1、FUNTIONS IN SENTENCESFor Senior 句子成分包括：主语 谓语 表语 宾语1、及物动词宾语和介词宾语；2、直接宾语和间接宾语 补足语 定语 状语原因、时间、地点、方式、条件、结果、目的、比较、让步、程度主语 名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式、wh+动词不定式、从句 都可以作主语。1.Our master is very kind.2.He is a good boy.3.Teaching them English is her job.4.To work with them is very interesting 5.It is necessary for him
2、 to attend the meeting tomorrow.6.It is necessary that he will attend the meeting tomorrow.(注意对比)It was in the book-shop that I met one of my old classmates last Sunday.7.What to do next is unknown.8.What we will do next is unknown.谓语 谓语 包括时态和语态。I.时态现在时 一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时 1)He doesnt work in thi
3、s factory.2)Is Tom watching TV in the sitting-room now?3)They have learned three English songs already.4)We have been learning English for almost two years since Mr.Brown taught us.过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 1)I didnt go there for some food yesterday.2)They were doing their homework when I entered
4、their classroom.3)Before he arrived at the cinema,the film had been on for four minutes.4)He said he would come here to help us.将来时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 1)Will they visit the museum next Sunday?2)I will be waiting for you at the school gate at 5 oclock tomorrow evening.3)She will have finished the repo
5、rt by the end of next month.II.语态 基本结构be+动词的过去分词 现在时 一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时 1)Our bedroom is often kept clean every day.2)Is our car being repairing in the garagenow?3)The building over there has been built.It is for women and children.过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 1)Was this dictionary bought last Tuesday?2
6、)The performance was being given in the street when I was passing by.3)The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents got to the hospital.4)The manager said that the goods would be sent to the chain-shops as soon as possible.将来时 一般将来时 将来完成时 1)A new chemical works will be built among th
7、e hills far away from our town.2)The meeting will have been ended by 6 oclock this afternoon.宾语 名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式、wh+动词不定式、从句 都可以作宾语。宾语包括及物动词宾语和介词宾语。1)I dont know the man over there.2)He wants to be an engineer.3)Alice thinks it interesting to swim with her sister.4)Did you enjoy playing games with
8、 them at the last party?5)Do you know where to hold the sports meet?6)I dont know where the sports meet will be held.7)We are interested in English and maths.8)We must prevent the rivers from being polluted.直接宾语和间接宾语 1.He passed me a bottle of salt.2.He promised his teacher to help us.(对比)He asked h
9、is teacher to help him.3.She asked me a question just now.(对比)Mark made London the base for the revolution.表语 名词、形容词、表示方向地点的副词、动词-ing、动词的过去分词、动词不定式、WH+动词不定式、介词短语、从句 都可以作表语。1)He isnt a teacher.2)John is quite tall.3)Are they in?4)His full-time job is selling newspapers.(对比)He is selling newspapers no
10、w.5)The cup is broken.(对比)The cup was broken by the cat last night.6)He was to leave when the phone rang.7)The question is when and where to go for picnic.8)The question is when and where we will go for a picnic.9)The children are in the reading-room now.补足语 补足语 可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语 名词、形容词、表示方向地点的副词、动词-in
11、g、动词的过去分词、动词不定式、介词短语等都可以作补足语 1)We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting.Jack was made monitor at the last class meeting.2)Did you find our room very dirty?Was our room found very dirty?3)Let him in,please.4)Someone found him swimming in the river when it was getting dark.He was found swimm
12、ing in the river when it was getting dark.5)I heard him sing three pop songs in the next room last night.He was heard to sing three pop songs in the next room last night.6)I asked him to give her his uncles phone number.He was asked to give her his uncles phone number.7)He found his house broken int
13、o when he got home.His house was found broken into when he got home.8)Did you see him under the tree alone?Was he seen under the tree alone?定语 定语可分为：前置定语和后置定语。形容词、物主代词的所有格、(单个)动词ing形式、(单个)过去分词常作前置定语。1)The tall boy is Toms elder brother.2)The dancing hall is being repaired now.3)The broken cup isnt m
14、ine.4)The sleeping girl is my younger sister.else 常作后置定语。形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything 等词常作后置定语。形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式、动词ing短语、动词过去分词短语、定语从语等都常作后置定语。else 常作后置定语 1)Mum,is there anything else for me to do?2)What else did you say at the last meeting?3)Who else went there with you last night?4)W
15、here else have you been besides Shanghai?形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything 等词常作后置定语 1)A:Anything else to buy besides meat?B:Nothing else.Thank you,Jack.2)A:Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?B:Yes.Look!And here is something important.形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式、动词ing短语、动词过去分词短语、定语从语等都常
16、作后置定语 1)The boy full of bravery rushed into the burning house and carried an old lady out.2)Do you know the man with a blue hat on his head?3)Sorry,I cant go with you because Ill have something important to write.4)Boys and girls,today there is a little homework to do.5)The building being built next
