1、 主主 谓谓 宾宾 状状（定语）（定语）（同位语）（同位语）（定语）（定语）形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语副，介词短语,非谓语动词或句子非谓语动词或句子非谓语做定语非谓语做定语 定语从句定语从句名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子非谓语动词做主语非谓语动词做主语主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句主谓一致、时态、语态主谓一致、时态、语态非谓语动词做宾语、非谓语动词做宾语、定语从句定语从句各种各种状语从句状语从句.非谓语动词非谓语动词主语、宾语忽和表语主语、宾语忽和表语.1.在河里面游泳是一件令人感到非常愉快的事情。在河里面游泳是一件令人感到非
2、常愉快的事情。2.抽烟有害健康。抽烟有害健康。3.掌握一门外语是有必要的。掌握一门外语是有必要的。4.我喜欢听流行音乐。我喜欢听流行音乐。5.他的爱好是踢足球。他的爱好是踢足球。体会非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语体会非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.It is necessary to master a foreign language.I enjoy listening to popular music.His hobby is playing footb
3、all.由此可见，非谓语动词除了可以充当定语以外，由此可见，非谓语动词除了可以充当定语以外，还可以在句中充当主语、宾语和表语。还可以在句中充当主语、宾语和表语。1.非谓语动词做主语的情况讲解。非谓语动词做主语的情况讲解。2.非谓语动词做宾语的情况讲解。非谓语动词做宾语的情况讲解。3.非谓语动词做表语的情况讲解。非谓语动词做表语的情况讲解。4.非谓语动词的结构。非谓语动词的结构。5.动名词和不定式的区分。动名词和不定式的区分。6.动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构。归纳归纳.不定式结构不定式结构 主动式主动式 被动式被动式一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have
4、 done to have been done进行式进行式 to be doing 无无完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing 无无.主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedone.用法讲解用法讲解一、做主语一、做主语1.1.不定式不定式 A A 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：(1)To see is to believe.(2)To maste
5、r English gives us much help in the study of sience.B B 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it it作形式主语，不定式放在作形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：(1)It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do (2)It is+adj.+for sb.+to do It is easy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessary (3)it is+a+名词名词+to do.It is a pi
6、ty/a pleasure/a pleasant thing/ones duty/an honor/a shame/a crime/no easy job to do It is impossible for him to give up smoking.2.动名词做主语 Learning without practice is no good.动名词作主语时动名词作主语时,也常用也常用It句式句式.如如:Its+no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing Its no good reading in dim light.Its n
7、o use sitting here waiting.Its+形容词形容词+doing Its dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.这样用的形容词有这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等等,但但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构则不适用于这种结构,应用不定应用不定式式 代替代替,如如:Its important for you to keep fit.There is no+doing There is no saying what will happen next.在这一结构中在这一结构中,动名词
8、后常带宾语动名词后常带宾语,相当于相当于Its impossible to结构结构.动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动经常表示抽象动 作作,经常不与特定的动作执经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起行者联系在一起.如如:Its no good eating too much fat.Its no good for you to eat so much fat.动名词结构作主语动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属
9、格可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语形式作逻辑主语.如如:Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules.常用常用-ing-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时是浪费时间的间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的做是没用处的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值是值得的得的 There is no sense in doing 做做没有道理没有道理 There is/was no
10、use doing 干干无意义无意义 There is/was no point doing 干干无意义无意义 在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换不大，但下列情况不能互换.不定式作宾语 以下动词后以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语只能跟不定式作宾语.如如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等等,这些词大部分可接这些词大
11、部分可接that引导的从句引导的从句.如如:I decided to ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to start back on foot.I mean to go there at once.二、做宾语二、做宾语.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语先用形式宾语it代替代替不定式不定式,把不定式置于补语之后把不定式置于补语之后,即即:句型为句型为“主语主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词形
12、容词/名词名词+to do sth”。.如如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.介词介词but,except,besides+to do(do)在这种句型中在这种句型中,如介词前有动词如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带后面应接不带to的不的不定式定式;如无如无do,则接则接to不定式不定式,即带即带do不带不带to,带带to不带不带do.如如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to
13、 give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语 以下动词后以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语只能接动名词作宾语,如如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,dont mind,give up,insist,on,put off等等.如如:I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seasi
