1、Places of interest in London10 Downing Street 10 Downing Street,colloquially known in the United Kingdom as Number 10,is the headquarters of Her Majestys Government and the official residence and office of the First Lord of the Treasury,an office now invariably held by the Prime Minister.唐宁街（Downing
2、 Street）位于英国首都伦敦的西敏内，在过往200年来，都是重要内阁官员，即英国首相，以及兼任第二财政大臣的财政大臣的官邸。唐宁街内最有名的宅邸，相信非唐宁街10号莫属，它以往是第一财政大臣的官邸，但自从此职与首相合并后，就成为首相官邸。，免受恐怖份子（尤其是爱尔兰共和军）的袭击。在此以前，一般公众是可以自由出入唐宁街，作为一条连接白厅和圣詹姆士公园的捷径。大铁闸至今仍没有拆除，在2003年更进行了加固工程。St Jamess Palace St Jamess Palace(sometimes incorrectly spelled St James Palace)is one of Lo
3、ndons oldest palaces.It is situated in Pall Mall,just north of St Jamess Park.Although no sovereign has resided there for almost two centuries,it has remained the official residence of the Sovereign and the most senior royal palace in the UK.For this reason it gives its name to the Royal Court(the C
4、ourt of St Jamess).It is the ceremonial gathering place of the Accession Council,which proclaims a new sovereign.圣詹姆斯宫是英国君主的正式王宫，而且是所谓的the Senior Palace of the Sovereign，而外国派驻英国的大使和专员呈递国书时，按礼节和传统都是呈递到圣詹姆斯宫的。这所王宫位于伦敦市中心的圣詹姆斯公园旁边，距离白金汉宫不远。与英国其他王宫不同的地方是，圣詹姆斯宫是以红砖建造。它是英国皇室拥有的法定官邸，而且更属于英国本土最高规格的王宫。基于这个原因
5、，它一直被皇室当作重要的宫廷（Royal Court）使用。2013年10月，英国当地时间16日宣布，威廉王子与妻子凯特的儿子剑桥乔治王子，将于23日下午在圣詹姆士宫的皇家教堂受洗。受洗仪式将由坎特伯瑞大主教主持，包括女王伊丽莎白二世、查尔斯王子等重要王室成员及凯特的家人出席。Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey,is a large,mainly Gothic,church in the City of Westminster,London,located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.It is
6、 one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and,later,British monarchs.威斯敏斯特大教堂(Westminster Abbey)坐落在英国伦敦议会广场西南侧，正式名称为“圣彼得联合教堂”。威斯敏斯特大教堂整座建筑既金碧辉煌，又静谧肃穆，被认为是英国哥特式建筑的杰作。既是英国国教的礼拜堂，又是历代国王举行加冕典礼、王室成员举行婚礼的大礼堂，还是
7、一个国葬陵墓。从 11 世纪胜利王威廉开始，除了爱德华五世和爱德华七世外，所有英王都在此加冕登基，当今英女王伊丽莎白二世就是于1953 年6月在威斯敏斯特大教堂里举行加冕典礼的。Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the official London residence and principal workplace of the British monarch.Located in the City of Westminster,the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospit
8、ality.It has been a focus for the British people at times of national rejoicing.白金汉宫位于伦敦威斯敏斯特城内，是英国王室的王宫和居所。1703年由白金汉公爵所建而得名，最早称白金汉屋。1761年转卖给英国王室后，几经修缮，逐渐成为英国王宫。从1837年起，英国历代国王都居住在这里。维多利亚女王是居住在这里的第一位君主。宫内有典礼厅、音乐厅、宴会厅、画廊等六百余间厅室，宫外有占地辽阔的御花园，花团锦簇。女王的重要国事活动都在该地举行。来英进行国事访问的国家元首也在宫内下榻，王宫由身着礼服的皇家卫队守卫。Cultur
9、al notesPrime minister during World war I and II Stanley Baldwin（1908-1923）He was a British Conservative politician,who dominated the government in his country between the two world wars.Three times Prime Minister,he is the only one to serve under three monarchs(George V,Edward VIII and George VI).P
10、rime minister during World war I and II NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN He was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement（绥靖政策）foreign policy。However when Adolf Hitler continued his aggression by in
11、vading Poland,Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939,and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II.Prime minister during World war I and II Winston Churchill He was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and a
12、gain from 1951 to 1955.Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century,Churchill was also an officer in the British Army,a historian,a writer,and an artist.He is the only British Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature,and was the first person to be made a
13、n honorary citizen of the United States.George III of the United Kingdom was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801,after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death.In the later
