1、专题六 连词1并列连词并列连词 分析甘肃近分析甘肃近3 3年中考真题可以看出,在语法与情景对话题型中对并列连词考查逐渐年中考真题可以看出,在语法与情景对话题型中对并列连词考查逐渐减少,侧重于对短语的考查,且主要集中在词汇考查题型中。考生需判断两个句子减少,侧重于对短语的考查,且主要集中在词汇考查题型中。考生需判断两个句子之间的关系,进而选择表示顺承、转折和因果等连词;或者表示递进,选择关系的之间的关系,进而选择表示顺承、转折和因果等连词;或者表示递进,选择关系的连词短语,这些统称为并列连词连词短语,这些统称为并列连词(短语短语)。常见并列连词常见并列连词(短语短语)并列连词(短语)并列连词(短
2、语)用法用法例句例句and(2016省卷50题)“和”,表并列或顺承关系He is laughing and talking.他又说又笑。but“但是”,表转折关系He is poor,but honest.他贫穷,但是诚实。or“或者/否则”,表选择关系/条件关系Would you like tea or coffee?你喜欢茶还是咖啡?so因此/所以”,表因果关系He was ill,so he couldnt go to school yesterday.他病了,因此他昨天不能去上学。bothand两者都Both you and she are right.你和她都是对的。not onl
3、ybut also不但而且Not only you but also he wants to buy the book.不但你而且他也想买那本书。eitheror或者或者Either he or I am right.要么他对,要么我对。neithernor既不也不Neither the twins nor Li Lei has been to Shanghai.这对双胞胎和李磊都没去过上海。注意:注意:1.neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词要和最近的主语的单复数保持一致,即就近原则;bothand连接两个成分作主语时,
4、谓语动词只能用复数。2.连接两个句子时,neither,not only后面的句子要用倒装句。如:Not only did he speak more correctly,but he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确,而且说得更轻松。考点小练1.Look!There is lots of traffic in this city.we should be careful when we cross the streets.A.But B.So C.And D.Because2.The beginning of the movie was boring,the end wa
5、s amazing!A.but B.and C.so D.or3.姐姐和我都不愿意在假期的时候早起。my sister I am willing to get up early during holidays.BANeithernor4.Not only Tina but also Lily has been to Beijing.(改为同义句)Tina Lily have been to Beijing.Bothand2甘肃近甘肃近3 3年中考侧重于对从属连词的考查,是考生复习的重点。年中考侧重于对从属连词的考查,是考生复习的重点。1.1.以下从句类别需要分清:以下从句类别需要分清:时间状语
6、从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果时间状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句以及让步状语从句;状语从句,目的状语从句以及让步状语从句;2.2.在此基础上,选择其对应的连词,切记勿与并列连词混淆。在此基础上,选择其对应的连词,切记勿与并列连词混淆。引导时间状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句的从属连词从属连词从属连词意义意义用法用法when当时从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。while当时引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时。before在之前表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,必须是延续性动词且常用进行时。until/till直到常用在“n
7、otuntil”结构中,表示“直到才”。after在之后以过去时间为起点的一段时间之后since自从引导从句常用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。as soon as一就引导的从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。once一旦就主从句时态一致。如:如:The students were talking when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候,学生们正在说话。Dont make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造任何噪音。They said they were happier before they became ri
8、ch.他们说他们在变得富有前更快乐。He left the office after he finished the work.完成工作后,他离开了办公室。He has lived here since he was 8.他从八岁的时候就一直住在这里。Ill visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。Once they find people in need,they try their best to help them.一旦他们发现需要帮助的人,他们就尽最大努力去帮助他们。引导条件状语从句的从属连词引导条件状语从句的从属连词从属连词从属连词意义意
9、义用法用法if(2017省卷48题)如果引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。unless(2015兰州39题)除非,如果不可以转化为“ifnot”结构。主从句时态与if用法一致。as long as只要引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。如:如:Well go for a picnic if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨我们就去野餐。He wont finish the work unless he works hard.如果他不努力,就不能完成这项工作。As long as you work hard,youll succeed.只要你努力工作,你就会
10、成功。引导让步状语从句的从属连词引导让步状语从句的从属连词从属连词从属连词意义意义用法用法例句例句though/although虽然;尽管引导让步状语从句时,这些词都不能与but同时连用。Although/Though it rained heavily,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大,他还是出去了。even/though(if)即使Even though I have enough time,I dont want to go there with him.即使我有足够的时间,我也不想跟他去那里。引导原因状语从句的从属连词引导原因状语从句的从属连词从属连词从属连词意义意义
11、用法用法because因为表示造成某事的直接原因,常用来回答why引导的问句。since既然语气比because弱,表示众所周知的原因。as因为语气比since弱,表示众所周知的原因,一般放在主句之前。for因为表示补充或推断的理由,不用于句首。如:如:He didnt come here because he was ill.他没来因为他病了。Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说,那一定是真的。As Im not at home,please leave me a message.因为我不在家,请给我留言。He must be ill,for he
12、is absent.他肯定生病了,因为他没来。引导目的、结果状语从句的从属连词引导目的、结果状语从句的从属连词从属连词从属连词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句so that/in order that以便于,为了;引导目的状语从句。He got up early so that he could get there in time.他早起以便于他能及时到达那里。sothat如此以至于;引导结果状语从句。The box is so heavy that we cant carry it.这个箱子太重了以至于我们搬不动它。suchthat如此以至于;引导结果状语从句。Its such a fine d
13、ay that many people go to the park.天气这么好,许多人都到公园里玩。考点小练5.Well stay at home it rains tomorrow.A.and B.if C.but D.so6.riding shared bikes(共享单车)is an environmentally friendly way to travel,many of the bikes are thrown everywhere.A.Although B.As C.Unless D.Until7.Did you say anything to your parents the
14、y shouted at you?No,I was afraid to talk back.They looked really serious and scary.A.unless B.why C.when D.whileBAC情态动词1情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法 分析近3年甘肃中考真题可以看出,情态动词主要在语法与情景对话和完形填空中考查;其基本用法和表推测的用法轮流考查,都有涉及。判断二者的方法,就是分析在句子中的意义:1.表示“能”“应该”“不能”“必须”等这些是基本用法;2.表示“一定”“可能”“也许”等这些是表示推测。1.常见情态动词用法归纳常见情态动词用法归纳情态动词情
15、态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句can(2016省卷53题)表示能力,意为“能,会”。Lily can play the piano very well.莉莉钢琴弹得很好。表示请求、允许,意为“可以”,多用于口语中。Can I borrow your bike?我能借你的自行车吗?情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句couldcan的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗小的时候钢琴就弹得很好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。Could I have a cup of tea?
