人变老了，就会发胖。人变老了，就会发胖。surround surround v.to enclose or confine on all sides v.to enclose or confine on a
11、ll sides so as to bar escape or outside communication.so as to bar escape or outside communication.包围，围住或关闭每一边以阻止逃跑或外部沟包围，围住或关闭每一边以阻止逃跑或外部沟通通 eg.eg.A wall surrounds the garden.A wall surrounds the garden.一座墙围绕着花园。一座墙围绕着花园。preferprefer(动词不定式动词不定式/动名词动名词/名词名词)()(to )v.to )v.To choose or be in the habi
12、t of choosing as To choose or be in the habit of choosing as more desirable or as having more value more desirable or as having more value 更喜更喜欢欢,作为更合意的或更有价值的而选择或习惯作为更合意的或更有价值的而选择或习惯于选择于选择 eg.eg.I should prefer you not to stay there too I should prefer you not to stay there too long.long.我希望你不要在那儿呆得
13、太久。我希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。She prefer doing to talking.She prefer doing to talking.她喜欢做而不喜欢说她喜欢做而不喜欢说Activity 10 P233Activity 10 P233 boost boost v to assist in further v to assist in further development or progress:development or progress:刺激刺激,增长增长,辅辅助长远的发展和进步助长远的发展和进步 eg.eg.We need to boost our spirits.We n
14、eed to boost our spirits.我们需要鼓舞士气。我们需要鼓舞士气。edge edge n.a margin of superiority;an n.a margin of superiority;an advantage:advantage:优势的程度；强势优势的程度；强势 eg.eg.We ll have a slight edge over the We ll have a slight edge over the opposition.opposition.我们将比对手稍具优势。我们将比对手稍具优势。Who has a decisive edge in military Who has a decisive edge in military strengthstrength？在军事力量上谁占决定性的优势？在军事力量上谁占决定性的优势？confidential a.done or communicated in confidence;secret.秘密的秘密的,秘密地进行或秘密地进行或交流的交流的 eg.a confidential order 密令密令 a confidential secretary 机要秘书机要秘书
