1、宾语从句课件与讲解宾语从句课件与讲解 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句一、什么是宾语从句？试比较二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序(人称人称)时时 态态Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the e
2、arth goes around the sun.Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight.Find out the Object Clauses We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）2.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词和连接副词 where,how
3、,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。充当句子成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is?（谁的，作定语）（谁的，作定语）2)Could you tell me why the train is late?（为（为什么，作状语）什么，作状语）3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，（谁，作主语）作主语）注：注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.I he
4、ar(that)he will be back in an hour.1.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词3.由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.I want to know if/whether she is right.They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not.if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 表示表示“是否是否”之义，在句中之义，在句中不充当句子成份。不充当句子成份。if/whether可互换可互换,但但wheth
5、eror not为固定搭配为固定搭配.看一看：看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains,Ill stay at home.I want to know when he will come back.When he comes back,please tell me.想一想：想一想：when和和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？点？whenwhen和和if if 既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句，也可以引导，也可以引导状语从句状语从句。在宾语。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语
6、从句中，遵循从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现主将从现的的原则原则。I dont know _ he will come or not.I dont care of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided.及及or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether及及to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况注
7、意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况1.当or not 紧随连词之后时。如：I dont know whether or not he will come on time.我不知道他能否按时来。2.从句用作介词宾语时。如：I am interested in whether he joined the army.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。3.在带to的动词不定式前。如：She doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。4.当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：Whether
8、this is true or not,Im not sure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。Practice time选择选择 if/whether。1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I wonder _ he is well.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况 1.引导条件状语从句If he r
9、uns fast,hell get there on time.Ill go to see you if I have time.2.引导否定的宾语从句Tell me if it is not going to rain,please.时时态态条件状语从句：条件状语从句：主将从现主将从现宾语从句：宾语从句：根据需要用相应时态根据需要用相应时态宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分His brother asks when he will go to the library.I dont know what he wanted to
10、buy.主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）即：即：助动词不能放在主语前面助动词不能放在主语前面。改一改改一改 将下列问句变成陈述句。1.Can he swim?swim.2.Does he have a pen?a pen.3.Which place did he go to?Which place .4.Whats wrong with you?.5.What happened to you?.6.Which is the way to the 想一想想一想 为什么4，5，6 语序不变？He canHe hashe went toWhat happened
11、to youWhats wrong with you 说一说说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。Which is the way to the station Whats wrong?Whats the matter?Whats happening?Who is over there？注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what,who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：eg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Ca
12、n you tell me who he is?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by th
13、e end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1)H
14、e will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来
15、时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.I hear they _ (return)it already.4.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)will
16、be goes have returned had been risesPractice time 3.3.如果宾语从句表示客观真理、普遍原理、自然现象、如果宾语从句表示客观真理、普遍原理、自然现象、公式定理、名言警句、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种公式定理、名言警句、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。时态，从句一律用一般现在时。（特殊性原则）（特殊性原则）He told me(that)Summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told m
17、e(that)no news is good news.比一比比一比宾语从句的简化宾语从句的简化 1.当主句谓语动词是hope,agree,choose,wish,decide 等，其后用that引导的宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结 构。如：He agreed that he could help me with my English.He agreed to help me with my English.2.当主句谓语动词为see,hear,watch,find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构，宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词。如：
18、I heard that she sang some songs in the next room.I heard her sing some songs in the next room.3.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语及主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should do.I dont know what to do.比一比 I dont know where I should go.Tell me how I can do it.I dont know where to go.Tell me how to
19、do it.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词+to do 的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主 (2).主(间间)宾从主练一练1.I dont know what I shall do next.(变为简单句）I dont know next.2.John didnt decide which book he would buy.(变为简单句）John didnt decide .3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?(变为复合句）Can you tell me the bus stop?4.Please tell
20、Lucy how to use the MP5.(变为复合句）Can you tell Lucy the MP5.宾语从句及简单句的转换What to dowhich book to buyhow I can get to how she can use宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词为think,suppose,guess,believe,imagine等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。其反意疑问句看从句。如：He wont come tomorrow.I believe.I dont believe that he will come tomorrow.
