1、动词的时态动词的时态初高中衔接初高中衔接语法语法.The Father and His SonFather:You know,Tom,when Lincoln _(be)your age,he _(be)a very good pupil.In fact,he _(be)the best pupil in his class.Tom:Yes,Father.I _(know)that.But when he _(be)your age,he_(be)President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow.一般时一般时进行时进行时完成时完成时完成进行完
2、成进行时时现在现在dodoesbe(am/is/are)doinghave doneHave/has been doing过去过去didwas/were doinghad done/将来将来will/shall do;be going to dowill be doing/过去过去将来将来would/should do;was/were going to do/初中，基本用法高中，更系统高中高中.英语中的十六种时态英语中的十六种时态,考纲要求掌考纲要求掌握握10种：种：1.一般现在时一般现在时 2.一般过去时一般过去时3.一般将来时一般将来时 4.一般过去将来时一般过去将来时 5.现在进行时现
3、在进行时 6.过去进行时过去进行时7.将来进行时将来进行时8.过去将来进行时过去将来进行时.9.现在完成时现在完成时10.过去完成时过去完成时 11.将来完成时将来完成时 12.过去将来完成时过去将来完成时 13.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 14.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 15.将来完成进行时将来完成进行时 16.过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 .一般时的基本用法I leave home for school at 7 every morning.The earth moves around the sun.It is time you went to bed.一般时的基本用法Wh
4、ich paragraph shall I read first?What are you going to do tomorrow？We are to discuss the report next Saturday.1.一般现在时一般现在时:do does用法：用法：A)表示现在的状态、特征、表示现在的状态、特征、情况情况They live in the same building.B)经常性、习惯性动作经常性、习惯性动作（常与（常与usually,always,every day,twice a week,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。）He works
5、 eight hours every day.C)C)客观事实和普遍真理客观事实和普遍真理,格言或警句格言或警句 等）等）The sun rises in the east.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。太阳从东方升起。It snows in the winter.It snows in the winter.D)表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况.(一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时间状语连用等动词中，常与时间状语连用)The meetin
6、g is at 2:00 p.m.下午两天开会下午两天开会The plane takes off at ten.E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，如果如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时一般现在时,代替将来时。代替将来时。Ill not go unless Im invited.Tell him the news as soon as he comes.(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun.改错(movedmoves)(
7、2)We always care for each other and help each other.)The shop will close at 11：00 pm.改错(will closecloses).3.一般过去时一般过去时1.结构结构:did/was/wereA)表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday,last night)B)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用）We
8、often played badminton together when we were children我们小时候常在一起我们小时候常在一起 打羽毛球。打羽毛球。(表过去习惯性的动词，也可用表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/used to do 句型）句型）.他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。He used to/would go to work by bus.5.一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表常和表示将来的时间状语连用示将来的时间状语连用基本结构基本结构 :will/shall+动词原形动词原形 I
9、shall graduate next year.You wont succeed without their support.其他将来时的表达方式：其他将来时的表达方式：1）be going to do表示打算、计划、决定要做的事表示打算、计划、决定要做的事;“有迹象表明或预示着将发生有迹象表明或预示着将发生Look at the dark clouds;its going to rain.看那乌云，快要下雨了。看那乌云，快要下雨了。2)be about to do表示眼下马上就要发生的动作表示眼下马上就要发生的动作 He is about to leave for Beijing.He i
10、s about to leave for Beijing.他他马上要去北京。马上要去北京。.3)be+to do表示表示计划中约定计划中约定的必须将发生的行为；的必须将发生的行为；按职责义务必须去做的事情按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作Youre to deliver these flowers before 10.你你在在10点钟之前把这些花送去。点钟之前把这些花送去。4)be+doing主要用于主要用于go,come,leave,start等表示去向的等表示去向的短暂性动词。如：短暂性动词。如：Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。明天我要走了。.You _ your
11、 papers by 10 oclock.到到10点你得交上试卷。点你得交上试卷。Look at the dark clouds.It_看那乌云，快要下雨了。看那乌云，快要下雨了。.小男孩就要摔倒了。小男孩就要摔倒了。The little boy _fall over.我们马上出发。我们马上出发。We_ to start off.are to hand inis going to rainis going toare about.在在“祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句”句型中，陈述句中句型中，陈述句中只能用只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如：或情态动词加动词原形。如：Work ha
12、rd,and you will pass the exam.努力学努力学习，你就会通过考试。习，你就会通过考试。1._ straight on and youll see a church You wont miss it（2004年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A Go B Going C If you go D When going .进行时的基本用法.结构结构:be(am,are,is)+doing用法用法:A表示说话时正在进行的动作表示说话时正在进行的动作Someones knocking at the door.B.表示表示现阶段现阶段内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作但说话时动作未
13、必正在进行。未必正在进行。He is teaching at a night school.1.现在进行时现在进行时.C.现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动(用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来)Hes arriving tomorrow morning.D.现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never 等等频度副词连用，频度副词连用，连用，连用，表达厌烦、表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪（表责怪,不满不满）You a
14、re always forgetting the important things.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）He is always working hard.三、对现在进行时的考查三、对现在进行时的考查由由上下文语境上下文语境表示时间。表示时间。Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.has closed down closed down C.is closing down D.had closed down.2.过去进行时过去进行时结构：结构：was/were+doing用法：用法
15、：A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状通常有时间状语语例：例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.B.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用长的动作要用过去进行时过去进行时，而另一个动作用，而另一个动作用一般一般过去时。过去时。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。When I entered the room,she was sitting at her desk.你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。你敲前门时，我正在洗
