1、专题1动词（2）主谓一致语法专题第一部分 语法篇内容索引重温高考专题精析考点集训综合演练重温高考单句语法填空/单句改错1.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it_(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018全国卷)2.Fast food_(be)full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt
2、and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷)3.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_(be)often acceptable.(2016全国卷)4.This cycle_(go)day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.(全国卷)5.The clas
3、sroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well.(2018全国卷)6.He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江高考)专题精析创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.1主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
4、Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Everything is in a complete mass，which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。Neither of us has gone through regular training.我们两个都没受过正规的训练。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.1名师指津 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。What he said is f
5、ar from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。What the school needs are qualified teachers.这个学校需要的是合格的老师。从句作主语时,若主句谓语部分为系表结构,主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定What they need most _(be)money while what we need most _(be)textbooks.创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.12.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather
6、 than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited.老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.13.and，both.and.连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。Her teach
7、er and her friends are in the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。The poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。A knife and fork is used on the table in western countries.刀叉被用在西方国家的餐桌上。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.1every/each/no+名词+and+every/each/no+名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Every hour and every minute is very valuab
8、le to us.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安bread and butter 黄油面包a watch and chain 一块带链的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真诚创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.14.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。My friend showed me around the town，which was very attractive.我
9、的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。注意：（1）one of复数名词，后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，（2）the/the only/the very/the first/the last 等限定词+one of复数名词，后面所接的定语从句中的谓语动词却用单数He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity.He is the only one of the students who has taken part in the activity.创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.15.“many a/more th
10、an one单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段相同的痛苦的过程。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。6.由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如：trousers(裤子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼镜)
11、,chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圆规),gloves(手套)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当主 语 被 kind of/type of/pair of/amount of等修饰时,谓语动词的形式须根据kind/type/pair/amount等的数来确定。Jims trousers are brown.吉姆的裤子是棕色的。This pair of trousers was made by Master Li.这条裤子是李师傅做的。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.1二、意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语
12、动词的单复数。1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are doing experiment.全班学生都在做实验。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.12.“分数/百分数/the majorityof名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于o
13、f后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。The rest of the apples _ red.剩下的苹果都是红的All of this is wonderful，but the best part of this film is the acting.所有这
14、些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.13.“the形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity的数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.Quantitie
15、s of time have been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.15.“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students have gone for an outing.许多学生去远足了。The number of the students is increasing year after year.学生的数量逐年增加。创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.16.表示时间、距离、重量、金
16、额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。7.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Bad news travels quickly.谚坏事传千里。Physics is my favourite subject.创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.1 8.（1）国名、人名、报纸名、书名等专有名词有 些虽以-s结尾,形式上是复数,但它们作主语时谓语动词常用单数。The United Nations w
17、as founded in 1945.联合国成立于1945年。（2）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词 The Olympic Games are held once every four years.9.单复数同形的名词，如means，works，deer，fish，sheep等 Every means has been tried.All possible means have been tried.10.none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。None of us seem to have thought of it.None of us has got a
18、 camera.我们都没有相机。all单独作主语表示人时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示事物时,谓语动词一般用单数形式 All are eager to reach an agreement.大家都急于达成一项协议 All is well that ends well.结果好,一切都好。11.由“kind(form，type，sort)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数This new type of buses is now on show.All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.创新设计创新设计No.3No.2No.1三、就近一
19、致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1.由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。2.由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three books and a pen o
20、n the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。1Apart from the mental relief of peoples mind，another major aspect of Taoist influence on Chinese culture _(be)its influence on martial arts.(2019银川一中三模)2Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her，which said，“Please take good care of your eyes，my dear