21、I dont think this dress fits you well,does it?我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？I dont think you are right，are you?我认为你是错的,是吗？I dont believe you will finish the work today,will you?我认为你今天无法完成工作,是吗？Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He tol
22、d me that winter was colder than autumn.4 Do you know who car it is?wasiswhose六六.课堂检测课堂检测Could you tell me?A.where the twins were B.where the twins are C where are the twins D.where were the twinsA:Do you know?B:Yes,he came here by train.A.when he came here B.if he will come here C.why he came here
23、D.how he came here3.She says she English for ten years.A.learned B.has learned C.was learning D.have learned4.The teacher told us that the earth round.A.was B.is C.will be D.would be 5.Tell me .A.what wrong is with him B.whats wrong to him C.what the matter is with him D.whats the matter with him6.M
24、y friend asked me .A.who is the girl B.who the girl wasC.who was the girl D.who the girl.Choose the right answers.BDBBDB宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去
25、完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结()1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A.if B.that C.weather D.whether()2.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which()3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time tomorrow.A.that B.i
26、f C.when D.what time()4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whether D.that()5.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station()6.Please tell me _.A.what does he l
27、ike B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like()7.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you live()8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is()9.Could you tell me how long _?A.you h
28、ave bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China()10.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go 将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I
29、asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meet
30、ing?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“
31、Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.宾语从句宾语从句专项练习专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2.Light
32、 travels faster than sound.My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ _ faster than sound.3.Will there be a meeting in five days?Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.thatwerethattravelsifwould be4Can they speak French?I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5A
33、re the children playing games?Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet?Mr.Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr.Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture?Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?how many people you can seeIf/whet
34、her they can speak If/whether are playingif/whether he hadfinished his8Where did she park her car?Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about?The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly?I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so
35、 loudly.11.Does he still live in that street?I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street.if/whether livedwhere she parked what he talked who knocked12.Whats his name?I asked him.I asked him what _ _ _.13.When does the train arrive?Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14.Do they want fried c
36、hicken?He asked the boys.He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15.Was the watch made in Shanghai?I dont know.I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.if/whether waswhat his names when the train arrivesif/whether wanted二、选择填空。1.What did Mike say?He said _.A.if you are free the next week B.what c
37、olour was itC.the weather is fine D.summer comes after spring2.Tom asked my friend _.A.where was he from B.that the earth is bigger than the moonC.when did he come back D.not to be so angry3.Let me tell you _.A.how much is the car B.how much does the car cost C.how much did I pay for the car D.how m
38、uch I spent on the car4.Peter knew_.A.whether he has finished reading the book B.why the boy had so many questionsC.there were 12 months in a year D.when they will leave for Paris5.Could you tell me _?A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in6.I can
39、t understand _the boy alone.A.why she left B.why did she leave C.why she had left D.why had she left7.She told me the sun _ in the east.A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D.why he got9.The manager came up to see _
40、A.what was the matter B.what the matter was C.what the matter is D.whats the matter10.He asked his father _.A.where it happens B.where did it happen C.how it happened D.how did it happen11.No one tells us_,so we need your help.A.how we should do B.what should we do C.how to do it D.what to do it12.C
41、ould you please teach me _ the computer.A.how check B.to check C.how to check D.to how checking13.They dont know _their parents are.A.that B.what C.why D.which14.Where do you think _ he _ the TV set?Sorry,Ive no idea.A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.did bought15.Our homework has changed a lot.Who
42、 can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A.how,another B.what,more C.how,other D.what,another16.Could you tell me _?Yes.He _ to the USA.A.where is he/has been B.where he is/has gone C.where was he/has been D.where he was/has gone17.Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.Yes.But if it _,well v
43、isit the museum instead.A.you have/will rain B.you will have/will rain C.you will have/rains D.will you have/rains18.I really dont know if she _ it when she _.A.finds/arrives B.finds/will arrive C.will find/will arrive D.will find/arrives19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmast
44、ers desk.A.that B.where C.which D.what20.He asked me _.A.who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B.when was the APEC meeting heldC.when China became a member of the WTOD.where the 2008 Olympics will be held21.In the bookshop,a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interestin
45、g book.A.that B.how C.what D.if22.You must remember _.A.what your teacher said B.what did your teacher sayC.your teacher said what D.what has your teacher said23.I dont know _.A.which room I can live B.which room can I live C.which room I can live in D.which room can I live in24.Do you know when he
46、_ back?Sorry,I dont.When he _back,Ill tell you.A.comes;comes B.comes;will come C.will come;comes D.will come;will come25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.
47、had never been27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A.had B.has C.will have D.are28.Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where30.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.what B.w
48、hen C.why D.how三、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how,why）2.Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who,whom）3.She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that,if）4.He always thinks _ he can do better.（how,who）5.I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how
49、long,how soon）6.They dont know _ to go or wait.(if,whether)7.We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow.(whether,if)8.I was really surprised at _ I saw.(where,what)9.I dont know _ so many people are looking at him.(how,why)10.Do you know _ you are studying for?(why,what)四、句型转换1.“Do you want to try
50、 it?”Toms mother asked him.(同义句)Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2.I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）I _ _ this _ a good idea.3.Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.4.I dont know how I can get to the hospital.I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.5.I dont suppose
