1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）综合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 5 Living A Healthier Life Yoga in AmericaGlobal Understanding1Origin of Yoga and its popularity in US 2Two schools of hatha yoga3How to practice(Para.1)(Para.2)(Paras.3-5)Global Understanding4Benefits of practicing yoga5Philosophy behindyoga6Resistanc
2、eto yoga(Paras.6-9)(Paras.10-11)(Para.12)IntroductionOrigin of yogaYoga is 5,000 years old.Artifacts detailing _Global Understanding yoga postures have been found in India from over 3,000 B.C.Its popularity in the USEleven million Americans _and six million _.do yoga at least occasionallyperform it
3、regularlyTwo schools of hatha yogaIyengar yoga:was founded by B.K.S.Iyengar,who is widely considered as one of the great living innovators of yoga.It A.puts strict emphasis on _;B.uses traditional hatha yoga techniques _;C.can be good or physical therapy because it allows _;.Ashtanga yoga:can be a m
4、ore _,using a _,which purifies the body through sweating and deep breathing.form and alignmentGlobal Understandingin new manners and sequencesthe use of props like straps and blocksvigorous routineflowing and dance-like sequence of hatha postures to generate body heatHow to practice yogaA.Learn from
5、 _;B.Can be strenuous;C.Stretch and align the body while the _ _;D.Need a _,a mat or towel;E.Need concentration and _.Global Understandingyoga teacher or physical therapist breath and heart rate are kept slow and steadyflat floor surface to stretch out onawareness of breathingBenefits of practicing
6、yogaA.Increase _;B.Reduce stress;C.Increase a persons _ _.Global Understandinggeneral health and stamina strength,flexibility and sense of well-beingPhilosophy behind yogaA.Mind/body connection;B.Physical posture and alignment can influence _;C.Mind can be used to _.Global Understandinga persons moo
7、d and self-esteemshape and heal the bodySome resistance to yoga in the USA.Americans are _;B.Americans like lifting weights or running.Global Understandingactive and busyTask 2Work in groups to decide whether the statements are true or false according to the passage.(P 134)Key:1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11
8、12FTFTFFTTFTDetailed InformationTF Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems in the world.(Para.1)Language Point originate:come from a particular place or start in a particular situation e.g.Many Christmas traditions originated in Germany.Many herbs o
9、riginate from the Mediterranean.Some scholars have estimated that yoga is as old as 5,000 years;(Para.1)Language Point estimate:to try to judge the value,size,speed,cost etc of something,without calculating it exactly e.g.The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.Some analysts estimate its
10、current popularity at around ten per cent.a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size,amount,cost,etc.of sth e.g.I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.Yogis claim that it is a highly developed science of healthy living that has b
11、een tested and perfected for all these years.(Para.1)Language Point claim:to state that something is true,even though it has not been provede.g.The company claims that their product makes you thin without dieting.The report claimed that hundreds of civilians had crossed the border to escape the figh
12、ting.claim responsibility/credit(for sth):say officially that you are responsible for something that has happenede.g.The group claimed responsibility for a series of bombings.perfect:(v.)to make something as good as you are able toe.g.Mock trials help students perfect their legal skills.They have pe
13、rfected the art of winemaking.(adj.)as good as possible,or the best of its kind e.g.Hiring a nanny has turned out to be the perfect solution.Their house is absolutely perfect for parties and barbecues.Language Point Yoga slowly began gaining followers,and flourished during the 1960s when there was a
14、 surge of interest in Eastern philosophy.(Para.1)flourish:n.兴旺；茂盛兴旺；茂盛vi.繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期 e.g.Those plants you gave me are flourishing.你给我的那些植物长得茂盛。你给我的那些植物长得茂盛。surge:n.汹涌澎湃，奔腾汹涌澎湃，奔腾;猛增；急剧上升猛增；急剧上升e.g.Specialists see various reasons for the recent surge in inflation.专家认为最近通货膨胀加剧
15、有各种原因。专家认为最近通货膨胀加剧有各种原因。Today,yoga is thriving,and it has become easy to find teachers and practitioners throughout America.Language Point thriving:very successful e.g.It has become a thriving business center.As a result of this relocation,many thriving northern industrial centers became depressed a
16、reas.Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours,with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation.(Para.3)Language Point a sequence of:a set of events,actions,numbers,etc.which have a particular order and which lead to a particula
17、r result 一系列，一串一系列，一串 e.g.He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.A computer can store and repeat sequences of instructions.in sequence 依次，逐一依次，逐一e.g.Number them in sequence 1,2,3 etc.out of sequence 次序混乱，不按顺序次序混乱，不按顺序e.g.The chapters may be studied out of sequence.Yoga achieve