14、de town.You must give up smoking,for it does too much harm to your health.动名词作介词的宾语动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech 动名词前的介词有时可以省略动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如如:have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no t
15、i me(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等等.不定式和动名词的区分不定式和动名词的区分:1.部分动词后面部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式既可接动词不定式,也可接动名也可接动名 作宾语作宾语,意义不变意义不变.如如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等等.2.在在need,require,want后接后接-ing形式形式,表示被动意义表示被动意义,也可接不定式也可接不定式,但要用被动形式但要用被动形式,如如:Your handwriting n
16、eeds improving.Your handwriting needs to be improved.3.部分动词后接不定式或动名词时部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大意义差别较大,应根应根据句子语境选择使用据句子语境选择使用.forget,remember,regret后接不定式后接不定式,表示现在或未表示现在或未来的动作来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生接动名词表示动作已经发生.如如:Dont forget to post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport Remember t
17、o close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 doing 意味着意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a l
18、ot of money.try to do 设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 doing 试着做某事试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.stop to do 停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语)doing 停止做某事停止做某事 On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.Youd better stop arguing and do as
19、you are told.cant help doing 禁不住禁不住 to do不能帮助干不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I cant help to make up the room for you.go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事做不同的事或不同内容的事 doing 继续不停地做某事继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.Well go on fig
20、hting so long as there is oppression in the world.leave off to do 离开某地去干什么离开某地去干什么(目的状语目的状语)doing停下某事停下某事 Its time to leave off talking and to start acting.They left off to go fishing.三、做表语三、做表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为示抽象的一般行为.To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel
21、to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件其含义一是条件,一是结果一是结果(例例).当主语是当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组等为中心词的名词词组(例例)时时,或以或以what引导的名词性分句引导的名词性分句(例例),不定不定 式说明
22、主语的式说明主语的内容内容.Our work is serving the people.What he likes is taking a walk after supper.The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普
23、通格。如：用普通格。如：His coming made me very happy.Marys crying annoyed him.She didnt mind his（him）crying.Is there any hope of Xiao Wangs winning?He insists on the plan being carried out.四、动名词的复合结构四、动名词的复合结构.1.Dusk _(find)lily_(cry)in the street because of hunger.2.Mike works at a garage and so spends much t
24、ime _(lie)under motorcars.3.“A party!”she cried,“I love _(ask)to parties.4.Be careful while crossing the street.Dont forget _(knock)over by a bike last week.foundcryinglyingbeing askedbeing knocked.5.Ill consider _(see)Mr.Bush at the office this afternoon,but Im not sure if I have the time.6.If no o
25、ne answer the front door,why not try_(knock)at the back door.7.I really regret _(waste)so much time_(play)TV-video games.8.He didnt not feel well and suggested _(give)a good medical examination.seeingknockingwastingplayingbeing given.9.Football seems _(excite)to most of the boy.10.I cant help _(feel
26、)anxious about his health.11.I apologize for _(not keep)my promise.12.I dont think its much good _(write)to him.excitingfeelingnot having keptwriting.13.I am sorry for _(give)you so much trouble.14.There is one more point which is worth_(mention)15.The more unknown a man is,the more he enjoys _(know
27、).16.Do you feel like _(dine)out or would you rather _(have)dinner at home?having givenmentioningbeing knowndininghave.1.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be sat D.be sat on2.Im hungry.Get me something _.A.eat B.to eat C.to be eat D.for eating3.It i
28、s difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese.A.write B.to write C.to be written D.written4.I have no more letters _,thank you.A.to type B.typing C.to be typed D.typed 小测试二小测试二BBBC.5.The car is rather difficult _.A.to repair B.to be repaired C.repairing D.being repaired6.He was nowhere _.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen7.She had no money _ a birthday present for their children.A.to buy B.to be bought C.bought D.buying8.We waited for the work _.A.done B.being done C.to do D.to be done ABAD.
