1、Grammar介词和介词短语介词和介词短语1介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续六年的广东高考中都有专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。主要考点有：考点解密考点解密2the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest in their house.(2007NMET)思路分析：句意是“把我作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。as3I wanted to reward the old woman _the troub
2、le I had caused her.(2007NMET)思路分析：句意是“我想酬谢我给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。”表示“因 而酬谢/报答某人”，是reward sb.for sth,即用for引出原因,故填for。类似的还有thank you sb.for sth;praise sb.for sth.;punish sb.for sth.for4He was very tired _ doing this for a He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.(2008NMET广东)思路分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填afte
3、r；另外，表示“因 而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填from。Be tired of 对 厌倦I am tired of living abroad.我对生活在国外感到厌倦了。after/fromafter/from5Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.(2008NMET广东)思路分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是
4、作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介词behind。Behind/In6Jane stopped where a small crowd of menhad gathered.She found some goodquality pipes _ sale.(2009)因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配。onWhen Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already _ table h
5、aving supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _(inform).(2009NMET广东)atwas informed7His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm),and thanked hisstudent very much for the sweet water.The young man went home_a happy heart.(2010广东)We understand this lesson bes
6、t _ we receive gifts of love from children.Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace,the proper response is appreciation.We love the idea withinthe gift rather than the thing.warmlywithwhen8I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him_ 23_his own either.(2011广
7、东）.the new boy looked at the teacher _ 23_ a few seconds.（2012广东）onfor91.什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：(1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。解题技巧102.应该填哪个介词？应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来
8、选择一个恰当的介词。11第一类：和时间有关的介词第一类：和时间有关的介词121.in at on1)_ the day 2)_ the evening 3)_ daybreak 4)_ midnight5)_ six oclock 6)_ dusk7)_ a cold day 8)_ a summer evening9)_ Sunday 10)_ December 12th2009早、晚 都要用inat 黎明、午、夜、点与分on在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等ininatatatatonononon13注：1)_ weekends 2)_ Christmas/Easter3)_ May
9、 4)_ a week 5)_ the fall6)He will come back _ ten days7)_ arriving,we started to work.8）He jumped with joy_ hearing the news.在周末和泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节等前用at说到星期，月份，季节，世纪等较长的时间时，要用in在将来时中，in加一段时间表示多久以后on+doing“一就.”=on+该动词的名词形式atatininininonOn142.before/after ;ago/later1)_ supper 2)_1970 3)_ coming to college4
10、)A week _ 5)a minute _6)Ten days _before,after表时间点；ago,later表时间段注：1)He had studied French for four years _ he came here.2)He fell ill three days _before可接完成时，ago过去时有限before/afterbefore/afterbefore/afterago/laterago/laterago/laterbeforeago153.to till/until1)They worked from five _ ten2)Lets start now
11、 and work _ dark3)He usually pays me on Friday but last week he didnt pay me _ the fol-lowing Monday4)Well stay here _ it stops rainingfrom.to till/until not.untiltotill/untiltill/untiltill/until164.from,since,for1)She is singing_ morning to night.2)He has been here_ Monday3)He left school in 1983I
12、havent seen him _ then4)I havent seen Tom _ two years.5)He travelled in the desert _ six monthsfrom和to不可分；since只用完成时,从句常是一般过去时for常接一段时间fromsincesinceforfor175.by+时间“在这一时刻或者是在这一时刻之前”，且常常可以和完成时连用火车6点10分发车，所以你最好在6点之前到达火车站。The train starts at 610，so you had better be at the station by 600.到7月底我将已把那些书全读完
13、了。By the end of July Ill have read all those books186.during in within1)I learned a lot _ the holiday/my stay there.2)She was born _ 1997.3)Mr Black visited our school _ 2009,not 20084)They worked hard.They finished the work _ 2 days at last.During和in两者在一般情况下可以相互替换，但是强调动作的延续性时候常用during，而强调动作发生在段时间中的