17、 to the park is for the children.6)He cant recognize the bike stolen two weeks ago.7)The man whose son is a soldier lives here.8)The house where Lu Xun once lived is still there.9)The reason why he didnt go to school sounds reasonable.注意 enough 和 nearby 1)I havent got enough money.I cant afford it.2
18、)We have time enough to do the work.3)If you are in trouble,ask a policeman nearby for help.=If you are in trouble,ask a nearby policeman for help.状语(原因、时间、地点、方式、条件、结果、目的、比较、让步、程度、伴随)1.原因状语 1)Tom didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill/because of his illness.2)Since all of us are here,lets b
19、egin our meeting.3)Having finished my homework,I went out to play football.4)Why didnt you attend my birthday party?5)As it was late,I made haste to go.(注意)Get up,Tom,for the birds are singing.2.时间状语 1)They will be there at 8:00a.m.tomorrow.2)The train had left before we got to the railway station.3
20、)It was then that I recognize him at the airport.4)Only when she entered her house,did she find everything stolen.5)Seeing the old photos,he remembered his life in the countryside.6)Having been taken to the hospital,the injured in the accident were taken good care of.7)Once seen,it will never be for
21、gotten.3.地点状语 1)They wanted to go there for help.2)My father works in this factory.3)We,young people,should go where there are a lot of difficulties.4.方式状语 1)I will go to visit the museum by bike this Sunday.2)A:How did you get to the mountain?B:On Food.3)He looked at me strangely.4)The children cam
22、e into the classroom,singing and laughing.5)The professor came in,followed by his assistants.5)Alice sat there with a book in her hand.=Alice sat there,book in hand.5.条件状语 真实条件 1)If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out for a picnic.2)I wont come unless I am invited.=I wont come if not invited.3)You will
23、 go out so long as you promise to come back before 10 oclock tonight.(注意)I dont know if he is in the lab now.虚拟条件 1)If I were you,I wouldnt say that.2)He would see my uncle if he stayed here now.3)You would have met the famous professor if you had attended the meeting.=Had you attended the meeting,y
24、ou would have met the famous professor.4)If I were here tomorrow,I would join you in the camp.5)If you were to see it,you would always remember it forever.=Were you to see it,you would always remember it forever.6)I would telephone her as soon as possible if she should be interested in it.=Should sh
25、e be interested in it,I would telephone her as soon as possible.6.结果状语 1)He is so kind that all the children here likes him very much.2)John got up so early that he caught the first bus this morning.3)We sat at the back of the meeting-room so that nobody saw us.4)He is so young to go to school.5)He
26、isnt tall enough to reach the book on the top of the shelf.7.目的状语 1)He started at 6:00 a.m.in order that he could arrive there in time.=He started at 6:00 a.m.in order to arrive there in time.=He started at 6:00 a.m.so that he could arrive there in time.=He started at 6:00 a.m.so as to arrive there
27、in time.=In order to arrive there in time,he started at 6:00 a.m.2)He went there for some assistance.3)She came here to borrow some books.4)A:What did he come here for?B:For some food.5)A:What did he come here for?B:To buy some food.8.比较状语 I.同级比较 1)He is as tall as I.2)This river is twice as long as
28、 that one.3)He doesnt work so hard as his brother.4)This rope is the same length as that one.II.比较级 1)Bob is taller than Tom.2)He ran much faster than his classmate,Jacky.3)This watch is three times more expensive than that one.4)Which is better,A or B?5)It is getting warmer and warmer.6)The more yo
29、u learn,the more you get.7)He is taller than any other classmate in my class.=He is taller than anyone else in my class.=He is the tallest student in my class.(注意)He gave more food to me than to Joan.He meJoan He gave more food to me than Joan.Heme JoanIII.最高级 1)The Changjiang River is the longest r
30、iver in China.2)This is the most interesting book among these four books.3)In the race Tim ran fastest.4)Of those five girls Alice swims best.5)Who is the tallest,Tim,Jack or Bob?6)Who works hardest,Tim,Jack,Bob or John?7)This park is more beautiful than any other park in our city.8)This desk is str
31、ongest than anything else in this room.9)She studies hardest than anybody else in our class.hardest than any other student9.让步状语 1)Although he is young,he knows a lot.=Young as he is,he knows a lot.2)Though she is a girl,she can lift the big stone.=Girl as she is,she can lift the big stone.3)You mus
32、t continue your work even though you are very tired.4)He looked as if he were ill.10.程度状语 1)He works very hard.2)The man is so tall that he can reach the apple on the top of the tree.3)It is quite hot today.4)This dictionary is very helpful.(注意)This dictionary is of great help.5)My brother knows Taishan better than I.7)He has greatly improved his English.6)He studies much harder than his brother.(注意)He knows much about Chinese History.The End Thank you for coming to attend this lesson.
