1、1IELTS写作21.雅思写作概述及评分标准 1.1 课程目标 1.2 课程安排 1.3 授课理念 1.4 小作文基本情况 1.5 大作文基本情况 1.6 分数计算 1.7 答题纸 1.8 书写格式 1.9 雅思写作评分标准说明31.1 课程目标1.1.1 官方信息来源1.1.2 全球三大考区总体情况1.1.3 中国大陆考区总体情况41.1.1 官方信息来源http:/www.ielts.org/researchers/analysis_of_test_data/test_taker_performance_2010.aspx Test taker performance 201051.1.2
2、 全球三大考区总体情况61.1.3 中国大陆考区总体情况71.2 课程安排 雅思写作授课大纲新东方雅思写作基础教材剑桥系列81.3 授课理念动脑+动笔没有理解，练习亦是枯燥没有练习，理解亦是空白课堂互动+作业提交91.4 小作文基本情况1.4.1 数据类图表题1.4.1 非数据类图表题 101.4.1 数据类图表题39/48 81%Line 5 Pie 8Bar 13Table 12Combination 1111.4.1 非数据类图表题 9/48 19%MapDiagram Flow 121.5 大作文基本情况1.5.1 议论类1.5.2 说明类131.5.1 议论类Discuss both
3、 views and give your own opinion Do the advantages outweigh disadvantages怎样的观点“正确”？怎样写顺手？141.5.2 说明类Problem+Reasons+Solution151.6 分数计算分数构成分数构成That is to sayOverall=40%task1+60%task2Task1:8 Task2:3Overall=3.2+1.8=54:6161.7 答题纸 12 words per lineTask 1 13 lines page1-2Task 2 20 lines page3-4见好就收 171.8
4、书写格式1819201.9 评分标准说明2122Task Response是否涵盖要点；是否切题、合理Coherence and Cohesion句语句、段与段的衔接Lexical Resources 用词的准确性和灵活性Grammatical Range and Accuracy语法多样性和准确性232.小作文透析及派图解析2.1 小作文总体审题特点 2.10 派图介绍2.2 小作文写作必备能力 2.11 派图的写作技巧2.3 小作文考点热点 2.12 派图的重难点2.4 小作文综合预测 2.13 派图词汇基础之占据2.5 小作文注意事项 2.14 派图词汇基础之倍数2.6 小作文开头段写法
5、 2.15 派图主语替换技巧2.7 小作文主体段要求 2.16 派图的常用句型2.8 小作文主体段顺序2.9 小作文结尾段写法242.1 小作文总体审题特点 2.1.1 审题2.1.2 构思252.1.1 审题先阅读introduction的内容，找到两个基本要素描写对象&时间 找出描写对象：有助于加速写出引言段 找出时间：有助于确定时态262.1.2 构思 各类题型构思方向Line graph 曲线图：按时间顺序Bar chart 柱状图：按时间顺序（含时间要素）与其他对象比较（无时间要素）Pie chart 派图：类似柱状图Table 表格：注意纵向、横向比较Diagrams 图表：注意顺
6、序承接性&被动语态（流程图&地图）272.2 小作文写作必备能力 迅速确定描写对象&构思方向 迅速筛选出有用信息 迅速根据筛选出的信息组织相应的语句282.3 小作文考点热点数据类图表为主导派图：占有线图：趋势，速度柱图：比对表格：数据分析292.4 小作文综合预测302.5 小作文注意事项 看清属于什么题型的图表，是一幅图还是两幅或者是以上的图；注意不同类型图表的技巧（包括时态、语态、关键描述词语与句型）；划出并分析题目中的关键内容，分析图表中的关键特征点（依据各种图表的特点来决定）考虑结构（开头引言，描述特征，可能总结）312.6 小作文开头段写法同义替换32Opening 轻松写第一句之
7、单词改写：The diagram below shows chart=graph=diagram(line/curve,pie,bar)table=figures=statistics diagram=picture Show =display/reveal/indicate/reflect =illustrate/demonstrate =give information about =unfold a clear picture of 33Opening 轻松写第一句之万用句型：1,This bar chart displays the number of men and women en
8、rolled in future education in Britain during three periods.2,It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the processions in Malaysia were almost totally dominated by men.3,The percentage of various types of households struck by poverty in Australia in 1999 is indicated in the table.4,As
9、 is revealed in the diagram,the number of hours per week spent on unpaid work is unequally distributed between men and women.34时间的描述1,In+月份、年、年代月份、年、年代 In 1980s;In the period betweenand.2,Fromto,Between and,At/by the end of,Until/before/after,About/some From 2008 onwards till At/by the end of this y
10、ear/century About/some 200 years ago3,For/during+时间段时间段,Over a year period,Throughout ,When it enters,At the turn of the During the first/second half of the year;During the remainder of the year;Over a ten year period=over a decade;Throughout the 20th century;When it entered 2009;At the turn of the
11、new century35Opening 轻松写36Opening 轻松写Paraphrase单词替换 Demand=used/need/requirement/consumption Typical=average/representative/commonuse=consumeHome=household/family37Opening 轻松写Compound Sentence句子合成 The curve chart reveals the electricity needed in England during average days in winter and summer and
12、the pie graph indicates how electricity is consumed in a typical English household.38Opening 轻松写Passive Voice The need for electricity in England during average days in winter and summer and how the electricity is consumed in a typical English household are revealed in the charts.39Opening 轻松写Paraph
13、rase单词替换 proportion=percentage/share/statistics/figures Different=variousCategory=type/kind/groupFamily=household/homeFamilies living in poverty=poor families =families(who were living)in poverty =families(who were)struck by poverty40Opening 轻松写41Opening 轻松写1,The table offers information about the p