16、头发。I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.C.瞬间动词瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。示过去将要发生的动作。（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时）He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _!(98 N)A.promises
17、B.promisedC.will promise D.had promisedB.完成时的基本用法.7.现在完成时现在完成时结构结构:have(has)+过去分词过去分词现在完成时表示现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与下边这些时间状语连用常与下边这些时间状语连用：如如:so far,up to now,recently,in the past ten year
18、s,since+时间点时间点,for+一段时间，一段时间，just,already,yet,等等等等.在下列句型中要用现在完成时在下列句型中要用现在完成时:This/It is the first/second time+that 从句从句(完成时完成时)这是我第二次来北京了。这是我第二次来北京了。2.This(that/It)is the+形容词最高级形容词最高级.that 从句从句这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.3.It has been+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句（主句部分要用现在
19、完成时，从句后面，既主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后要用后要用一般过去时一般过去时）他参军以来已经有两年了他参军以来已经有两年了.It has been two years since he joined the armyThis is the second time that I have come to Beijing.1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，
20、我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。完成时。2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。.8.过去完成时过去完成时结构结构：had+done表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经
21、完成。既既过去的过去。过去的过去。常与时间状语常与时间状语by the end of+过去时间点，过去时间点，before+过去时间过去时间/过去动作过去动作,by+过去时间，过去时间，until then 等连用等连用 eg.They had got everything ready before I came.到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了。Until then,we _for six months.hadnt heard from him.过去完成时，经常过去完成时，经常以以“过去过去”为背景为背景，要想表达比这，要想表达比这一背景更早的
22、动作，即一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时，常用此时态。态。Eg.When we got to the theatre,they had sold all the tickets.What a pity!had sold gotNow过去的过去过去的过去.When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.had run awayhad begun.常见考点有：常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有把过去完成时
23、放在含有when,before,after,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。中考查。1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hiding D.was starting;hid.过去完成时典型用法过去完成时典型用法:表示
24、愿望、打算一类的词，如：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其等，其过去完过去完成时成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。含有惋惜的意思。I had intended to call on you yesterday我本来昨天打算要去看你。（但没去）I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）.Hardly had+主语主语 donewhen+主语主语did;No sooner had+主语主语+donethan+主语主语di
25、d scarcely had+主语主语 donewhen+主语主语+did 意为意为“一一.就就”他刚睡下门铃就响了。他刚睡下门铃就响了。Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.翻译以下句子：翻译以下句子：1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。2.这是我第一次当众讲话。这是我第一次当众讲话。(用用 it is)3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。1.By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world.2.It
26、 is the first time Ive spoken in public3.The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。他总是开着窗子睡觉。5.他一来，她就离开他一来，她就离开.（no soonerthan)4.He always sleeps with the windows open.5.No sooner had He 5.No sooner had He comecome than she left than she left.9.9.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 (has
27、/have been doing)(has/have been doing)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：I have been looking for my lost book for three days,but I still havent found it.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别如下：的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article.I have been writing an article.2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词
28、，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years.=I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表表短暂动作的动词短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,get up,come,go等）等）一般不能用现在完成进行时一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：已完成性强调：持续性，未完成性强调：持续性，未完成性.过去将来时过去将来时.过去将来时过去将来时1)基本结构基本结构:would/S
29、hould+动词原形动词原形表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句和常用于宾语从句和间接引语间接引语。The boy promised he _ (work)hard.I told my parents I _ (return)early.would workshould/would return.2).其他表示过去将来的句型其他表示过去将来的句型 was(were)going to was(were)to +动词原形动词原形 was(were)about to.Practice _ perfe
30、ct.(make)2.We often _ together when we were children.(play)3.I _ at an evening school these days.(study)4.I did tell my friends what_ to them if they didnt follow my advice.(happen)5.I called Jim many times yesterday evening,but I couldnt get through.His mother _(talk)on the phone all the time.would
31、 happen was talkingFill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.exercisesmakesplayedam studying.6.When the police arrived,the thieves _away(run).7.Look at the clouds;it _ (rain).8.The Chinese _paper for two thousand years.(make)9.Hur
32、ry up,the plane _(take)off at 6 oclock.10.This is the first time that I _her song.(hear)have been making is going to rainhad runhave heardtakes.ExercisesI usually _ up at 6:00,but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get)Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.I _(be)in Beijing for two y