16、我可以要一杯茶吗?must意为“必须”,多表示主观意愿。You must finish your homework first!首先,你必须完成你的家庭作业!should意为“应该”,表示责任和义务,也可以表示劝告或建议。We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。have to意为“不得不”,多表示客观需要。The children have to get up early to catch the first bus.孩子们为了赶第一趟公共汽车不得不早起。need(nt)意为“需要(不必)”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt say sorr
17、y to me.你不需要对我说对不起。had better(not)表示建议,意为“最好(不要)”。Youd better stay at home.你最好待在家里。may表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话,你可以坐在这儿。表示祝福和愿望。May you be happy!祝您幸福!mightmay的过去式,意为“可以”。He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉。Might I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗?拓展:拓展:(1)由must引导的一
18、般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/have to;否定回答常用neednt或dont/doesnt have to,不能用mustnt回答,mustnt意为“严禁,禁止”。如:Must I go with them?我必须跟他们走吗?Yes,you must./No,you neednt/dont have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。(2)由may引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may;否定回答用cant/mustnt。如:May I smoke here?我可以在这儿吸烟吗?Yes,you may./No,you cant/mustnt.是的,你可以。/不,你不能。(3)could,sho
19、uld,would,might等有时不表示过去,而是表示委婉的语气。如:Would you tell me the way to the park?你能告诉我去公园的路吗?2.易混情态动词的辨析易混情态动词的辨析can/could与与be able to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句can/could只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)。Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。be able to可用于多种时态。We will be able to come
20、 back next week.我们下周能回来。must与与have/has to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词 用法用法例句例句must表示主观意愿,意为“必须”。We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。情态动词情态动词 用法用法例句例句have/has to用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”。Well have to ask Mr.Zhang.我们必须问问张老师。cant与与mustnt的区别的区别情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句cant意为“不可能”,表示否定推测。The man over there cant be Jim.He
21、has gone abroad.那边那个人不可能是吉姆。他出国了。mustnt意为“禁止,不允许”,不能用来表示推测。You mustnt play soccer on the street.你不准在街道上踢足球。考点小练1.you tell me the differences between these two photos?No.They look quite similar,nearly the same.A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should2.Must I be home before eight oclock?No,you .A.mustnt B.cant C.n
22、eednt D.have to3.Please dont make so much noise.I hear the speaker very well.A.neednt B.mustnt C.cant D.shouldnt4.You take me to the station.My brother will take me there.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.dont have toACCD5.Look!The traffic lights have turned red.We stop our car.A.can B.cant C.must D.must
23、nt6.I think students keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes.A.should B.might C.shall D.couldCA2情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1.情态动词表肯定推测情态动词表肯定推测情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法must意为“一定,肯定”。用于肯定句中,表示非常有把握的推测。may意为“有可能,也许”。用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测。might/could(2016省卷,25题)意为“或许”。表推测,语气较弱,可能性很小。注意:注意:这几个词按照推测的可能性由大到小为:mustmaymigh
24、t/could。如:They must be very tired after a long walk.走了这么长的路,他们一定很累了。The French book may be Alices.She studies French.这本法语书可能是爱丽斯的。她学法语。She might be in the library.She likes reading books in the afternoon.她可能在图书馆。她喜欢在下午的时候看书。2.情态动词表否定推测情态动词表否定推测情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法cant(2017省卷25题)表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不,不可能”
25、,可能性几乎为零。may not表示否定推测,语气不确定,意为“可能不”。如:Miss Gao cant be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.高老师不可能在教室,我刚刚在超市看见她了。It may not be her pen.这可能不是她的钢笔。考点小练7.When you are travelling,bring a map because it help you.A.cant B.mustnt C.used to D.may8.This pair of glasses be Tonys.Hes the only on
26、e who wears glasses in our class.A.must B.might C.cant D.have to9.My schoolbag still be in the music hall because I attended a concert yesterday.A.cant B.need C.might D.must10.Tom,dont drive too fast.You hit others cars.A.need B.may C.must D.shouldDACB11.Please call before you come,otherwise we be home.A.shouldnt B.may not C.couldnt D.neednt12.Theres an important football match today.I miss it.A.may B.cant C.must D.neednt13.Jenny finally got the job because she speak English fluently.A.might B.must C.could D.shouldBBC