21、，because before they are yours，they _(be)mine！”(2019重庆七校三诊)3The design on the back _(show)the yelloweyed penguin，one of the worlds rarest penguins.(2019唐山模拟)4In the pool，Bob，my instructor，demanded we do what he did.One of the drills _(be)to take our masks off at the bottom of the deep end，replace th
22、em，and clear them of water.(2019哈尔滨六中模拟)5In my school days，I was a shy boy and never even thought of taking part in any public speaking events，school plays or stage contests，so acting _(be)a remote career choice then.(2019山西重点中学协作体模拟)iswereshowswaswas.单句语法填空6Many psychologists today _(be)working to
23、try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around.(2019衡水中学模拟)7A report published on Dec.6 says this style of healthcare，which _(include)different forms like herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183 countries and regions.(2019石家庄二中模拟)8People in Suzhou，Jiangsu Provinc
24、e，_(be)accustomed to eating wontons in midwinter.(2019安庆二模)9There _(be)also many small universities with only a few hundred students.(2019兰州一中模拟)10White highlights all that is bad in human nature.It _(suggest)dishonesty and betrayal(背叛)(2019大庆模拟)areincludesarearesuggests.单句改错1When the world enter th
25、e 2030，the development in science and technology will bring us many more new hopes and chances.(2019宣城二模)2There was a large number of people and the train was crowded，but everyone helped those who had lots of baggage and behaved politely.(2019福州八县联考)3.(2019芜湖一模)Here come your opportunity:the Student
26、 Union will organize a Poetry Writing Contest.4Now she teach in the Washingtonbased Confucious Institute.(2019宿州一模)5Compared with online games，many traditional games，like hideandseek，benefits kids mentally and physically.(2019贵州遵义航天高中模拟)698%of the surface are covered permanently by ice and strong wi
27、nds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline.(2019河北衡水中学模拟)7(2019吉林东北师大附中模拟)About two miles away from my home stand a mountain which is really worth touring.8As a saying go，“Pressure is another form of motive power”(2019江淮十校三模)9My parents always give me books which is fine but not excit
28、ing.(2019南宁模拟)10Actually，running the red light are quite dangerous.(2019西北师大附中模拟).语法填空(2019烟台一模)People release balloons for special occasions like memorial services and grand openings.It is fun and exciting.But it really causes great destruction to the environment and threatens the 1._(life)of our w
29、ildlife.When a balloon 2._(fly)into the sky，it doesnt end up 3._(stay)there.It eventually bursts and returns to the earth as ugly litter.Balloons can even travel thousands of miles and pollute the most remote and pure places.More 4._(sad)，they can present a threat to many animals.Birds，whales，turtle
30、s and other animals often mistake balloons 5._food，which can do damage to them because balloons contain 6._(harm)chemicals.Balloons even kill animals.When an animal swallows a balloon，it can block its intestinal tract(肠道)resulting in starvation.Part of the reason why releasing balloons 7._(permit)in
31、 so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually.However，it takes about four years 8._(break)down completely.Watching hundreds of balloons slowly going up into the sky might give you a fivesecond thrill，9._ is it worth a bunch of dead animals and so many places full of rubbish?Absolute
32、ly not.10._ we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.livesfliesstayingsadlyforharmfulis permittedto breakbutwhat.短文改错Last Sunday，we went to the amusement park near our home to celebrating my brothers birthday.The traffic was so bad that it took us nearly two hou
33、r to get there.The park was so crowding that we could no hardly move.My brother wanted to go on the roller coaster，so we joined the queue and wait for our turn.By the time we got to the front of the queue，my sister said she was to afraid to go on the ride，and even my brother was looked a bit nervous
34、.Just then a man announced that there were a technical problem and the ride was close.With sigh of relief，we went to get something to eat，played some other games，and then went home.by the time意为意为“到到时候（为止）时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下：1.如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时从句中的谓
35、语动词是一般过去时，那么，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成 时时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。例如：By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped.By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone。2.如果如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来）或现在完成时（表示将来），那么，那么主句中的谓语动词常为将主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时
36、间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。By the time you get back，I shall have finished the work.3.如果如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know,find,believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时，此时by the timeby the time相当于相当于when。例如：例如：
37、By the time he went abroad,he was fourteen.出国那年他14岁。.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Either you or the headmaster (be)to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.2.The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，(visit)a museum when the earthquake struck.3.Two fifths of the land in that district (
38、be)covered with trees and grass.iswas visitingis题组一主谓一致集训4.With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth _ (wash)away each year.5.He is the only one of the students who (be)a winner of scholarship for three years.are beingwashedhas been.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.The singer and d
39、ancer are to attend our evening party.或或 The singer and dancer are to attend our evening party.2.They each has an apple.3.He joins the football team who is all famous footballers.4.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，are going to visit Beijing this summer.haveisareisthe5.As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing.6.Those who likes to sing can join us.likeneed
