1、第四部分阅读表达第四部分阅读表达-2-命题规律备考策略阅读表达的测试目的是从多方位、多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。此题型不同于阅读理解,它重视语言的综合性和语境化因素,把语言知识放在实际的语境中考查,重视问题的真实性、情境性和应用性。它不仅要求考生理解文章,还需要考生用自己的语言表达出来,而且要受到词数的限制,因此,它比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性,更能体现对考生综合语言运用能力的考查。阅读表达属于主观题,它能考查考生概括语言的能力、捕捉信息的能力、预测事实的推断能力以及自主创新的能力。该题型的优点在于既考查了考生的理解能力,又考查了考生的英语表达能力。
2、它的另一个优点是开放性,这给了考生一个非常广阔的思维空间和表达空间。-3-命题规律备考策略一般来说,阅读表达所采用的文章比阅读理解篇章长度稍短,难度稍低。文章的选材贴近考生生活,时代感较强;体裁以说明、记叙、夹叙夹议等文体为主,所选取的篇章内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明,便于考生在阅读的基础上进行综合理解。高考对于该题型的考查主要有以下几种类型:1.理解捕捉具体信息;2.解释画线单词或句子意思;3.概括主旨和要义;4.阐述写作意图;5.陈述个人观点和态度。-4-命题规律备考策略20132017年高考英语天津卷阅读表达试题考点统计-5-命题规律备考策略 一、养成良好的阅读习惯,掌握一定的阅
3、读技巧。要善于概括文章或者其中某个段落的主旨大意以及作者的写作目的,要善于分析和把握篇章的结构,推测作者的语气、态度和观点,捕捉文章的具体信息,理解特定环境中语言的含义。二、养成主动思考的习惯。在平时的阅读中就要主动对文章的内容或者作者的观点进行讨论和评价,对文中的故事情节或者作者的思路进行预测,对作者的语气进行揣摩,形成主动思考的阅读习惯。三、认真审题,准确表达。在回答题目之前要认真审题,判断问题的类型,弄清题目的要求。回答要有针对性,避免答非所问。注意问题后面的词数要求,要书写工整,表达准确。专题十九理解捕捉具体信息专题十九理解捕捉具体信息-7-考情概览这类题目一般要求考生结合文中某个方面
4、进行解答,通常要求答案固定或者唯一,且可在文章中找到明确的答案或者依据,与阅读理解中的细节理解题类似。作者一般会通过运用事实、分析原因或者对比事物间的关系等加以论证自己的观点。-8-做该类题目时,首先要仔细地理解问题,明确问题问的是什么,然后按照题意进行寻读,找到文中的重要事实或细节,也就是快速准确地在文章中找到题目中所涉及的内容,主要是在问题中和文章中搜索相似的关键词,或关键句,这类题的答案一般都在文章中。从历年试题来看,这类题目可难可易,可深可浅。因此在解答这类题时,考生要格外谨慎。需要特别注意,一般不要用文章中的原句作为答案,因为一般的问题都不会那样直白。最好能对文章的细节信息进行简单加
5、工和整合,形成自己的语言,然后简明扼要地写下来。注意写下的句子一定不要出现语法上的错误。这种命题形式非常灵活,往往对文章中的具体信息进行提问,通常用what,why,how等特殊疑问词进行提问。-9-常见的回答方式有:WhyBecauseWhat句子、名词或动词-ing形式列举名词、动词-ing形式HowBy doing-10-【典例分析】(2017天津卷)In the years of my growing up,Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in adv
6、ance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream,“I hate you!”Dad would yell back,“Good!I dont care!”Deep down I knew he did.One time at a party,I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said,“Call my dad.”Next thing,Dad was carrying
7、 me to the car.I woke up the next morning,thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting,but I now understand why I needed discipline.-11-Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series,but it wasnt until
8、I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry,Ive sometimes thought,“I cant do this any more.”Once,after a trip to Hollywood,I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my be
9、droom painting,listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said,“Alice,I know its hard,but its all about persistence(坚持不懈).”-12-Now I get to work with Dad a lot,which I love.We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being so interested in peopl
10、e.If it werent for Dad,I wouldnt be where I am today.Hes my biggest fan,and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.-13-58.What did Alices father do when she felt depressed?(no more than 5 words)_He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.由第四段中的“Dad sat me down and said,Alice,I know its hard
11、,but its all about persistence.”可知,当Alice感到沮丧时,父亲坐下来和她谈心,给她安慰与鼓励。59.According to the last paragraph,what do Alice and her father have in common?(no more than 10 words)_They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.由最后一段中的“We are both passionate about acting,which comes from us being
12、 so interested in people.”可知答案。-14-A AB BC C(2017天津第一中学第四次月考)On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier Leader Enterprise(MLE),I didnt get a lot of fan mail,so my attention was caught by a letter on my desk one morning.When I opened it,I read:“Sweet piece of writing on the Tigers.Keep up th
13、e good work.”It was signed by Don Wolfe,the sports editor.Because I was a teenager(being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch),his words could not have been more inspiring.I kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got old.Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer,I would r
14、eread Dons note and walk on air again.-15-A AB BC CLater,when I got to know him,I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick,encouraging note to people in all walks of life.“When I make others feel good about themselves,”he told me,“I feel good,too.”Over the years,Ive tried to copy Don and wri
15、te uplifting words.In a world too often cold and unresponsive,such notes bring warmth.Why are positive note writers in such short supply?My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious.They are afraid they will be misunderstood.Thus it may cause troubles and problems.And
16、it sounds insincere on the phone.Also,writing takes time;it is far easier to pick up the phone.-16-A AB BC CThe drawback of phone calls,of course,is that they do not last.A note attaches more importance to our well-wishing.It is a matter of record,and our words can be read more than once,savored(回味)
17、and treasured,and they bring strength and love to us.Today I sent a warm letter to my old boss.I dont know if it will make his day,but it made mine.As my friend Don Wolfe said,“Making others feel good about themselves makes me feel good too”.-17-A AB BC C1.What does the underlined part“walk on air”i
18、n Paragraph 2 probably mean?(No more than 5 words)Become confident./Feel good about myself./Become uplifted.2.According to the author,why arent people willing to write letters?(No more than 15 words)Because they may be self-conscious,and writing may cause misunderstanding,and it takes time.3.Why did
19、 the author write to his old boss?(No more than 15 words)To encourage him,make him feel good and the same to the author himself.4.Whats the text mainly about?(No more than 10 words)The power of a letter from Don Wolfe.5.Were you encouraged by anybody?And how?(No more than 25 words)Open.-18-A AB BC C
