1、1情态动词对过去推测的虚拟表达即“情态动词+have+过去分词”结构是情态动词这一语法当中的一个难点，也是历届高考试题考查的一个重点，因此，大家必须理解并牢固掌握这一结构的特点和用法。下面我结合近年来相关高考试题，就“情态动词+have+过去分词”这一结构的基本用法作如下归纳和分析。2 3例1.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.(NMET 2005北京)A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 简析简析:答案为B。本题考查“must+hav
2、e+ed”结构表示对过去的肯定推测用法。句意为：他一定是完成了工作，否则，他不会在海边玩的这么开心。而“should+have+ed”则表示应该做某事却没做；“cant+have+ed”是“must+have+ed”的否定式；wouldnt表示“不会”均不符合题意。故B正确。4例2.Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?Something _to him.（2005江西）A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened简析简
3、析:答案为D。由上句句意可知，汤姆从来上班不迟到的，说明他在对方说话前肯定出了什么事情，表示一种很肯定的推测。故D正确。5例3.-Guess what!I have got A for my term paper.-Great!You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.（NMET 2007上海）A.mustB.should C.must haveD.should have简析简析:答案为C。“must+have+ed”结构表示对过去可能性的肯定推测，由语境“I have got A for my term paper”可知，他在得A之前肯定
4、进行了大量的阅读并倾注了许多心血。故C正确。67例1.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_ have taken it?(NMET 2003上海春季)A.should B.must C.could D.would简析简析:答案为C。should+have+ed表示本来应该做某事而却没做；must+have+ed表示过去一定那样做了，would have+ed常用于表示虚拟语气，均不符合题意。could have taken表示对过去可能性的推断，由上句可知，我的英汉词典不在了，可能是谁把它拿走了。故C正确。8例2.My siste
5、r met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _your lecture.(NMET 2000上海)A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended简析简析:答案为A。cant/couldnt+have+ed表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”，由“My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,”可知，他不可能参加讲
6、座。故A正确。9例3.You _ it better,but you were too careless.A.shouldnt have done B.could have done C.neednt have done D.mustnt have done简析简析:答案为B。could have done表示对过去没有做某事的遗憾，本句意为“本来应该做的更好的（但实际上由于太粗心却没有做好）”，含有轻微的责备。故B正确。1011例 Sorry,Im late.I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(NM
7、ET 2000京、皖春季卷)A.might B.should C.can D.will简析简析:答案为A。might+have ed表示过去可能做某事，由所提供的语境“Im late”可知，说话人可能把闹钟关上了，而不是本来不应该把闹钟关上而关上了。而“should+have+ed”表示本来应该做某事而却没做；“can+have+ed”表示对过去某情况的可能性的推测，多用于否定句和疑问句当中；will常用来表示将来或意愿。故A正确。12再如：Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she might have said
8、something she would regret later.昨天，琼离开了讨论会。否则她或许会说些她后来感到后悔的事情的。1314例1.-My cats really fat.-You _ have given her so much food.(NMET 2007湖南)A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt 简析简析:答案为C。couldnt+have+ed表示对过去的否定性推测,意为“不可能”;“must+have+ed”的否定式推测用cant+have+ed”，而不用mustnt+have+ed;wouldnt+have+ed结构常用于虚拟语
9、气当中，均不符合题意。shouldnt+have+ed表示对做过的事的责备，意为“本来不该给猫太多的食物的（但实际上却已经给了它太多的食物了，以致于猫太胖了）”。故C正确。15例2.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?(NMET 1999上海)A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have简析简析:答案为D。must+have+ed结构表示对过去可能性的肯定推测；need 表示推测常用于否定句当中；should+动词原形表示（现在）应该那
10、么做；ought to+have+ed表示本来应该做而没有做，意为“昨天的宴会上有许多有趣的事，你理应来的，但你为什么没来呢？”。故D正确。16例3.Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You_her last week.(NMET2004福建)A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should have told简析简析:答案为D。该题考查情态动词对过去的推测。should+have+ed表示“本该做而没做某事”，其否定式为“本不该做而做了”。此句表示“你本该上周告诉她的（却没有告诉）”，
11、故D正确。1718例 Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You_it.I could manage it myself.(NMET2005，福建)A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done简析简析:答案为B。此题考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用。mustnt do意为“不许做”；shouldnt have done意为“本来不应该做而做了”，这两个选项在意义上都不通，neednt do表示一般时态的没必要；neednt have done表示“本来没
12、有必要”，指对过去事件的评论，这与句意“你本来没有必要替我打扫房间的”，因为“我自己能打扫的”是一致的。故B正确。191.-She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam.-I guess so.Its not difficult after all.（NMET 2007江苏）A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2.He_have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt enjoy himself by the seaside.(NMET2005北京)A.should B.must C.
13、wouldnt D.cant 3.I put my umbrella here behind the door a moment ago,but its gone.Who _it away by mistake?A.can take B.might take C.could have taken D.must have taken204.No wonder you caught a cold.You _out last night without a coat.I know how silly I was.A.shouldnt have gone B.mustnt have gone C.co
14、uldnt have gone D.mightnt have gone5.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It_a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been6.Although there is no life on Mars now,some scientists think that there _ some form of life a lon
15、g time ago.A.must beB.may have beenC.can have beenD.could be217.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him,I suppose.(NMET2007安徽)A.should B.can C.would D.must8.Look！There was plenty of time.We _.A.mustnt have hurried B.couldnt have hurried C.must not hurry
16、 D.neednt have hurried9.Dont be so anxious about that.John _ a note.A.may leave B.should leave C.might have left D.can have left10.You_to the school earlier this morning because you have a lot of homework to do.A.should come to B.ought to have come C.can come to D.might come to 22 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C B 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B 23
