1、绪绪 论论勘探勘探exploration 开发开发production 顿钻钻井顿钻钻井cable drilling旋转钻井旋转钻井Rotary drilling转盘钻井转盘钻井Rotary drilling 顶驱钻井顶驱钻井top drive drilling井下动力钻井井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻具钻井涡轮钻具钻井turbine drilling螺杆钻具钻井螺杆钻具钻井screw drilling旋转钻井钻机旋转钻井钻机Rotary Rig动力系统动力系统(Power System)旋转系统旋转系统(Rotating System)绪绪 论论提升系
2、统提升系统(Hoisting System)循环系统循环系统(Circulating System)井控系统井控系统(Well Control System)监测系统监测系统(monitoring System)井架井架derrick天车天车crown block游动滑车游动滑车travelling block大钩大钩hook大绳大绳drilling line绞车绞车drawworks绪绪 论论泥浆泵泥浆泵mud pump泥浆池泥浆池mud pit振动筛振动筛Vibration Screen防喷器组防喷器组blowout preventers地面管汇地面管汇surface pipeline遥控
3、面板遥控面板remote control panel压井管汇压井管汇kill line钻前准备钻前准备drill preparation钻进钻进drilling固井固井well cementation完井完井well completion绪绪 论论直井直井straight/vertical well 定向井定向井directional well水平井水平井horizontal well浅井浅井shallow well中深井中深井medium-deep well深井深井deep well 超深井超深井ultra deep well特超深井特超深井super/extra deep well探井探井
4、exploration well采油井采油井production well多底井多底井multi-bore well丛式井丛式井cluster well or multiple wells 第一节第一节 岩石分类与结构岩石分类与结构 第二节第二节 岩石工程力学性质岩石工程力学性质第三节第三节 地下压力特性地下压力特性第四节第四节 井底压力条件下岩石的力学性质及其影响因素井底压力条件下岩石的力学性质及其影响因素第一章第一章 钻井的工程地质条件钻井的工程地质条件第一章第一章 钻井的工程地质条件钻井的工程地质条件沉积岩沉积岩sedimentary rock变质岩变质岩metamorphic rock
5、岩浆岩岩浆岩magmatic rock岩石的物理机械性质岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock 岩石的弹性模量岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock岩石的泊松比岩石的泊松比rock Poissons ratio岩石的切变模量岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock抗拉伸强度抗拉伸强度tension resistance抗压缩强度抗压缩强度 compressive resistance抗剪切强度抗剪切强度 shearing resistance抗弯切强度抗弯切强度 bending resistance弹
6、性弹性elasticity脆性岩石脆性岩石 brittle rock 塑性岩石塑性岩石plastic rock岩石塑性系数岩石塑性系数rock plasticity coefficient 地应力地应力in situ stress围压围压confining pressure 有效应力有效应力effective stress 压持效应压持效应chip hold effect 岩石的可钻性岩石的可钻性drillability 岩石的研磨性岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness地层水地层水formation brine比重比重specific gravity第一章第一章 钻井的工程地质条件钻
7、井的工程地质条件静液压力静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力孔隙压力pore pressure地层压力地层压力formation fluid pressure地层破裂压力地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure上覆岩层压力上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 基岩应力基岩应力matrix stress压力梯度压力梯度pressure gradient 异常压力异常压力abnormal pressure 压实作用压实作用compaction欠压实作用欠压实作
8、用 undercompaction function第一章第一章 钻井的工程地质条件钻井的工程地质条件机械钻速法机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法指数法d-exponent method dc指数法指数法 dc-exponent method声波时差法声波时差法acoustic travel time岩石硬度岩石硬度rock hardness漏失试验法漏失试验法leak-off test第一章第一章 钻井的工程地质条件钻井的工程地质条件刮刀钻头（刮刀钻头（blade bit）牙轮钻头牙轮钻头（cone bit）金刚石钻头（金刚石钻头（diamond bit）天然
9、金刚石钻头（）天然金刚石钻头（）natural diamond人造聚晶金刚石钻头（）人造聚晶金刚石钻头（）polycrystalline diamond compact bit热稳定聚晶金刚石钻头（）热稳定聚晶金刚石钻头（）thermally stable polycrystalline diamond bit水力结构水力结构 hydraulic structure超顶（超顶（cone overhang）复锥（复锥（offset axis）移轴（移轴（multiply cone）第二章第二章 钻进工具钻进工具钻头的经济指标钻头的经济指标(economic indicators of bit)钻
10、头进尺钻头进尺(bit footage)钻头工作寿命钻头工作寿命(bit operating life)钻头平均机械钻速钻头平均机械钻速(bit average rate of penetration)钻头单位进尺成本钻头单位进尺成本(cost per singer footage)切削、剪切、挤压切削、剪切、挤压冲击、压碎、剪切冲击、压碎、剪切研磨研磨第二章第二章 钻进工具钻进工具浮力浮力 buoyancy钻柱钻柱drill stem/string 钻铤钻铤drill collar钻杆钻杆drill pipe方钻杆方钻杆kelly钻头钻头bit 稳定器稳定器stabilizerHWDP-厚壁