18、s its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline,and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine,offering deeper and challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept.(Para.3)adept：adj.熟练的；擅长熟练的；擅长的的 n.内行；能手内行；能手 be adept in（at）善于善于,擅长擅长,精通精通adapt:vt.使适应；改编使适应；改编（for）vi.适应于适应于-（to
19、）adopt:vt.采取；接受；收养采取；接受；收养 The basic positions can increase a persons strength,flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately,but it can take years to perfect and deepen them,which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many.(Para.3)Language Point appealing:attractive or interest
20、ing e.g.The city offers an appealing combination of sporting and cultural events.Brightly coloured packaging made the pens especially appealing to children.appealing look/expression/voice etc:a look etc that shows that someone wants help or sympathye.g.Are you sure its okay?she said with an appealin
21、g smile.Many YMCAs,colleges,and community health organizations offer beginning yoga classes as well,often for nominal fees.(Para.4)YMCA:Young Mens Christian Association,基督教青年会基督教青年会nominal:adj.名义上的；有名无实的；名义上的；有名无实的；(价格、金额价格、金额)象征性的象征性的e.g.The settler got the house at a nominal price.移居者象征性地花点钱买下了这栋房
22、子。移居者象征性地花点钱买下了这栋房子。The American Medical Association recommends meditation techniques as a first step before medication for borderline hypertension cases.(Para.6)borderline:n.分界线分界线,国界线国界线 adj.边界上的；暧昧的；不明确的；可疑的边界上的；暧昧的；不明确的；可疑的 Language Point Many yogis are amazed at how rapidly yogas popularity has
23、 spread in America,considering the legend that it was passed down secretly by handfuls of adherents for many centuries.（Para.11)handful:1)a very small number of people or things 少数人或物少数人或物 e.g.There were only a handful of people there.They cannot hope to win more than a handful of seats at the next
24、election.2)an amount that you can hold in your hand 一把（的量）e.g.The boy picked up a handful of stones and started throwing them at us.Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12Task 1Choose the sentence in which the underlined word has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the sentence quoted from the pass
25、age.(P135)BDCBABDCVocabulary in Action ACDB Task 21.master mastery masterpieceA.Its one of the greatest _of Western art.B.I never quite _ the art of walking in high heels.C.He doesnt have _ of the basic rules of grammar.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from each group.Change the f
26、orm if necessary.Some words may be used more than once.(P136)masterpiecesmasteredVocabulary in Action mit commission commitmentA.He has clearly _his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.B.You can _ them to paint something especially for you.C.She doesnt want to make a big emotio
27、nal _ to Steve at the moment.3.execute executive executionA.Franklin is in charge of _ the companys reorganization plan.B.The solicitors are proceeding with the _ of her mothers will.C.He sits on the _ committee that manages the mittedcommissioncommitmentexecutingVocabulary in Action executionexecut
28、ive4.present presentation representA.Bears Cafe needs to pay more attention to _ and taste.B.The goddess is _ as a woman with cows horns.C.The sword was _ by the family to the museum.D.Were you _ when the news was announced?presentationrepresentedpresentedVocabulary in Action present5.innovator inve
29、ntor investorA.The patent lists six _ who worked on the system.B.Foreign _ have shown considerable interest in the venture.C.Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as a great military _.inventorsinvestorsinnovators6.breath breathe breathless breathtakingA.We had to stop for _ before we got to the
30、top.B.She lay awake listening to her sisters steady _.C.The banks new on-line service is still growing at a _ pace.D.I was a little _ and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.breathbreathingbreathtakingVocabulary in Action breathless7.physical physiological psychologicalA.The emotional and _ strain of th
31、e previous day had left him exhausted.B.The drug produced no obvious _ response.C.Robyns loss of memory is a _ problem,rather than a physical one.physicalphysiologicalpsychological8.routine disciplineA.Martial arts teach respect,_,and cooperation.B.We are trying to get the baby into a _of feeding an
32、d sleeping.C.You must _ yourself to finish your work on time.disciplineroutinedisciplineVocabulary in Action 9.perform perfect practice properA.Youre getting betteryou just need a little more _.B.The new drug has _well in tests.C.Gemma spent hours trying to _ her technique.D.In those days it was not
33、 thought entirely _ for a woman to be on the stage.practiceperformedperfectproper10.resistance reaction response reconciliationA.The decision provoked an angry _ from local residents.B.It took hours of negotiations to bring about a _ between the two sides.C.The demonstrators offered little or no _ t
