1、直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语By Li WenqinBy Li Wenqin（Sept.7thSept.7th，20192019）直接引语：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加并在原话前后加引号。引号。例：例：He said:It is too late.间接引语：间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的话用自己的话转述他人的话,多数以宾语多数以宾语从句的形式构成。从句的形式构成。例：例：He said it was too late.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的变化应注意的变化 1.1.句式结构上的变化句式结构上的变化 解题步骤解题
2、步骤:1）.陈述句变间接引语时，用陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接连接,that 无实际意义，可省略。例无实际意义，可省略。例:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah Lana said:“I am mad at Marcia.”Lana said(that)she was mad a
3、t Marcia.He said:“We are good at English.”He said(that)they were good at English.She said to me:“She does her homework every night.”She told me(that)she did her homework every night.2）.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或或whether。“Is it easy to improve the condition of the
4、 soil?”,they asked himThey asked himif /whetherit is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askedwasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.She asked me,Are you Mr.Li?She asked me if I was Mr.Li.She asked us,Do you want to go on a picnic?She asked us if we wanted to go
5、on a picnic.He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or French.3 3）.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。疑问词引导。They asked him“When do you harvest the wheat?”They asked him whenyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.例如：例如：Howmuchhav
6、ewespentonpetrolthisyear,Susanaskedherhusband.Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.Heaskedme:“Whattimeisitnow?”Heaskedmewhattimeitwasthen.注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。4）.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。四去。一改：一改：said(to)改为改为asked或或told二变：二变：saidto的宾语或呼语变为的宾语或呼语变为asked等的等的宾语宾语
7、三加：即在动词原形前加三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不，使成为动词不定式定式四去：去掉四去：去掉please“Donttalkinclass,”theteachersaidtous.解题步骤解题步骤:TheteachersaidtousDontnotto talkinclasssaidtotoldTheteachertoldusnottotalkinclass.例：例：Hesaidtoher:Donttakethebookaway,please Heaskedhernottotakethebookaway.Hesaidtome:“Pleasedoitagain.”Hetold/aske
8、dmetodoitagain.Theteachersaid:“Donttalkinclass,Tom.”Theteachertold/askedTomnottotalkinclass.2.2.时态变化时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致的时态要与主句的时态一致.1）.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。时候，间接引语时态不变。He says:I bought you a book yesterday.”He says that he bought me a book yesterday.2
9、 2）.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化应的变化,变化如下：变化如下：一般现在时一般现在时 现在进行时现在进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 一般将来时一般将来时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去将来时过去将来时 过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变 不变不变往前推一个时态往前推一个时态 1“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovisitourschool.2.Tomsaid,“
10、Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.3.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmy homeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.4.Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaN
11、o.3bus.5.“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.6.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.注意：注意：1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：不变，仍用一般现在时。例如：Teachersaidtous
12、:Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.Theteachersaidtous:“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。例如过去时。例如 ：She said:I went to England in 2019.”She said
13、she went to England in 2019.直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如：时，人称要做相应调整。例如：直接引语直接引语Shesaid:“Iamhungry。”间接引语间接引语Shesaidshewashungry.直接引语直接引语Mumsaidtome:“Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow.”间接引语间接引语MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.3.3.人称的变化。人称的变化。“一主、二宾、三不变一主、二宾、三不变”4.其他变
14、化其他变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性方向性动词动词 this,that,these those now,today，this week yesterdaylast weekfour days ago tomorrow next monththen,that day that weekthe day before the week beforefour days beforethe next daythe next month here there come,go,bring take Summary直接引语直接引语间接
15、引语间接引语陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句祈使句祈使句that引导引导if/whether 引导引导原疑问词引导原疑问词引导ask/told sb to do sth.1.主句为现在时态主句为现在时态2.主句为过去时态主句为过去时态时态不变时态不变往前推一个时态往前推一个时态第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称与主句主语人称一致与主句主语人称一致与主句宾语人称一致与主句宾语人称一致不变不变句式句式结构结构时态时态人称人称其他其他宾语从句宾语从句语序语序疑问句疑问句陈述句语序陈述句语序Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the senten
16、ces either into direct speech or indirect speech:1.Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2.Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3.The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.
17、PracticePractice4.Her father asked her why she chose/had chosen her diary and old letters.5.“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?”Mother asked/said to her.6.“What else have you hidden under your overcoat?”Margot asked her.7.“When shall we go back home?”Anne asked her father.8.“Why did you talk
18、so much to that boy?”Father asked Anne.Practice专项练习专项练习 一、把下列的句子变成间接引语：一、把下列的句子变成间接引语：1.“Im leaving for London next week.”my sister said to me.2.John said,“Mr.Smith has come here.”3.She said,“Do you want me to help you?”4.“How many people are there in your family?”he asked the boy.5.“Dont worry.”the
19、 mother said to the children.6.He said,“Please give me a book.”二、二、把下列句子变成直接引语：把下列句子变成直接引语：1.She told us to stop writing and listening to her.2.She asked me which one I liked the best.3.He asked whether I had watched TV the night before.4.Jim asked me if I was busy that day.5.The old worker told us not to forget the past.6.Pick said that he would take Mary there the next time.
