1、形容词形容词(adj.)和副词和副词(adv.)考点明示考点明示 形容词和副词是英语中很活跃的词汇,是考试形容词和副词是英语中很活跃的词汇,是考试热点之一,单选、完型填空均涉及。热点之一,单选、完型填空均涉及。1、形容词、副词在句中的位置。、形容词、副词在句中的位置。2、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法。、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法。3、用法差异、用法差异形容词:用于修饰名词或代词,描述被修饰成分的性质、特征、状态或属性等。This is a good book.(修饰名词_)She is beautiful.(修饰代词_)副词:主要用于修饰动词、形容词和副词,描述被修饰成分的特征或状态
2、。Jim plays basketball well.(修饰动词_)She is very beautiful.(修饰形容词_)Jim plays basketball very well.(修饰副词_)booksheplaybeautifulwell形容词修饰名词的排列顺序:形容词修饰名词的排列顺序:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。其中其中“限定词限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词或词或数词。数词。“描绘性描绘性”形容词如形容词如beautiful,bad,cold
3、 等。等。“大长高大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。词。表示表示“形状形状”的词如的词如round,square 等。等。“国籍国籍”指一个国家或地区的指一个国家或地区的词。词。“材料材料”的词如的词如wooden,woolen,stone,silk 等。等。“类别类别”的词如的词如medical college,writing desk,police car 等。等。也可记住记住Opshacom这个杜撰的词这个杜撰的词 op代表opinion,指表人们观点的形容词,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等;sh代表shape,指表示形状的
4、形容词,如long,short,round,narrow等;a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new,young等;c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red,black,orange等;o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。1)Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two otherB.two little otherC.two other little D.littl
5、e other two2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old3)-How was your recent visit to Qingdao?-It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the _days at the seaside.A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny
6、 few D.few sunny lastCAB4)I like_ Benz(奔驰)car.A.beautiful little old black hisB.black his little old beautifulC.his beautiful black littleD.his beautiful little black5)They bought their daughter _handbags as her birthday present.A.two Shanghai leather small blackB.two leather small black ShanghaiC.t
7、wo small black Shanghai leatherD.two black small Shanghai leatherDC表语形容词及其修饰语表语形容词及其修饰语以下形容词通常只作表语:以下形容词通常只作表语:_mistaken,worth,worthymistaken,worth,worthy等。等。少量表语形容词间或可作定语,但要后置。少量表语形容词间或可作定语,但要后置。He is the only person alive.形容词分为形容词分为性质形容词和叙述形容词性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性
8、质或特征的形容词是性质形容)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中作定语、表语和补语作定语、表语和补语。例如:。例如:hot。2)叙述形容词)叙述形容词只能作表语只能作表语,所以又称为,所以又称为表语形容词表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类开头的形容词都属于这一类 asleep,awake,alike,alive,afraid,ashamed,sound/fast asleep 熟睡熟睡wid
9、e awake 完全醒着,苏醒完全醒着,苏醒very much alone 十分孤独十分孤独very much/much alike 十分相像十分相像happily alive 十分活泼十分活泼well worth doing 很值得做很值得做very 修饰原级或现在分词修饰原级或现在分词much 修饰比较级或过去分词修饰比较级或过去分词表语形容词还有其特定的修饰语,这些修表语形容词还有其特定的修饰语,这些修饰词要作特殊记忆:饰词要作特殊记忆:易错形容词与名词的搭配易错形容词与名词的搭配 名词名词 可用的修饰语可用的修饰语 不可用的修饰词不可用的修饰词population large smal
10、l many a few salary large small high low price high low expensive cheapspeed high low fast slow amount large small many much quantity large small many much size large small many much 副词的位置副词的位置1)修饰形容词和其它副词时,通常放在被修饰修饰形容词和其它副词时,通常放在被修饰词之前,但词之前,但enough一词例外。如一词例外。如This is a very useful tool.He doesnt wo
11、rk hard enough.2)频度副词频度副词(often,usually,seldom,hardly,never,sometimes,always等等)要放在实义动词要放在实义动词的前面,的前面,be 动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。如如We often go to the park.He is always ready to help others.3)地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。I remember that I met him somewhere.Everything went smoothly.4)同
12、时出现几种副词时的排列顺同时出现几种副词时的排列顺序:序:方方式副词式副词地点副词地点副词时间副词时间副词。如。如 He made his model plane perfectly there yesterday.5)作定语的副词放在被修饰词之后。作定语的副词放在被修饰词之后。People here are very friendly to me.形容词、副词的级分为三种:形容词、副词的级分为三种:原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成(规则变化)1)单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加er 或est 原级 比较级 最高级high higher higheststro
13、ng _ _fast _ _ slow _ _strongerstrongestfaster fastestslower slowest2)以不发音字母e结尾的词,加r 或st 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级fine finer finestlate _later latest3)重重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时,应先读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时,应先双写辅音字母,再加双写辅音字母,再加er 或或est 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级big bigger biggestthin _fat _ thinner thinnestfatter fattest4)以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y
14、”结尾的双音节词,先结尾的双音节词,先改改“y”为为“i”,再加,再加er 或或est 原级原级 比比较级较级 最最高级高级easy easier easiestLucky _early _luckier luckiestearlier earliest5)多多音节词和部分双音节词音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或most原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级delicious more delicious most deliciousinteresting _Easily _Carefully _more interesting most interestingmore easi
15、ly most easilymore carefully most carefully(不规则变化)(不规则变化)原级原级 比比较级较级 最高级最高级good/well _bad/badly _many/much _ little _far _ _better bestworse worstmore mostless least farther farthestfurther furthest请将下列词变成比较级和最高级bright -long -late -wide -angry -popular -quickly -good -bad -brighter,brightestlonger,l
