1、普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 科考试说明 概要写作： 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分） 词数词数少于少于4040的和的和多余多余8080的，的， 从从总分中减去总分中减去2 2分分 评分原则 1 1、本题总分为本题总分为2525分分，按按5 5个档次给分个档次给分。 2 2、评分时评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确 定其所属档次定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量然后以该档次的要求来衡量、 确定或调整档次确定或调整档次，最后给分最后给分。 3 3、词数少于词数少于4040的和多于的和多于80
2、80的的，从总分中减去从总分中减去2 2分分。 评分时评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：应主要从以下四个方面考虑： ( (1 1) )对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； ( (2 2) )应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； ( (3 3) )上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性； ( (4 4) )对各要点表达的独立性情况；对各要点表达的独立性情况； Narration （记叙文）（记叙文） Exposition （说明文）（说明文） Forms of Literature Argumentation (议论文）议论文） types key informa
3、tion 记叙文记叙文 narration 人物人物+时间时间+地点地点+事件（起因事件（起因+发展发展 +结果）结果） 说明文说明文 exposition 描写某事物的性质功用。即“描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象 +性质功用性质功用+利好利好”；”； 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。 即“即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”；”； 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即 “现象现象+原因原因+结果结果” 议论文议论文 argumentation 论点论点+论据论据(+结论结论) 1. 确定文体确定文体 the types of the pas
4、sage Argumentation (议论文）议论文） Topic Supporting ideas Conclusion 概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容 概要。 (Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. (Para 2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt o
5、n the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England i
6、n 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (Para 3)Though t
7、he belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards o
8、f cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parent
9、s nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
10、There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt Step 1: Read topic sentence: structure supporting ideas Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph think, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in ones opinion, from ones point of view You may need to pay attention to some wor
11、ds like: Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king h
12、ad closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid t
13、he attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Examples of some European countries (Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long- lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. C
14、lean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for
15、 dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages chil
16、dren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. Step 2: Make an outline Topic: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt suppor -ting Ideas (Para 2 ) (Para 3) nowadays (Para 4) In the 16th century since18th century People thought that
17、 dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease has no longer been regarded as cleaning away dirt is good to health encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system Step 3: Rewrite the sentences in other ways There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. different, mix
18、ed, various 反义转换 opinions, views, ideas 同义词替换同义词替换 Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times. towards 句型转换句型转换 People hold different opinions towards dirt over time. The attitudes to dirt is not always the same. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to b
19、lock out disease. Have a try! In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced. 同义词替换同义词替换 block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away from illness; One possible version: In the 16th centur
20、y, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. . dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. wash off, get rid of benefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contributes to One possible
21、 version: People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nowadays, encourages people to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. One possible version: Nowadays, some scientists believe that exp
22、osure to some dirt may help our immune system. People are encouraged to 语态转换语态转换 be exposed to believe, support, agree, approve. People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getti
23、ng ill. People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. However, Nevertheless/But/however people Add two linking wo
24、rds to make the passage coherent Step 4: Make the summary coherent nowadays, Step 5: Revise ( 67 words) People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change th
25、eir attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. 4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherent How to write a summary(argumentation) 1.Read 2.
26、Make an outline 3.Rewrite 4. Make it coherent 5. Revise 6. neatly copy -Topic , structure, key supporting sentences Homework Finish the summary writing of the following Passage 阅读短文阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要词左右的内容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many y
27、ears ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic(充满活力的充满活力的) the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condi
28、tions(条件条件). Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enoug
29、h time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we wi
30、ll certainly benefit(受益受益) a lot from it. Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important, because in the morning we can have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. In addition, morning exercise can help us keep healthy. So, it is beneficial to us. 参
31、考范文参考范文 It is important to get up early for people. In the morning, people can exercise their bodies through walking to keep healthy. Also, peoples memory will improve. Besides, people can make a good preparation/plan for themselves, so they will have enough time to do everything. In a word, getting
32、 up early is beneficial to us. 参考范文参考范文 Getting up early is a good habit. And we attach great importance to getting up early because morning is the most valuable time of a day, so we can have physical training to keep healthy. Besides, getting up early can let us have enough time to program and prep
33、are to finish doing our work or study of the day. In a word, we will benefit a lot from getting up early. 参考范文参考范文 People attach great importance to getting up early. It enables them to have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. If not, people will be busy doing everything. So insist on getting up early which is of great benefit to all people. 参考范文参考范文