14、某一点时候常用in，同时，当表示对比的时候，常用in。within强调的是不超过.，在之内Duringininwithin197.over+时间时间 强调强调“过完过完”，有时表示，有时表示“一边边一边”他的孙儿孙女们将在这过完周末。His grandchildren will stay over the weekends.他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。They chatted over a cup of coffee.8.throughout强调强调“从头至尾”，“至始至至始至终”整个会议过程中他一句话都没有说。He kept silent throughout the meeting.209.t
15、owards+时间 表示“接近，快到”快到半夜了他们才离开。They left towards midnight.注：1)Our teacher is very patient towards us.2)The little boy ran towards his mother.towards 还可表示对待(某人)和(朝)方向相当于to212.in+时间段 在之后（内），多用于将来时after+时间段 在之后，多用于过去时1.Mr Brown has gone to Canada.He willbe back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in2.Our manage
16、r came back _ an hour.A.in B.after C.at3.They have been here _ an hour.A.for B.after C.in22第二类第二类 表示方位的介词表示方位的介词231.in at1)He lives _ a great city while his parents live _ a village.2)There is a shop _the corner of the street.3)He hid the book _ the corner of the desk.4).He was swimming _ the lake.5
17、).They were walking _ the lake.小地方at,大地方in;at表附近，in表里注意：at seainininatatat242.in into1)I poured the beer _ the cup.2)He put his hands _ his pockets.3)Someone must have broken _.into常常表示进入.；而in一般无此用3.in to on1)Taiwan lies _ the east of China 2)Taiwan is _ the southeast of Fujian.3)China faces the Pac
18、ific _ the east.in内to外，on表接壤intointoinintoon254.on above over;below under1)There is a lake_ the village,further down the valley.2)Theres a bridge _ the river.3)Theres a bag _ the desk.above,below斜上/下方，over,under垂直上/下方，on是一般要接触They are children abovesix years old.In the company,Dick ranks aboveTom He
19、 considered himself abovedoing such things.above还可表年龄、职位和不屑The car is underrepair.under还可以表示正在之中under discussion/constructionbelowoveron265.beneath太阳此刻落到地平线下了。The sun is now beneath the horizonbeneath 可以代替underHe is beneath his brother intellectually.He considered that job beneath him beneath也可表抽象和比
20、喻“低于”“不适合”276.through,across,over,by1)He went _ the forest by himself.2)He walked _ me without speaking.3)You must be careful when you walk _ the road.4)He jumped _ the wall?across(从物体表面)跨越,越过?through(从物体中间)穿透,穿越?over (从物体上面）跃过?by 在.旁边throughbyacrossover28across(从物体表面)跨越,越过through(从物体中间)穿透,穿越over (从
21、物体上面）跃过297.to at1)He shouted _ me with anger.2)He shouted _ me so that I could hear him.at 侧重是攻击，to一般是善意come to/at talk to/atpresent(a knife)to/atatto308.between,among1).The girl sits _ Jane and Mary.2).The teacher is standing _ the students.between 是两，among 是大于等于三注：1)She takes some medicine _ three
22、 meals.三者以上事物,把这些事物分别看待，强调两两之间的时候仍用between2)I am _ the top students.among还可表示包括在其中=be included inbetweenamong319.beyond 在的那一边山那边是一片浓密的森林。Beyond the mountains is a thick forest.注：1)Its benefits go beyond this.2)Dont stay there beyond the visiting hours.3)The road continues beyond the village upinto t
23、he hill.beyond还可以表示超出.范围beyond the ordinary/the age of 20/ones reach/ones description/ones grasp3210.against 表示靠着，依着他的办公桌靠墙放着。His desk lies against the wall.注：1)We bought some warm clothes against the coming winter 2)The little red house looks so beautiful againstthe green woods.3)She has said nothi
24、ng against you.4)It is against the school rules to speak in class.against还可以表示预防，以为背景，不利于，违反等意思3311.along 沿着，顺着沿着长平路一直往前走,穿过两个十字路口后你就会发现沃尔玛超市在你的左手边.WalkalongChangping Road and go acrosstwo crossings.And then you will find the Wal-Mart Market is onyour left.注：1).Come alongwith us.2).Get alongwell wit
25、h others.along还可以表示“和.一起”3412.off (从从上上)移开、落下、离开see/take/set/fall.off在(离岸边不远的)海面;与相距islands off the coastThe ship sank off the harbor.注：注：1)My hometown is more than 1,000 off.2)The day for CEE is about 200 days off.空间或时间上的相距3)I will be off tomorrow.离开或休假4)The electricity is off.断电断电5)He offered to t
26、ake 10%off the price.低于.;折价35第三类第三类 和原因有关的介词和原因有关的介词1.for表示原因经常用在一些固定搭配中：thank/forgive/reward/admirefor2.with 后面接词或短语他们欣喜若狂。They were wild with joy.tremble with fear/laughter/coldbe tired with/hands are rough with work3.at 常放在表示情绪变化的此后be shocked at/puzzled at/amused at/delighted at/angry at sth36in
27、用材料、语言、声音、现金等用材料、语言、声音、现金等with 用具体的工具、身体器官等（有形的）用具体的工具、身体器官等（有形的）by 用方式、方法、手段（无形的）用方式、方法、手段（无形的）;交通通讯工具交通通讯工具1.My mother often go to work _ bike.2.If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow,please tell me _ phone.3.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _ a piece of chalk.