20、Normally,I loved birthdays.When my son and three daughters were little,my husband,Charles,and I always made sure to have dinner,followed by a big cake and presents.Later,when the kids grew up and lived in different states,they always called to wish me a happy birthday.But this year I could have skip
21、ped the whole day,knowing there was one call I wouldnt be receiving,the one from my daughter Patty.Shed passed away unexpectedly just a month before.One thing which made me feel a little calm was a voice message that shed left on my cell phone the night before she died,telling me she loved me.-19-A
22、AB BC COver the following days I played her message of wishes over and over again,listening to the last words she said,“I love you very,very much,Mom.”Then,a couple of weeks before my birthday,while I was doing laundry,I accidentally dropped my phone in the washing machine.Quickly I pulled it out an
23、d dried it off,but when I checked my voicemail,Pattys message was gone.I cried,heartbroken.Day after day I kept checking my voicemail,hoping Pattys message would reappear.It never did.-20-A AB BC COn the morning of my birthday,I received my sons wishes.However,all I wanted for my birthday was to hea
24、r Pattys voice again.“Happy birthday.”Charles said,“lets go out for dinner and a movie.It might help take your mind off things.”Charles was right.I turned off my phone,settled into my seat in the movie theater and let the film take me away.But the minute it ended I started thinking about Patty again
25、.As we were walking out of the theater,I turned on my phone.It rang,signaling Id gotten a voice message.Probably just my youngest daughter,Leslie,calling to wish me a happy birthday,I thought.I dialed up voicemail and the message began.It was Pattys voice,clear as a bell,saying again,“I love you ver
26、y,very much,Mom.”-21-A AB BC C1.How did the family celebrate the authors birthday when the children were young?(No more than 10 words)By having dinner with a big cake and presents./They had dinner with a big cake and presents.2.Why didnt the author want to celebrate her birthday this year?(No more t
27、han 11 words)Because she knew she couldnt receive her daughter Pattys call/wishes.Or:Because her daughter Patty passed away and couldnt send her wishes.-22-A AB BC C3.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?(No more than 8 words)It might help her forget sadness/sad thin
28、gs/Pattys death.4.What happened when the author was doing some washing one day?(No more than 15 words)She accidentally dropped her phone into the washing machine and lost the voicemail from Patty.5.What do you think of the story?Give your reasons in your own words.(No more than 20 words)(Open.)I thi
29、nk it is moving/touching.Because whatever happens,the great love between parents and children still exists.-23-A AB BC CThe only thing sweeter than finding a cupcake in your lunchbox is finding a loving,handwritten note.When Skye Gould was in the sixth grade,her mother sent her to school each day wi
30、th an inspiring note packed in her lunch.The notes varied in their message,but always contained a piece of“Lunchbox Letter Advice.”More than a decade later,as her masters thesis(论文)for Ohio Universitys School of Visual Communication,Skye used dozens of the letters to create the website“Advice from M
31、y Mom.”The site shares the notes and encourages others to think about effective advice theyve received from their loved ones.-24-A AB BC C“It was important to me and I loved getting them,”Gould told the media about the letters.“Rereading them for the first time for the project,I didnt realize there
32、were so many things that stuck with me.”Stephanie Skylar,Goulds mom,wrote her daughter more than 100 notes from 2003 to 2004,Gould said on her website.During this period,Skylar was working full-time and the notes allowed her to feel connected to her 12-year-old daughter when they were apart,and gave
33、 her confidence and advice.“Its a vulnerable(易受伤害的)time in any girls life.I wanted to implant positive messages in Skyes head without sounding like a strict mom,”Skylar said.“I didnt want her to fall into the pack with the others.I wanted her to be independent,strong and happy.”-25-A AB BC CThe lett
34、ers were successful in their mission.Gould earned her masters degree earlier this month,and shared on her website that she is now working as a graphic designer in New York.“Shes kind and funny and it just turned out great,”Skylar told ABC about her daughters project.“Obviously those messages sunk in
35、 at some point;it just took 23 years to get it there.”-26-A AB BC C1.When did Skye Goulds mother begin to write notes to her?(No more than 10 words)When Skye Gould was in the sixth grade.2.Why did Skye Gould create the website“Advice from My Mom”?(No more than 10 words)To complete her masters thesis
36、.3.Why did Stephanie Skylar pack an inspiring note in her daughters lunch?(No more than 15 words)She wanted her daughter to be independent,strong and happy./She wanted to give her daughter positive messages.4.What does the underlined word“implant”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?(No more than 5 words)Pass on/Impart.-27-A AB BC C5.What do you think of Stephanie Skylars notes to her daughter?Give your reasons.(No more than 30 words.)They are very useful and powerful to her daughter.Not only did they help Skye Gould grow,but also helped her earn her masters degree.