16、ongestlater,latestwider,widestangrier,angriestmore/most popularmore/most quicklybetter,bestworse,worst 原级的句型:A is as+adj./adv.+as BA is not as/so+adj./adv.+as BHe is as diligent as Tom.He is not as/so diligent as tom.比较级用法比较级用法 1)表示一方超过另一方时,表示一方超过另一方时,比较级比较级than+被被比较的对象比较的对象2)表示一方不及另一方时,用表示一方不及另一方时,
17、用“less+原级原级+than”的结构表示。的结构表示。This room is less beautiful than that one.Do you know why winter is colder than summer?3)表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,)表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、rather等等修饰。如:修饰。如:He works even harder than before.4)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用
18、)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级,比较级,the+比较级比较级”的结构(意为的结构(意为“越越越越”)。如:)。如:The harder he works,the happier he feels.1.-Are you feeling _?-Yes,Im fine now.A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better 2.The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A.more B.much more C.much D.more much 3.If there we
19、re no examinations,we should have _ at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time BCD5)表示本身程度的改变时,用)表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”的结构。的结构。The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.6)在比较从句中为了避免重复,用)在比较从句中为了避免重复,
20、用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。代替前面出现的名词。that指物指物,one既可指人又可既可指人又可指物。指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one 只能代替可数名词。只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood The weather in China is different from_.
21、A.in America B.one in America C.America D.that in America D倍数表达法倍数表达法。1、A is three times the size(height,length)of B.2、A is three times as big(high,long)as B 3、A is three times bigger(higher,longer)than B.1)no more than(=onlynot any more than)仅仅仅仅,只有只有 His school education added up to no more than o
22、ne year.2)not more than(=at most)至多至多,不超过,不超过 He has not more than twenty yuan in his pocket.比较级特殊结构:3)no less than(=just as manymuch as)有有.之多。之多。There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting.4)not less than(=more than)至少至少 不少于不少于 There were not less than a thousand people at the meeting5
23、)否定词形容词比较级否定词形容词比较级 No one can be more careful than he is.6)形容词比较级形容词比较级than any other+名词名词 He is busier than any other worker in his workshop.5)6)都能都能可以表示最高级含义可以表示最高级含义 最高级句型最高级句型:最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级用最高级.1)主语主语+be+the+最高级最高级+比较范围比较范围.He
24、 is the busiest in his family.2)主语主语+be+the+序数词序数词+最高级最高级+比较范围比较范围.The Yellow River is the second largest river in China.3)one of+形容词的最高级形容词的最高级 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况 两个形容词最高级最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级最高级前不加the。He is the youngest and tallest
25、 boy in his class.形容词最高级用来加强语气形容词最高级用来加强语气,作作十分十分;非常非常之之意时意时,前面不加前面不加the。但形容词最高级作单数名。但形容词最高级作单数名词的定语时词的定语时,可用不定冠词可用不定冠词a/an。That book is most interesting.Thats an most interesting book.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副,副词最高级前可不用。例如:词最高级前可不用。例如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.撒哈拉沙漠是世
26、界上最大的沙漠。撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。Who sings(the)best in our class?作宾语补足语的形容词最高级前不加作宾语补足语的形容词最高级前不加the。I found it most difficult to get to sleep.在一些固定用法中在一些固定用法中,最高级前通常省略最高级前通常省略the。With best wishes for you.表示两者间表示两者间“较较的一个的一个”比较级前加比较级前加the。who is the older of the tow boys?ss 最高级可被最高级可被much,by far,nearly,almost
27、,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰等词语所修饰.This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlynot quitenothing like the biggest 根据所给提示词填空。1.My house is _(large)than Jims.2.Today is much _(warm)than yesterday.3.Which book is _(interesting),this one or that one?4.Kate is _(good)than me at English.5.Who i
28、s _(tall)boy in your class?6.Mike runs _(fast)of all the students.7.I have _(much)money than you.8.Yesterday was my _(happy)day in my life.9.My brother is not so _(strong)as me.10.Mr Smith is the _(short)of the two men.largerwarmermore interestingbetterthe tallest(the)fastestmorehappieststrongshorte
29、rso that 与与such that 的区别。的区别。so+形容词形容词/副词副词+that so+形容词形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词单数可数名词+that so+many/much/little/few+名词名词+that such+a(n)+形容词形容词+单数可数名词单数可数名词+that such+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+that such+形容词形容词+复数名词复数名词+that 注意:下列结构中只能用注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用不可用such,当名词前有当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示等表示“多、少多、少”的词修饰的词修饰时,如时,如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当等。但当little表示表示“小小”时用时用such。如:如:These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.改错:改错:so a difficult problem _ so difficult problems _ so hot weather _so difficult a problemsuch difficult problemssuch hot weather