28、4.Can you say it _ English?5.Please pay _ cash.6.My American friend is learning to eat _ chopsticks.7.One smells _his nose.第四类表示方式、手段的介词bybyinwithininwithwith37注注:by+交通工具的名词=in/on+冠词冠词+交通工具by bike=on a bike by bus=on a bus by car=in a car但是on foot 例外例外38第五类第五类表示除外的介词表示除外的介词1.but 表示排除,多与nobody,none,n
29、o one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who 等连用。当but前有do的任何形式，后接动词原形。2.besides 表示包含,除.之外还有.3.except 表示排除,除.之外。指的是同一类中除去其他个体。4.except for 表示除去整体中的部分,指的是同一物中除去例外的一部分“只是,只不过”5.apart from=except/besides 391.There is no one here _ me.2.Last night I did nothing _ watch TV.3.We go there every day _Sunday.4.The
30、 composition is quite good _ the spelling.5._ basketball,I like playing Pingpang.6.You have no choice _ to wait.7.Li Long is a good student _ his laziness.butbutexceptexcept forBesidesbutexcept for40第六类第六类 表示所属关系的介词表示所属关系的介词to,of,forto,of,for1)Have you got the key _ the lock?2)Do you know the answer
31、 _ the question?3)He broke one leg _ the table.4)Are you used to the customs _ the country?5)There is not enough food _ supper.6)I have two tickets _ the film.to key、answer、reply、invitation、Monument、note、exit、entrances、bridge、road、way、solution、visit of 表“所有”关系。(即:介词of前的事物是后面事物不可分割的部分)for 表“适合”关系.(即:
32、介词for前的事物只适合后面这一特定事物)totoofofforfor41第七类表示关于的on和about1)The teacher told us a story _ Lei Feng.2)Were going to listen to a lecture _ African history this afternoon.on与about 一般情况下，二者可以互相替换。about 常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是一般用语，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等on 多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性abouton42第八类第八类 表示增加或减少表示增加或减少1)Compared with las
33、t year,the price has risen _ 30%.2)The population has increased from 1.2milion _ 1.8 million.by表示在原有的基础上增加或减少 了to表示总数增加或减少到.byto43第九类第九类表示价格表示价格,比率比率,标准标准,速度的介词速度的介词at 表示价值，价格,比率或速度,表单价.for 表示交换,指总价钱by 表示度量单位或标准.后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the.数词或复数名词前不加.1.We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr.2.I bought
34、these books _ 5 dollars each.3.I bought these books _ 30 dollars.4.He is paid _ the week.atatforby44第十类第十类as,likeHe has been playing tennisasa professional for two years.He plays tennis likea professional.The wine improves withage.Do asI do.as:介词?作为，如同连词?随着;按照 with-介词 随着”like:介词?像，跟.一样 unlike;“比如”动词
35、?喜欢 dislike1.随着时间的流逝，她原谅了他。As time went by,she forgave him.With time going by,she forgave him.2._a student,you should study hard.3._many students,he studies hard.AsLike451.The old man cannot walk _a stick.2.We got there _any trouble.3.It wasnt very polite of you to serve yourself _asking.4.We were _
36、electricity for three hours but its on again now.withoutwithoutwithoutwithout461.without+宾语+形容词All the things in his house were stolen without the door open.他屋里的所有东西都被偷了，而门没有打开。2.without+宾语+副词Id be lost without you here.没有你在这儿，我会一筹莫展。3.without+宾语+介词短语I dont like sweet coffee;I like it better without
37、 sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡，里边不加糖我更喜欢。4.without+宾语+动名词He left without saying goodbye.没说再见，他就走了。5.without+宾语+不定式It was boring to sit there without anything to do.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了。6.without+宾语+过去分词Without any problem solved,they left.没有解决任何问题，他们就走了。第十一类第十一类用于复合结构的用于复合结构的withoutwithout471.With+n./pron.+adj.He
38、went to bed with the door open.2.With+n/pron.+adv.She left the classroom with all the lights on.3.With+n/pron.+prep.PhraseMother came home with a basket in her hand.4.With+n/pron.+doingJack lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.5.With+n/pron.+to doWith her husband to help her,she will wo
39、rk it out.6.With+n./pron.+p.p.The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.48例1：_ fire,all exits must be kept clear.A.In place of B.Instead of C.In case of D.In spite of例2：I have offered to paint the house _ a week s accommodationA.In exchange for B.with regard to C.by means of D.