14、 part of his life,George III suffered from recurrent,and eventually permanent,mental illness.Albert,Prince Consort（阿尔伯特亲王）was the husband of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.He was born in the Saxon duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to a family connected to many of Europ
15、es ruling monarchs.At the age of 20 he married his first cousin,Queen Victoria,with whom he would ultimately have nine children.At first,Albert felt constrained by his position as consort,which did not confer any power or duties upon him.Over time he adopted many public causes,such as educational re
16、form and a worldwide abolitio of slavery,and took on the responsibilities of running the Queens household,estates and office.He was heavily involved with the organisation of the Great Exhibition of 1851.Albert aided in the development of Britains constitutional monarchy by persuading his wife to sho
17、w less partisanship in her dealings with Parliament阿尔伯特亲王(1819-1861)Prince Albert 维多利亚女王的表弟和丈夫，一个统治英国20年而没有名分的国王，他的出现和死亡如流星划过黑暗的夜空一样，改变着英国和欧洲王室的轨迹。Pandoras box Pandoras box is an artifact in Greek mythology,taken from the myth of Pandoras creation in Hesiods Works and Days.The“box”was actually a lar
18、ge jar given to Pandora，which contained all the evils of the world.Today the phrase to open Pandoras box means to perform an action that may seem small or innocent,but that turns out to have severely detrimental and far-reaching consequences.Coronation(加冕礼加冕礼)coronation is a ceremony marking the for
19、mal investiture（授权）of a monarch（君主）and/or their consort with regal power,usually involving the ritual placement of a crown upon his or her head and the presentation of other items of regalia（徽章）.The ceremony may include the taking of special vows by the monarch,acts of homage by the new rulers subje
20、cts and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation.Once a vital ritual among the worlds monarchies,coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious factors;most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether,preferri
21、ng simpler enthronement（即位）,investiture or benediction（恩赐）ceremonies.Coronations are still observed in the United Kingdom,Tonga（汤加）and several Asian countries.In common usage today coronation normally refers to the official investiture or enthronement of the monarch,whether or not an actual crown is
22、 bestowed（授予）.St Edwards Chair King Edwards Chair,sometimes known as or The Coronation Chair,is the throne on which the British monarch sits for the coronation.It was commissioned in 1296 by King Edward I to contain the coronation stone of Scotland known as the Stone of Scone which he had captured f
23、rom the Scots who had kept it at Scone Abbey.The chair was named after Edward the Confessor,and was kept in his shrine of at Westminster Abbey.圣爱德华宝座 亦称加冕椅加冕椅，为英国皇室国王英国皇室国王为加冕用途的宝座，于1296年由爱德华一世爱德华一世委托制造。宝座下方放置着斯昆石，当年由他作为战利品从苏格兰苏格兰带回英格兰。直到1996年11月15日，英国内政部英国内政部将斯昆石交还给苏格兰方面，由其带回爱丁堡城堡。每次举行加冕仪式时，需要将斯昆石运
24、回放在宝座下。圣爱德华宝座上一次举行加冕仪式是在1953年6月2日，现任女王伊丽莎白二世伊丽莎白二世的登基典礼。宝座目前存放在位于伦敦的威斯敏斯特大教堂内。Stone of Scone also known as the Stone of Destiny and often referred to in England as The Coronation Stone(152 kg),is an oblong block of red sandstone,used for centuries in the coronation of the monarchs of Scotland and la
25、ter the monarchs of England,Great Britain,and the United Kingdom.Historically,the artifact was kept at the now-ruined Scone Abbey in Scone,near Perth,Scotland.At each end of the stone is an iron ring,apparently intended to make transport easier.The Stone of Scone was last used in 1953 for the coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.命运之石（Stone of Destiny），也叫斯昆石（Stone of Scone），通称“命运石”或“加冕石”，苏格兰历代国王曾站在上面加冕为王。1296年英格兰兼并苏格兰时为爱德华一世夺走，一直存于西敏寺加冕座椅下方。1996年运回苏格兰，但没有复归斯昆修道院，而是摆放在爱丁堡城堡里