33、ears.How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading.6.I _ never _(hear)of that man before.7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.8.Lily said she _(put)on the new dress the next day.9._ the story _(happen)in Lo
34、ndon in 1949?10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing.11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.12._ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13.They _(not)call you the day after tomorrow.14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.15.By the time I _(walk)
35、into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay.Jenny Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(come)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.Two years ago,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(not have)any friends,so she _(f
36、eel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit.1 I dont know if she _,but if 1 I dont know if she _,but if she _ I will let you know.she _ I will
37、 let you know.A.comes,comes A.comes,comes B.will come,will come B.will come,will comeC.comes,will come C.comes,will come D.will come,comesD.will come,comesD.B2.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A.have run out B.are running outC.have been run o
38、ut D.are being run out3My father retired from the steel factory last month,and he _ there for more than twenty years.A worked B has worked C had been working D was working A.4.We had hoped to catch the 104.We had hoped to catch the 10：20 20 train,but _ it was gone.train,but _ it was gone.A.found B.h
39、ad A.found B.had foundfoundC.would find D.would have C.would find D.would have foundfoundA5.5.This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family.(2009陕西陕西)Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seenD.6You were out when I dropped in at 6You were out when I dropped in at your house.your house.Oh
40、,I _ for a friend from Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.England at the airport.（20042004年福建年福建卷）卷）A.was waiting B.had waited A.was waiting B.had waited C.am waiting D.have waitedC.am waiting D.have waited.7 7You _ television.Why not do something more active？A.always watch B.are always
41、 watchingC.have always watched D.have always been watchingBB8.Mr Smith _ tonight.”“But he promised.”doesnt come B.isnt comingC.didnt come D.hadnt come.9 Ann is in hospital.Oh，really？I _ know.I _ go and visit her.(2009江苏江苏)Adidnt；am going to Bdont；would Cdont；will Ddidnt；willkey points10 Hey,look whe
42、re you are going！”“Oh,Im terribly sorry._.”A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticed D.I dont noticeDB.11Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea.He _ it this morning.（2004年全国卷）年全国卷）A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done12.Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont kno
43、w whether she has finished it.(98）A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing.高考题点击：高考题点击：13.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.（05辽宁卷）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called14 I _ ping-pong quite well,but I ha
44、vent had time to play since the new year.(2001 N)A.will play B.have playedC.playedD.playBD说明说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平被称为太平洋洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。.3.Since I won the big prize,my telephon
45、e hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.（05湖南卷）A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning 4.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.(2001 N)A.is changingB.has changed C.will have changedD.will change说明说明：自从我赢了
46、大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示表示“不停的打电话不停的打电话”。说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展，飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。等。DA.5._ my sister three times today but her line was always bus
47、y.（05北京春季）A.Id phoned B.Ive been phoning C.Ive phoned D.I was phoning 6.-You havent been to Beijing,have you?-_.How I wish to go there!(98 N)A.Yes,I haveB.Yes,I havent C.No,I haveD.No,I havent说明说明：此题的干扰源是后面的此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动
48、作，所以用一般过去时。线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。说明说明：从补充的句子从补充的句子“How I wish to go there!”可知可知“我我”没到过北京。没到过北京。CD.7.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.(98 N)A.paintedB.had painted C.have been paintingD.have painted8.Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to school,but she hasnt dec
49、ided yet.（04北京）A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider说明说明：这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在，现在完成进行时表示完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“一直在做一直在做”。CB说明：说明：她她“一直在考虑返校一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，是现在完成进行时，“还还没作决定没作决定”是现在的结果。是现在的结果。.高考题点击：高考
50、题点击：1.If a man _ succeed,he must work as hard as he can.(95 上海)A.willB.is toC.is going toD.should2.-Youve left the light on.-Oh,so I have._ and turn it off.(2000 N)A.Ill goB.Ive goneC.I goD.Im going说明说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。说明说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是
