1、宾语从句宾语从句(The object clause)定义：定义：复合句中，复合句中，放在动词或放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾叫宾语从句。语从句。宾语从句学习要点：宾语从句学习要点：一、语序一、语序二、引导词二、引导词三三、时态、时态四、宾语从句的反意疑问句四、宾语从句的反意疑问句五、否定转移五、否定转移三三要要素素句子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序 将下列句子改成陈述句语序：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Is there a bank
2、near here?2.Is it on Fifth Avenue?3.Are they doing homework?There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework 4.Does she work in a hospital?5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform?she works in a hospital you went to Center Park we have to wear a uniformwe can
3、 wear hats in school 7.Can we wear hats in school?8.Wheres your pen pal from?9.Where does he live?10.What language does she speak?11.Why do you like pandas?Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandas?一、宾语从句的语序一、宾语从句的语序 陈述句语序陈述句语序即：即：连词主语谓语动词连词主语谓语动词陈述句变为宾语从句
4、，语序不变，即仍用陈陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：述语序。如：He is an honest boy.The teacher said.The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if he works hard.或或I wonder whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know.I don
5、t know when he left.Whats the matter?(怎么了怎么了?)等等,在作宾语在作宾语从句时从句时,语序不变语序不变.如如:Could you tell me whats the matter?可以告诉我怎么了吗可以告诉我怎么了吗?3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。I think that he will come to China next year.I want to know if he was at home yesterday.Can you tell me where does your mother work?Do you k
6、now who can answer the question?1.Please tell us where is the hospital?your mother works the hospital isTTTFF宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：引导词引导词（看从句）（看从句）从句是陈述句从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略）口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句We know(that)we should learn from each other.Please tell me if/whether you
7、have been to America.Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?that if/whether（是否）（是否）wh-/how(即特殊疑问词即特殊疑问词)二二.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词1.由由that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：略。例如：He said(that)he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know(that)she is seriou
8、sly ill.I am sure(that)he will succeed.练一练练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.I know 2.She says 3.Tell your friend（that）2.由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。If和和whether在句中的意思是在句中的意思是
9、“是否是否”。例如：例如：I want to know if(whether)he lives there.He asked me whether(if)I could help him.练一练练一练1.Is he reading?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV?5.Will they read books?6.Can you sing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks
10、if/whether3.由连接代词由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：某个成分。例如：Do you know who(whom)they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is l
11、ate.练一练练一练What is this?What are you doing?Where do you live?When does he get up?How did you go to work?Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.Can you tell me 4.The man asked 引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整，词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整不完整，一定是，一定是特
12、殊疑问句特殊疑问句。完整完整，判断，判断主句主句语气，语气，是是疑问疑问语气，用语气，用 if/whether;是是肯定语气肯定语气，用，用that.If/whether（是否）的区别（是否）的区别 一般情况下，一般情况下，if 和和whether可以互换，但以可以互换，但以下下4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether：在不定式前：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词后：在介词后：It depends on(依靠依靠)whether it is going to rain.与与or not连用：连用：They are t
13、alking about whether to go there or not.做主语从句：做主语从句：Whether he is right isnt important.主语主语 从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句,当主句的主语或宾语与当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致从句主语是一致,可简化成可简化成:特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+to do.Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？1.填写合适的引导词填写合适的引导词
14、1 Can you tell me_you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where 3 I hardly understand _ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who 4 She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would be B.if would he be C.he will be CABB 5.I dont know
15、_ he still lives here after so many years.A.whether B where C.what D.when 6.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.what B when C why D how7.He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose8.He asked his friend _ to go there or not.A.if B whether C.what D.that CAAB三三 时态的变化时态
16、的变化:1)当当主句主句是是现在时现在时的时候的时候,从句从句可根据需要用可根据需要用任何时态任何时态.2)当当主句主句是是过去时过去时的时候的时候,从句从句变更过去的时态变更过去的时态.eg.I dont know what she is now.what she was ten years ago.what she will be in the future.what she has been.what she can be.I didnt know what she was then.what she had been ten years ago.what she would be in
17、 the future.what she had been.what she could be.主句主句(过去时过去时)从句从句(相应更过去的时态相应更过去的时态)am/is /are was/were can could will would work worked has done had done shall should was/were had been worked had worked 人称的变化人称的变化:根据说话的对象根据说话的对象,不同的场景具体情况具体不同的场景具体情况具体分析分析.时间或地点的变化时间或地点的变化:nowthen(如果说话的时间变了如果说话的时间变了)h
18、ere there(如果说话的场景变了如果说话的场景变了)对祈使句的转述对祈使句的转述:要用要用 tell/ask sb.to do sth.的句型的句型.Mum said,“Get up”.Mum told me to get up.注意：注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般从句都要用一般现在时现在时。如：如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.时态练习时态练习 将下列句子合并为一句：将下列句子合并为一句：1.Wher
19、e do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what I will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends
20、with them.He said he was doing his homework.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.Tom said that he would come back.Tom asked if he was doing his homework.Tom asked when he would come back.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you t
21、ell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?(Could/Would you tell me?这里这里could,would是表是表示委婉不代表过去时，是一般现在时，从句可以示委婉不代表过去时，是一般现在时，从句可以是任何时态）是任何时态）其它问题其它问题否定
22、的转移否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等词时等词时,其后面的宾语从句的否定应其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。转移到主句上。如：如：I dont think he is right.我认为他不对。我认为他不对。附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1.一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：如：如：She didnt say that he would come here,_?2.当主句主语为当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根
23、据从句判断，但肯、否等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：定形式根据主句判断：I dont think he is serious,_?I believe he can finish it on time,_?is hecant hedid she 标点符号的确定标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句取决于主句。主句是主句是 陈述句陈述句:。He asked me where I went just now.问句：问句：？Do you know when hell be back?一、引导词一、引导词 if/whether区别区
24、别 特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+to do二、语序二、语序 what is the matter?（怎么了？）语序不变（怎么了？）语序不变三三、时态、时态如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象,仍用一般现在仍用一般现在时时Could you tell me?宾语从句六注意：宾语从句六注意：四、反意疑问句四、反意疑问句 一般看主句一般看主句I+think,believe,suppose,guess等看从句等看从句五、否定转移五、否定转移在在think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，
25、一般要将否定词语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play with girl.我认为他没时间和女孩玩。我认为他没时间和女孩玩。宾语从句口诀宾语从句口诀 学习宾从三注意：学习宾从三注意：时态连词时态连词和和语序语序。时态主从要呼应：时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去从句时态变过去；语序要用陈述序语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句切莫照搬疑问句。T
26、hat连接陈述句连接陈述句，省与不省没关系省与不省没关系。从句若表从句若表“是否是否”时时，if,whether 均可以均可以。特殊问句做宾语特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词仍用原来疑问词。三个问题须记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。三个问题须记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。.把下列句子改为宾语从句的复合句。把下列句子改为宾语从句的复合句。1.He said,“I have been to America”.He said _ _ _ _ to America.2.Is there a hotel near here?Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ a hotel near here?that he had been if/whether there is 3.What sport do you like best?Could you please tell me?Could you please tell me _ _ _ _ _?4.“The earth moves around the sun”,our English teacher told us.Our English teacher told us that the earth _ _ the sun.what sport moves around you like bestThanks谢谢
