1、 同学们，初中阶段的八种时态八种时态我们已经学完了。时态表示的是动作在什么样的时间之下发生的，强调的是时间概念，所以关于这八种时态的各自时间状语大家一定要记准。语态是动词的一种形式，表示语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语主语和和动词动词之间的关之间的关系。系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。动词的主语是动作的动词的主语是动作的执行者执行者，而被动语，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的态动词的主语是动作的承受者承受者。是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有有及物动词及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。才有被动语态，不
2、及物动词没有被动语态。英语语态英语语态表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are+donewas/were+doneam/is/are being+donewas/were being+doneshall/will be+donewould be+donehave/has been+donehad been+done结构是必须背结构是必须背下来的。下来的。结构为结构为：情态动词情态动词+be+动词的过去分词动
3、词的过去分词一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 宾变主宾变主,主变宾主变宾,前加前加by“被被”(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语短语)。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.ar
4、ewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+宾语宾语.by them.把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，态不能变。如，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词被动句时作介词byby的宾语，要用宾格。如主语的宾语，要用宾格。如
5、主语wewe改为改为usus。把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句 Lily writes many letters every day.(主动主动)They visited this farm last year.（主动）（主动）We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主动）（主动）Many letters are writtenby Lily every day.This farm was visitedby them last year.3000 English words have been learned by us so far
6、.Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom.Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom.He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him.当句中有当句中有时间状语时间状语或者或者地点状语地点状语时，时，时间状语或者地点状语位置放在哪呢？时间状语或者地点状语位置放在哪呢？如：如：They make shoes in that factory.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动
7、词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made by them in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词注意：当时间状语和地点状语都出现时，时间状语放在句子注意：当时间状语和地点状语都出现时，时间状语放在句子最末尾。最末尾。4Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情态动词：情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词“We must put them in the fridge.”The d
8、ogs thought.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys h
9、ave been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on th
10、e floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3.We found the ticket on the floor.5.His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now comp
11、uters _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used使让动词的被动语态后面要接使让动词的被动语态后面要接to do.即：即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9.T
12、he foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in
13、this factory.was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do t
14、hey often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them1、被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。、被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。2、不及物动词没有被动语态。、不及物动词没有被动语态。3、带双宾语的动词变被动语态有两种方法。、带双宾语的动词变被动语态有两种方法。4、连系动词连系动词+adj,用用主动式表被动义主动式表被动义。5、表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被
15、动义。在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。一些一些(let,have,make等)或或(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，但改为被动语态时，要要补上补上to。如：。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.The workers
16、 are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room eve
17、ry day.注意注意 当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时，时，doingdoing保持不变。保持不变。如：如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动)使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthl
18、et sb do sthsb be let to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sth1.We plant many trees every year.Many trees are planted by us every year.2.His mother made him wash his own clothes at t
19、he age of 10.He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.1.被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。He has thought of a way of solving the problem.What happened?(对）对）What was happened?（错）（错）A way of solving the problem has been thought of.2.happen/take place/arrive/become/die等等 不不及物动词没有被
20、动语态及物动词没有被动语态3.带双宾语的动词带双宾语的动词give/send/bring/take/teach/show/tell/make/sing/write/sell/buy/ask/pay/borrow/lend变被动语态有两种变被动语态有两种方法：方法：（2）=The book has been given to him.（1）=He has been given the book.I have given him the book.表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主动主动式表被动义式表被动义。5)表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj
21、,用用主动式主动式表被动义表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,.)The steel feels coldThis kind of cloth feels soft.That dog looks dangerous.表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动用主动式表被动义义6)表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。(read,write,set
22、,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,.)The pen writes smoothlyThe cloth washes well.The poem reads smoothly.The book sells well.This shirt will wear very long.The floor doesnt clean easily.This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.They set up the factory in 2000.The fact
23、ory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December.The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.People have talked about the accident.The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year.Your study should be paid mo
24、re attention to this year.有些动词可以带两个宾语，即有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾指人的间宾和和指物的直宾指物的直宾。可以将其中一。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday.She was bought a new computer yesterday.A new computer was bought for her yesterday.They have given me some good advice.I have
25、 been given some good advice.Some good advice has been given to me.She will write a long letter to David Smith.A long letter will be written to David Smith.David Smith will be written a long letter.buy sth for sbgive sth to sbgive,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,sendgive,buy,sell,take,bring,
26、make,hand,pass,keep,send等带双宾等带双宾语语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词toto或或for.for.give sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthbring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sthhand s
27、th to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sthsend sth to sb=send sb sth 例：例：He passed me some paper.(主动主动)Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动）（被动）You must keep some fruit for him.(主动主动)Some fruit must be kept for him.（被动）（被动）翻译下列句子电视机关掉了。电视机关掉了。The TV set was turned of
28、f.2.那小偷被抓住了。那小偷被抓住了。The thief was caught.3.所有的窗户都被打破了。所有的窗户都被打破了。All the windows were broken.Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.1、Tea _ (grow)in Fujian.2、Chinese _ (speak)in China.3、The bed _ (use)for sleeping.4、Our classroom _ (clean)every day.5、The cars _ (make)in Beijing.is grownis spokeni
29、s usedis cleanedare made归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、”来进来进 行。即：行。即：变变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动动 语态的主语改为被动语态的介词语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。的宾语。套套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：例：Many people speak English.English by many people.He washed his shoes y
30、esterday.His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一变一变 二套二套三注意三注意各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原动词原形形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去分词4过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过
31、去分词过去分词5现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句1.The boy cleaned the desk a
32、moment ago.The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago.2.We will plant 2000 trees next year.2000 trees will be planted by us next year.3.You must keep the room clean and tidy.The room must be kept clean and tidy by you.4.The police have caught the thief.The thief has been caught by the police.5.The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill.The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.