34、o the police.D.There has been no _ to his remarks from the government.reactionreconciliationresistanceVocabulary in Action responseTask 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase from the box.Change the form if necessary.Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-writtenpracticedada
35、pted fundamentalsouldescribedmentalstate of beingpicturedexercisesVocabulary in Action controlexperiencesinlcudingindividualsmedical Causes and consequences of stressParas.4-5Introductionactive measures can be taken Paras.1-3Para.6ConclusionParas.7-8Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingI.Introduction:Str
36、ess affects everyone to some degree.Stress can motivate us to _ and it can also _ _,leading to a host of diseases of adaptation.reach our goals and keep life interesting compromise immune functioning Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingII.Causes and consequences of stress:Recognizing the causes and effe
37、cts of stress is important for learning how to manage it.Stress has a variety of sources:_.Stressors vary in severity:Major stressors include _Minor stressors events or problems such as _.environmental stressors,physiological stressors,emotional or psychosocial stressorspersonal crises and job/schoo
38、l-related pressures or major age-related transitiontraffic hassles,peer/work relations,time pressures,and family squabbles Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingIII.If the cause of a stress or problem can be identified,active measures can be taken to improve the situation.Another factor that makes events
39、stressful is _.a lack of controlReading MoreGlobal UnderstandingIV.The nature and magnitude of stressors change during the life span.College presents unique challenges and stressors with _.The new generation of students faces stressors that _.schoolwork and work outside of school,taking exams,speaki
40、ng in public,and becoming comfortable with talking to professors as well as new relationshipsReading MoreGlobal Understandingwere not typical for college students in the pastV.Conclusion:University counseling centers are typically understaffed and unable to handle the increasing number of college st
41、udents seeking mental health service.Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingTask 2 (pages144-145)FChoose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text.Key:1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)9)10)BACDCCABReading MoreDetailed InformationADStress can compromise immune functioning,leading to a host o
42、f diseases of adaptation.(Para.2)promise:vt.妥协；危害妥协；危害 vi.妥协；让步妥协；让步 n.妥协，和解；折衷妥协，和解；折衷e.g.Such conduct will compromise your reputation.He refused to compromise his principles.他对他的原则寸步不让。他对他的原则寸步不让。2.a host of:许多，一大群；许多，一大群；In addition,the way we think about or perceive stressful situations has a si
43、gnificant impact on how our bodies respond.(Para.2)perceive:1)notice,see,or recognize something感觉，觉察，注意到感觉，觉察，注意到 e.g.That morning,he perceived a change in Francas mood.The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.2)understand or think of something or someone in a particular way 视为，认为，理
44、解为视为，认为，理解为 e.g.Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.Language Point A stess overload of too many demands on your time can make you feel that you are no longer in control.(Para.4)释义：释义：生活或工作中有太多的事情要做会让你生活或工作中有太多的事情要做会让你压力过大，从而使你觉得力不从心。压力过大，从而使你觉得力不从心。Because stress
45、ors vary in magnitude and duration,many experts categorize them by severity.(Para.7)categorize:put people or things into groups according to the type of person or thing they aree.g.The population is categorized according to age,sex,and social group.Make a list of your childs toys and then categorise
46、 them as sociable or antisocial.Language Point Major stressors can alter daily patterns of stress and impair our ability to handle the minor stressors of life,(Para.7)impair:to damage something or make it not as good as it should bee.g.The illness had impaired his ability to think and concentrate.Th
47、e condition does not seem to impair his ability to work.Language Point Stress brought on by a relationship with friends or co-workers,on the other hand,may be hareder to understand.(Para.9)bring on:导致，引起，使发展导致，引起，使发展This incident will surely bring on a crisis.这次突发事件定将导致一场危机。这次突发事件定将导致一场危机。Depending
48、on your perspective,some periods in life are more stressful than others,but each phase has its own challenges and experiences.(Para.11)perspective:a way of thinking about something,especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiencese.g.His fathers death gave him a
49、 whole new perspective on life.His experience abroad provides a wider perspective on the problem.Language Point tremendous pressures and responsibilities force youto juggle career and family obligations.(Para.11)juggle:vt.1).歪曲歪曲,颠倒颠倒 He juggled the companys accounts to show a profit.为了表明公司赢利为了表明公司赢
50、利,他篡改了公司的账目。他篡改了公司的账目。2).尽力同时应付（两个或两个以上的重要工作或活动）尽力同时应付（两个或两个以上的重要工作或活动）Although more people are receiving care for mental health problems than in the past,the vast majority are still not receiving adequate care.(Para.15)adequate:enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose
