1、专八专八-英美文学知识英美文学知识 考点分析考点分析&主要知识点概括主要知识点概括英美文学考点分析英美文学考点分析一一.对著名诗人、作家的写作特点或著名作品进行考查。对著名诗人、作家的写作特点或著名作品进行考查。Eg 1:_ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.（2010 真题）A.William BlakeB.W.B.YeatsC.Robert BrowningD.William Wordsworth答案：C.戏剧独白诗William Blake：song of innocence,民主思想；W
2、illiam Yeats：Irish literature leader，founded the Abbey Theatre William Wordsworth：romantic poet,lake poet,with Samuel Taylor Coleridge the lyrical Lyrical Ballads;英美文学考点分析英美文学考点分析2.The Financier is written by .A.Mark Twain.B.Henry James.C.William Faulkner.D.Theodore Dreiser.答案：D.Theodore Dreiser 代表作
3、Sister Carrie，the Financier,American tragedy英美文学考点分析英美文学考点分析 二二.对文学术语的考查。对文学术语的考查。Eg 1：In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as 。A.allegory.B.sonnet.C.blank verse.D.rhyme.答案：A.Allegory指寓言故事，是含有讽喻或明显教育意义的故事Sonnet“十四行诗”“商籁体”,由两节四行诗和两节三行诗组成，每行11个音节.blank verse“无韵体诗”，英
4、语格律诗的一种。每行用五个长短格音步和十个音节组成，每首行数不拘，不押韵。rhyme指的是“押韵”，英文诗一般都押韵英美文学考点分析英美文学考点分析2.refers to a long narrative narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nations history.A.Ballad B.Romance C.Epic D.Elegy答案：C.2.refers to a long narrative narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in
5、a nations history.A.Ballad B.Romance C.Epic D.Elegy答案：C.“史诗”，一般叙述英雄历险故事，如：The odyssey 奥德赛是古希腊史诗。ballad“民谣，民歌；叙事歌谣”；romance“传奇小说，爱情小说”；elegy“哀歌，挽歌”英美文学考点分析英美文学考点分析三三.对作品内涵、文学时代特色的考查。对作品内涵、文学时代特色的考查。Eg 1:Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century?A.The Great Gatsby B.The Su
6、n Also RisesC.The Sound and the FuryD.Beyond the Horizon答案：答案：A.The Great Gatsby 是美国作家F.Scott Fitzgerald最优秀的一部小说，作品主要刻画了20世纪20年代美国梦的破灭。英美文学考点分析英美文学考点分析 The Sun Also Rises（太阳照常升起）是美国小说家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者Ernest Hemingway的长篇小说，作者借此成为“迷惘的一代”的代言人，并以此书开创了海明威式的独特文风。The Sound and the Fury（喧哗与骚动）是美国小说家William Faulkn
7、er的长篇小说代表作,描写世纪末至世纪年代美国南方杰弗逊镇的望族康普生家庭的没落以及各个家庭成员的遭遇与精神状态。Beyond the Horizon天边外是美国戏剧家Eugene ONeill尤金奥尼尔的成名之作，描写一个美国农民家庭的不幸的生活。英美文学知识点英美文学知识点I.British Literature II.American Literature I.British LiteratureOld English Literature(5th C.-1066)Middle English Literature(1066-14th C.)The Romantic Period (la
8、te 18th C.-mid.19th C.)ealistic Period I.English literature1.Old English Literature(5th C.-1066)The chief work includes“Beowulf”which is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons.It is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people.2.Middle English Literature(1066-
9、14th C.)With a various themes and styles,such as the legend,knights romance,popular ballad etc.The great figure is Geoffrey Chaucer with his masterpiece“The Canterbury Tales”坎特伯雷故坎特伯雷故事集事集.He introduced from France the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter “the Heroic Couplet”(5 音步抑音步抑扬格扬格)to
10、English poetry.He was called“the father of English poetry”.or“the founder of English Poetry”.Iambic pentameter:抑扬格5音部 poetic meters of five feet.Iambic means the stress is on the second syllable.Heroic couplet:英雄双行诗 a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter lines.When spring showers of April fall and shoo
11、tDown through the drought of March to pierce the rootWhen spring/showers/of A/pril fall/and shootDown through/the drought/of March/to pierce/the root3.The Renaissance Period(15th C.early 17th C.)It refers to the period of transition from the medieval中世纪中世纪 to the modern world.Renaissance is a cultur
12、al rebirth or the revival of learning and culture from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries；Humanism stresses the importance of human interests,as opposed to the supernatural,divine elements.Thomas More:UtopiaEdmund Spenser(a poet):The Faerie Queen The Shepherd CalendarChristopher Marlo
13、we(a poet and dramatist):Edward II，Dr.Faustus，Tamburlaine，The Jew of Malta。William Shakespeare 喜剧：喜剧：A Midsummer Nights Dream As you like it Merchant of Venice The Twelfth night 悲剧：悲剧：Romeo and Juliet The Tempest 四大悲剧：四大悲剧：Othello,Macbeth,King Lear,Hamlet 主要历史剧：主要历史剧：Henry IV,Henry VJohn Milton(poet
14、)：Paradise lost,Paradise Regained,Samson AgonistesFrancis Bacon：Essays The advancement of learningJohn Donne：The Elegies and Satires The Songs and Sonnets Edmund Spenser:English poet The Faerie Queene 仙后仙后,an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty andElizabeth I.Spenserian
15、stanza:斯宾塞体”（即九行体）a nine-line stanza of eight lines in iambic pentameter(五音步)，plus an iambic hexameter(六音步).The rhyme scheme is abab bcbc c.Sonnet:a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme.Italian sonnet is rhyming abbaabba cde
16、cde.Shakespearean sonnet consists of three quatrains and a couplet(rhyming abab cdcd efef gg).Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shin
17、es,And oft is his gold complexion dimmd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course untrimmd:But thy eternal Summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growe
18、st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeares four great tragedies?A.Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet,Othello,King Lear B.Romeo and Juliet,Hamlet,Othello,Macbeth C.Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,Macbeth D.Romeo and J
19、uliet,Othello,Macbeth,Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门 Which of the following is the work of Francis Bacon?A.Utopia B.Paradise Lost C.Songs of Innocence D.Essays答案：DUtopia 乌托邦 by Thomas MoreParadise Lost by John MiltonSongs of Innocence 天真之歌 by William BlackWilliam Shakespeare:Major tragedies:Hamlet;Othello;Ki
20、ng Lear；MacbethMajor comedies:A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice;As You Like It;The Twelfth Night;John Donne：“The Flea”(playwright,essayist,founder of metaphysical school玄学派玄学派)The Metaphysical poets-17th century poets whose work was characterized by intellectual wit and ingen
21、uity,esp.the use of elaborate figures of speech.采用奇特的意象和别具采用奇特的意象和别具匠心的比喻匠心的比喻 The author of“The Flea”was the representative of _ poets.A.religious B.romantic C.metaphysical D.realistic答案：C Francis Bacon:Essays Of studies,of Friendship,Of Wealth “Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for abilit
22、y.”读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。“Reading maketh full man,writing an exact man,conference a ready man”读书使人充实，笔记使人准确，读书使人充实，笔记使人准确，讨论使人机智。讨论使人机智。4.The Neoclassic Period (17th C.-18th C.)(a revival of interest in the old classical works)The Enlightenment Movement The literature took the ancient Gr
23、eek and Roman classical works and contemporary French ones as the literary model.Poetry was elegant in structure and diction,the novel gave a realistic presentation of life of common people.The main figures are Daniel Defoe,Jonathan Swift,John Bunyan,Henry Fielding,Thomas Gray John Milton created Sa
24、tan the real hero in his poem _.A.“Paradise lost”B.“Paradise Regained”C.“Agonistes”力士参孙 D.“Lycidas”利西达斯 答案：A.“Utopia”was written by _.A.Thomas More B.Francis Bacon C.Daniel Defoe D.Jonathan Swift答案：ADaniel Defoe：Robinson Crusoe Jonathan Swift：Gullivers Travels,A Modest Proposal Daniel Defoe is a fam
25、ous _.A.poet B.novelist C.playwright D.essayist 答案：B “He has a servant called Friday.”“He”in the quoted sentence is a character in _.A.Henry Fieldings Tom Jones B.John Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress C.Richard B.Sheridans The School for Scandal D.Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe 答案：DNovelists:Daniel Defo
26、e:“Robinson Crusoe”the struggle of the shipwrecked person for security,praises the hero of the hard-working class.Jonathan Swift:“Gullivers Travels”.He is famous as a great satirist.The novel describes the travels of Gulliver to Lilliput 小人国小人国,Brobdingnag 大人国，大人国，Laputa 飞岛国飞岛国 and Lagado智马国智马国.John
27、 Bunyan:“The Pilgrims Progress”天路历程天路历程.the most successful religious allegory in the English language.Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.天路历程天路历程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。是英文作品中最成功的
28、宗教寓言。它的它的主旨是让人们遵循基督教教义，主旨是让人们遵循基督教教义，并通过不断战胜自身弱点与身外并通过不断战胜自身弱点与身外的邪恶来获得拯救。的邪恶来获得拯救。Henry Fielding:“The History of Tom Jones”masterpiece on human nature，the purpose is to instruct,to present a faithful picture of life.“Father of the English novel,”for“comic epic in prose,”the first to give the modern
29、 novels its structure and style.他第一个在理论与实践上创造了“散文体喜剧史诗”，并第一个为现代小说确立了结构和风格。Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷“墓地诗歌墓地诗歌”流派的代表流派的代表。“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”写在教堂墓地的挽歌写在教堂墓地的挽歌 established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day,especially“the Graveyard School”.The Graveyard Poets were
30、 a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the 18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on morality,focused on death and sadness.Playwright:Richard B.Sheridan(the only important English dramatist of the 18th century.In his play,morality is the constant theme.His plays are generally reg
31、arded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.The important works:The School for Scandal(造谣学校造谣学校)The Rivals(情敌）情敌）5.The Romantic Period (late 18th C.-mid.19th C.)-an age of poetry,individualism,nature,emotion marked by imagination,worship of nature,simpl
32、icity,expressiveness William Wordsworth,Samuel.T.Coleridge,George G.Byron,Percy B.Shelley,John Keats,Robert Burns Walter Scott,J.Austen,etc.The Romantic Period in English literature began with the publication of _.A.William Blakes Songs of Innocence B.Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice C.Wordsworths a
33、nd Coleridges Lyrical Ballads D.Sir Walter Scotts Ivanhoe George G.Byron was most famous for _.A.Don Juan B.Ode to the West Wind C.Kubla Khan D.Ode to a Nightingale.John Keats is the author of _.A.Ode to a Skylark and Ode to a Nightingale B.Ode to a Grecian Urn and Ode to the West WindC.Ode to a Nig
34、htingale and Ode to a Grecian UrnD.Ode to the West Wind and Ode to a NightingaleWe can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelleys poem“Ode to the West Wind”with all the following terms except _.A.tamed B.swift C.proud D.wild The novel starts with“It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single
35、man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.”This novel is Jane Austens_.A.Pride and Prejudice B Emma.C Persuasion D.Sense and SensibilitySummery of the Romantic Period:The publication of“Lyrical Ballads”by Wordsworth and Coleridge marks the beginning of Romantic period.Wordsworth
36、was Britains Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）from 1843 until his death in 1850.William Wordsworth,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,and Robert Southey:“Lake Poet”The most important writers of this time are:Walter Scott:historical romance,IvanhoeJane Austen:realistic writing about family life,Pride and Prejudice,Emma,Sense
37、 and Sensibility，Persuasion P.B.Shelley:Ode to the West Wind,Ode to a Skylark,Prometheus Unbound G.Baron:Don Juan,Cain,Childe Herolds PilgrimageJohn Keats:Ode to the Nightingale,Ode to a Grecian Urn,Ode to Autumn Robert Burns:A Red,Red Rose,My heart s in the Highland W.Wordsworth:Lyrical Ballads,To
38、the Cuckoo,Lucy Poems6.The Victorian Period(19th.C)Novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought,writers became social and more critical,exposing all kinds of social evils.It is also known as a realistic period.The most important writers are:D
39、ickens,Bronte sisters,Thomas Hardy,George Eliot,William Thackeray,etc.Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except _ A.Oliver Twist B.David Copperfield C.A Tale of Two Cities D.To the Lighthouse (Virginia Woolf）The novel“Vanity Fair”was written by _.A.William M.Thackeray B.O.Henry C.Charles Dic
40、kens D.Henry James“Do you think,because I am poor,obscure,plain,and little,I am soulless and heartless?And if God had gifted me with some beauty,and much wealth,I should have made it as hard for you to leave me,as it is now for me to leave you.”The above quoted passage is most probably taken from_.A
41、.Pride and Prejudice B.Jane Eyre C.Wuthering Heights D.Great Expectations Which of the following is not one of the Bronte Sisters?A.Charlotte Bronte B.Anne Bronte C.Jenny Bronte D.Emily BronteGeorge Eliot wrote all the following except_.A.The Mill on the Floss B.Silas Marner C.Middlemarch D.Agnes Gr
42、ey （by Anne Bronte)“WE dont ask what a woman does,we ask whom she belongs to”from The Mill on the Floss“Wessex novels”refers to the novels written by_.A.Charles Dickens B.D.H.Lawrence C.James Joyce D.Thomas HardyNovels by Thomas Hardy:Tess of the DUrbevilles The Return of the NativesMayor of the Cas
43、terbridgeJude the Obscure7.The Modern period(20th Century)The features of modernism:alienation and loneliness，a reaction against realism,rationalism,casting away almost all the traditional elements in literature like story,plot,character,chronological narration,preference of “Stream of Consciousness
44、”.Nobel Prize Winners:W.B.Yeats:Irish poet,modernism (1923)George Bernard Shaw:(1925)Widowers Houses鳏夫的房产鳏夫的房产,Saint Joan 圣女贞德圣女贞德 T.S.Eliot:(1948)The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock;The Waste Land Doris Lessing:(2007)The Golden Notebook金色笔记金色笔记,The Grass is Singing Seamus Heaney:Irish Poet (1995)V.S
45、.Naipaul:Indian-British novelist:（2001)A House for Mr Biswas;A Bend in the River大河湾大河湾 Women Writers:V.Woolf:To the Lighthouse,Mrs.Dalloway,Middlemarch Doris Lessing:The Golden Notebook,The Grass is SingingIris Murdoch:The Sea,The Sea;The Bell;The Sandcasle Muriel Spark:The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
46、;The Girls Of Slender Means D.H.Lawrence:Lady Chatterleys lovers;Women in Love;Sons and Lovers etc.James Joyce(Irish,stream of consciousness)Ulysses American LiteratureI.Colonial Period (1607-1800)Rise of the American Dream,Puritanism,Independence WarBenjamin Franklin:Poor Richards Almanac;Autobiogr
47、aphy“Diligence is the Mother of Good Luck”II.The Romantic Period (late 18th C.-mid.19th C.)from 18th century to the outbreak of the civial war,It is the Prime period of the American Dream,Emphasis on the imaginative and emotional quality of literature.The period started with the publication of Washi
48、ngton Irvings The Sketch Book and ended with Whitemans Leaves of Grass.The main figures and their key works:Washington Irving(Father of American literature):The legend of Sleepy Hollow.Walt Whitman:“Leaves of Grass”Nathaniel Hawthorne:“The Scarlet Letter”Herman Melville:“Moby-Dick”Ralph W.Emerson:“N
49、ature”Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter,always regarded as his best work,tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways.Symbolic meaning of“A”in The Scarlet Letter According to original
50、work,“A”in fact means“Adultory”;however,after many years of hard work,the letter“A”is regarded as“Angel”because of Hesters kindness and honesty;and as Hester gains a strange influence,some people relate“A”with“Able”or“Amiable”.Moby Dick(白鲸)It is regarded as the first American prose epic.It is a trem