14、ercentage of various types of households who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.42Opening 轻松写2,The table gives a statistics of different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.43Opening 轻松写3,The percentage of various types of households struck by poverty in Australi
15、a in 1999 is indicated in the table.44Opening 课堂练习45Opening 课堂练习Travel=tour/trip/visitThe UK=Britain(not England!)Most=topPopular=favorite/fashionable/stylishCountry=nation UK residents to visit =UK travelers/visitors/tourists46Opening 课堂练习The diagrams reveal visits to and from Britain and the top 5
16、 favorite nations in 1999 for UK tourists.47Opening 课堂练习Visits to and from Britain and the top 5 favorite nations in 1999 for UK tourists are revealed by/in the diagrams.484950512.7 小作文主体段要求数字文字比对The percentage of males and females arrested during the last 5 years and causes of arrest in 2007 are in
17、dicated in the diagrams.522.8 小作文主体段顺序数据类非数据类532.9 小作文结尾段写法数据类加结尾非数据类省结尾54Ending 轻松写Ending常用套句：1,From the diagram it can be safely concluded that in the years 1978-1987 Florida developed much more rapidly than the United States as a whole.2,What is worth mentioning is that nuclear power didnt make i
18、ts debut until 1998.3,As a whole/In general/To sum up/In conclusion/In summary/In a nutshell,the data suggest that the increased presence of women in the paid work force has yet to lead to an increased role for men at home.55Ending 轻松写 Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and
19、those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.5657 The line chart illustrates the data about people at a London subway station from 6 am to 10pm.582.10 派图介绍单派双派多派592.11 派图的写作技巧图中找类别按类分段602.12 派图的重难点 如何准确把握图中的信息 如何正确转述图中的信息 如何灵活运用词汇、短语、句型，避免用词单一、句式表达雷同
20、如何精炼语言，避免赘述、啰嗦，避免给评卷人套模板的印象612.13 派图词汇基础之占据RepresentOccupy Stand for Account for 622.16 派图的常用句型“占”：account for,hold,make up,take up,constitute,comprise,represent.百分比：percentage，proportion,share.“约”：the majority of,most of,a considerable number of,a minority of,just over,slightly more than/less than,
21、nearly half 确切数字确切数字 (1)分数与百分比的转化：one third,two fifths.(2)常见表达：a quarter,a half.63整体+局部The following two pie charts illustrate the energy use in the U.S.A.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given in the pie charts below.6465P1The following two pie charts illustrate t
22、he energy use in the U.S.A.The two graphs describe the data of the energy use and the residential energy use in detail in the United States.66P2It can be seen from the first pie chart that the energy is used for four purposes.Specifically,industry accounts for the largest proportion(41%)of the used
23、energy while demand of transportation makes up 26%of the total need of energy.Residential and commercial represent 19%and 14%respectively.67P3According to the second pie chart,it clearly shows that heating and air conditioning account for the largest proportion(62%)in the residential energy use whil
24、e the small appliances makes up the least proportion(10%).The heating water and miscellaneous(including cooking)constitutes 15%and 13%respectively.68P4From the chart,we may have a basic understanding of the situation of energy use in the United States.69ABC比较The graphs below show the annual expendit
25、ure of university students in three countries in 2003.707172The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.73Electric energy production in US7475The proportion of population in the world763.线图柱图及表格图解析3.1 线图审图技巧3.2 线图的写作技巧3.3 线图的重难点3.4 线图写作点展开之上升及相关词汇3.5 线图写作点展开之
26、下降及相关词汇3.6 线图写作点展开之平稳及相关词汇3.7 线图写作点展开之波动及相关词汇3.8 线图写作点展开之极点及相关词汇3.9 线图的常用句型773.10 柱图审图技巧 3.11 柱图的写作技巧3.12 柱图的重难点3.13 柱形图的常用单词3.14 柱形图的常用句型3.15 表格图审图技巧3.16 表格图的写作技巧3.17 表格图的重难点3.18 表格图的常用单词3.19 表格图的常用句型3.线图柱图及表格图解析783.1 线图审图技巧趋势描述速度描述极点交点起点重点的描述793.2 线图的写作技巧趋势描述多样化803.3 线图的重难点交点难掌控图内对比看不出813.4 线图写作点展
27、开之上升及相关词汇IncreaseClimbGo up SoarRocket Shoot up 823.5 线图写作点展开之下降及相关词汇DecreaseFallDropDipGo down833.6 线图写作点展开之平稳及相关词汇Keep stableRemain stable Unchanged Come to a standstill843.7 线图写作点展开之波动及相关词汇Vary Fluctuate起伏 853.8 线图写作点展开之极点及相关词汇Peak atBottom at Reach a plateau863.9 线图的常用句型3.9.1 先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后
28、便平稳3.9.2 对峰值和低谷的描述 3.9.3 趋势相同描述3.9.4 对未来的表述3.9.5 对波动的描述 873.9.1 先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳1.According to the data,the years from tosaw/witness a rise/climb/drop in the number/rate/percentage/proportion of 对象 from 数据 to 数据，which was followed by a rapid decrease/reduce/increase over the.years 882.The numb
29、er/ratedropped/went up again fromin XXX year toin XXX year and then went up/climbed gradually until XXX year,when there was a leveling off/leveling out at 数据 for 一段时间891.Also it can be noticed that in XXX year,the number/percentage reached the bottom.However/on the contrary,XXX year saw the peak dur
30、ing this period.2.时间点，when the number/percentage reached(amounted to)to a peak of/a high point at 3.时间点,when the number/percentage bottomed out(at)3.9.2 对峰值和低谷的描述 90The proportion/number of 对象 in the xx and xx are similar and follow the same trend.In XX the figures were xx%and xx%respectively,rising
31、 to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX,after dipping to xx%and xx%respectively in XXX.Thereafter.3.9.3 趋势相同描述913.9.4 对未来的表述is projected to as tois expected to as foris forecasted to is estimated to923.9.5 对波动的描述as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the fluctuation of fluctuated dramatically b
32、etween xx%and xx%during period.939495Radio and television audiences in the UK,October-December 199296The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.97The line graph below gives information on cinema attendance in the UK.98The graph shows Underground Station Passeng
33、er Numbers in London.993.10 柱图审图技巧 关键是“比较”&“对比”找出similarity&difference既要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，又要分别描写各个柱形的个性特征1003.11 柱图的写作技巧 单柱如果是以时间为横轴的话，就写一下趋势如果是以组为横轴，则直接写。多柱如果数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小的就行，也就是说在比较的过程中想要拿到想要的结果就要找对比鲜明的那一对。把对比最鲜明的几个柱子描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过。1013.12 柱图的重难点当图中出现多于20个柱1023.13 柱形图的常用单词线图派图1033.14 柱形图的常用句型The b
34、ar chart illustrates that.According to the bar chart,.From the bar chart,we can see clearly that.It is clear/apparent from the chart that.The bar chart depicts 描述(that).the bar chart leads us to the conclusion结论 that.104The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and fro
35、m work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.105P1The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.题目The bar graph shows the changing patterns in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters in one European cit
36、y in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.106P2The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20%in 1960 to about 26%in 1980,but then fell back to about 23%in 2000.107P3Use of the tube was relatively stable,falling from around 27%of commuters in 1960 to 22%in 1980,but climbing back to reach
37、 25%by 2000.108P4On the other hand,the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5%in 1960 to 23%in 1980,reaching almost 40%by 2000,whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960,falling from just under 35%in 1960 to 27%in 1980 and only 15%in 2000.109P5The graph indicates the growing us
38、e of cars for commuting to work between 1960-2000,and the continued decline in the popularity of buses from being the most popular mode of transport in 1960 to the least popular in 2000.110The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of suppo