40、in place of例3:_ your advice,I would have been caught in the traffic and I wouldn t have been there on time.A.In spite of B.But for C.Because of D.As forACB介词短语的辨析考查介词短语的辨析考查49介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配介词与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配例1：How different my hometown is _ what it was ten years ago!A.from B.at C.with D.by例2：scienti
41、sts are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health.A.of;at B.by;in C.of;on D.on;atAC50“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中的运用例:The author _ Beijing University _ all of us are familiar will pay a visit to our company.A.from;whom B.in;to whom C.from;with whom D.in;whoC解题指导：对于介词与其他词的搭配，除了掌握一些常
42、见的搭配外，要善于从句中找出搭配形式，特别是分割开了的搭配形式；要注意还原短语，选出需用的介词。51分词形式的介词considering（就而论）given（如果有,考虑到）including（包括）concerning（关于）例1:_ his old age,he is healthy enough.A.Considered B.To consider C.Considering D.consider例2:_ his support,I think we will win the election.A.If B.Given C.Giving D.HaveCB52in addition to=
43、besides 除以外，还有in case of 万一发生in common with 与有共同之处，与相同in face of 面对in time of 在时候in danger of 处于的危险中in defence of 为了保护牢记下列常见的复合介词53in need/want of 需要in short of 缺in favour of 有利于in exchange for 以交换in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为了尊敬in praise of 为了赞美in charge of 负责in the charge of 由负责54in possession o
44、f 拥有in the possession of 由拥有in search of 为了寻找in touch with 和保持联系in preparation for 为作准备in place of 代替，而不是in hopes for/in the hope of 希望in the course of 在的过程中in the habit of 在的习惯中55in front of 在的前面in the front of 在的前部in the form of 以的形式in the name of 以名义in relation to 与相关；in reply to 作为对的回答in answer
45、to 作为对的回应in regard to 关于/至于in return for 作为对的回报56in spite of 尽管in support of 支持in terms of 就而言in harmony with 与和谐in line with 与一致/符合in payment for 为了偿还according to 依据，根据owing to 因为because of 因为on account of 因为57by means of 凭借thanks to 多亏了as for/to 至于due to 由于apart from 除以外except for 除了(整体的某个不足的部分)58
46、regardless of 不管contrary to 与相反on behalf of 代表but for 要不是out of date 过期的out of place 不合适的；不相称的out of order 出故障的59与动词搭配：devote to 为作贡献dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞adaptto 适应adjust to 调节以适应attach to 把粘贴到上oweto 把归功于注意下列带介词的词组60（2）on的搭配难点词组：depend/rely on 依赖于be hard on sb.对某人苛刻be on a research team 研究队中的一员take
47、on 雇佣；呈现注意下列带介词的词组61（3）over 可以表示“在某事/活动进行的过程中”，如：over a cup of coffee 在喝咖啡的时候；over lunch 在吃中餐的时候注意下列带介词的词组62（4）考生要熟悉多个“形容词+介词”的词组以及“be done+介词(done已经形容词化，表示状态)”；如：be consciousof 意识到be aware of 意识到；明白be worthy of 值得；配得上be absent from 缺席be present at 出席注意下列带介词的词组63be busy with sth.忙于be busy in doing s
48、th.忙于做be anxious about 为担心be ashamed of 因而惭愧be suspiciousof 怀疑be different from 与不同be similar to 与相似注意下列带介词的词组64be familiar with sth.熟悉某物be fond of 喜爱be strict with sb.对某人严格be strict in sth.在某方面严格be popular with 受到的欢迎be tired of 厌倦be lost in 迷失在专心于be related to 与有关注意下列带介词的词组6566以下为一些介词的特殊用法：以下为一些介词的
49、特殊用法：介词in1.在阳光、灯光、树荫下，雨中，穿衣服在阳光、灯光、树荫下，雨中，穿衣服in the light/the rain/uniform/disguise/irons2.表示状态和心情in power/ruins/rags/tears/holes/flower ages/love/debt/anger/good health/hope/sorrow/confusion.介词on1.收音、农场、值日、队伍、委员、董事onon the radio/the wireless/TV/the phone/a farm/duty/the team2.依靠 依赖depend/live/rely/
50、base/feed.on3.在进行之中67on the march/fire/strike/sale/show/display/business/a trip/leave特殊：on purpose/time/schedule/sb(某人支付)介词at1.在山脚下、门口、目前；以的速度、速率；日出、日落；温度；价格等等用atat the foot/bottom/gate of./the door/present/a speed of/a rate of/ten degrees/a good price/a great cost/the cost of.2.开始和结束at the beginnin