39、rt they received from employers.111The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.112The graph above show information of employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005.113The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European c
40、ountries.1143.15 表格图审图技巧有时间因素表格：按照时间顺序，转化为更为明了的线图有地域因素表格：注意横向比较，并根据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小的典型值进行说明包含其他因素的表格：分别观察各标准在图表中呈现的特征，然后分别说明1153.16 表格图的写作技巧快速浏览题目中的文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段的写作中要注意数据类型的变化和时态一致问题看题目中的表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包括标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表的信息，而非数据本身筛选信息，圈定关键数据 整理写作顺序1163.17 表格图的重难点1.数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很
41、明显的特征2.如何用适当的顺序、结构和衔接方式把表格中体现的特征条理清晰地传达出来3.写的时候如何不遗漏信息1173.18 表格图的常用单词1183.19 表格图的常用句型119agesizenumber120P1The table demonstrates the data regarding the subway system in six cities,including date opened,kilometers of route and passengers per year(in millions)121P2In terms of date opened,London has t
42、he most time-honored(1863)subway system among the six cities while subway system in Los Angeles is the newest one opened in 2001.（最老，最新）Systems in Paris and Tokyo are opened in 1900 and 1927,respectively.时间顺序After that,systems in Washington DC and Kyoto are opened in 1976 and 1981 differently.122As
43、for the size of the railway system,London still ranks the first,meaning it has the longest subway system(384 kilometers)among the six cities,which is roughly twice as large as the system in Paris.（最长）By contrast,subway system in Kyoto is shorter(11 kilometers)than the others even thought it opened i
44、n relatively recent year.（最短）The kilometers of route in Tokyo,Washington DC and Los Angeles are 155,126 and 28 differently.123The third part is passengers per year in millions.More exactly,the top three are Tokyo(1927),Paris(1191)and London(775).Underground railway system in Washington DCs has 144 m
45、illions passengers per year.Systems in Los Angeless and Kyotos carry fewer passengers per year(50 and 45,respectively).124Thus,it can be clearly seen from the table that the subway systems in Tokyo and Paris serves for more passengers whereas the systems in Los Angeles and Kyoto carry fewer passenge
46、rs mainly because of the short route.125The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.剑6 P52126对于不同时间同一事物的比较先相减/相除，后分组哪些是增加，哪些是减少幅度大的与幅度小的分组127128增加的 Car,Long distance bus,Train,Taxi幅度大的 Car +1607减少的 Walking,Bicycle,Local bus幅度大的 Local bus -15512
47、9P1The table demonstrates how different modes of travel changed in England in 15 years spanning from 1985 to 2000.In general,the modes are classified into two kinds in terms of average miles travelled per person per year:one enjoyed rising popularity while the other decreasing.130P2The travel modes
48、which gained popularity in the period included cars,long distance buses,trains,taxis and others.Cars remained top among the modes in the 15 years,with its average miles increasing considerably from 3,199 in 1985 to 4,806 in 2000.Long distance buses and taxis seemed to be warmly welcomed by travelers
49、,so average miles travelled in the two modes almost tripled131P3Travels by walking,bicycles and local buses lost travelers favor in the one and a half decade.Average travelling distance by local buses suffered the biggest decrease,dropping from 429 to 274,while the number of miles by walking and bik
50、es fell mildly from 255 to 237 and from 51 to 41 respectively.132P4Overall,the number of miles travelled by the average per person rose from 4,740 miles in 1985 to 6,475 miles in 2000,with the increase of cars accounting for almost all of that increase.1334 流程图地图解析4.1 流程图审图技巧 4.2 流程图的写作技巧4.3 流程图的重难点