11、钻杆（厚壁钻杆（Heavy wall drill pipe）复合钻柱复合钻柱combination string中性点中性点neutral point最大安全静拉力最大安全静拉力maximum safety static tension 第二章第二章 钻进工具钻进工具钻井液钻井液drilling fluids/mud水基钻井液水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液低固相钻井液low solids fluidsAPI滤失量滤失量API filtration分散相分散相(dispersio
12、n phase)分散介质分散介质(dispersion medium)化学处理剂化学处理剂(Chemical treating agent)滤失滤失filtration 滤饼滤饼filter cake 含砂量含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids流变方程流变方程rheological equation牛顿流体牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid塑性流体塑性流体plastic fluid幂律流体幂律流体power law假塑性流体假塑性流体pseudo
13、 plastic fluid膨胀液体膨胀液体expansion fluid钻井液流变性钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力静切力gel strength静切力静切力gel strength动切力动切力yield value塑性粘度塑性粘度Plastic Viscosity动塑比动塑比ratio of yield value to plastic viscosity初切力初切力initial gel strength 终切力终切力10-minuto gel str
14、ength固相控制固相控制solid control钻屑钻屑cutting 砂砂sand 泥泥silt 压差卡钻压差卡钻(differential pressure sticking)井漏井漏(lost circulation)井塌井塌(borehole collapse)钻井液污染钻井液污染(drilling fluid contamination)井眼轨道井眼轨道(well trajectory)井眼轨迹井眼轨迹(well track)井深井深Measure DepthMeasure Depth井斜角井斜角inclination/deviation angel方位角方位角azimuth a
15、ngle井斜变化率井斜变化率rate of 方位变化率方位变化率rate of azimuth井眼曲率井眼曲率hole curvature 垂深垂深True vertical depth(TVDTrue vertical depth(TVD)水平投影长度水平投影长度horizontal projection length(hole deviation)水平位移水平位移horizontal displacement平移方位角平移方位角(translational azimuth)N N坐标和坐标和E E坐标坐标(N-coordinate&E-coordinate)视平移视平移(apparent
16、horizontal displacement)水平投影图水平投影图(horizontal projection)垂直投影图垂直投影图(vertical projection)垂直剖面图垂直剖面图(vertical cross section)直井段直井段(Vertical section)ok造（增）斜段造（增）斜段(build section)kb稳斜段稳斜段(hold section)bh降斜段降斜段(drop section)hd目标点目标点(target point)靶区及靶区半径靶区及靶区半径(target area)rt靶心距靶心距(off-target distance)St造
17、斜点造斜点(kick off point)k二维定向井二维定向井Two-dimensional directional well三维定向井三维定向井Three-dimensional directional well喷射式钻头喷射式钻头jet bit射流喷速射流喷速jet velocity射流冲击力射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率射流水功率jet hydraulic-power钻头压降钻头压降bit pressure-drop 钻头水功率钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power钻井泵的工作状态钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of
18、drilling pump额定泵压额定泵压rated pump pressure 额定功率额定功率rated pump power 循环压耗循环压耗circulating pressure loss优选标准optimization standard 第四章第四章 钻进参数优选钻进参数优选钻压钻压weight on bit转速转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量排量rate of flow进尺进尺footage喷嘴喷嘴nozzle 钻速方程钻速方程drilling rate equation/model第四章第四章 钻进参数优选钻进参数优选测斜测斜deviational
19、survey平均角法平均角法average angle method曲率半径法曲率半径法radius of curvature method井斜井斜well deviation满眼钻具满眼钻具packed hole assembly 钟摆钻具钟摆钻具pendulum assembly钟摆力钟摆力pendulum force井底动力钻具井底动力钻具bottomhole motor转盘钻转盘钻 rotary drill工具面角工具面角tool face orientation装置方位角装置方位角tool face azimuth定向方位角定向方位角Directional azimuth反扭角rea
20、ctive torque angle地层井眼系统的压力平衡地层井眼系统的压力平衡 balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density波动压力（激动压力）波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力抽汲压力swabbing pressure 井侵井侵 influx 溢流溢流overflow 井涌井涌kick 井喷井喷well blowout地下井喷地下井喷u
21、nderground blowout 井喷失控井喷失控out of control for blowout正压差正压差positive differential pressure负压差负压差negative differential pressure平衡钻井平衡钻井 balanced drilling 欠平衡欠平衡under balanced drilling近平衡近平衡near balanced drilling 过平衡过平衡overbalanced drilling关井关井shut in防喷器防喷器blow out preventer地面管汇地面管汇surface drill pipe环形
22、空间环形空间annulus压井压井killing well 硬关井硬关井hard closing 软关井软关井soft closing 压井方法压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）工程师法（等待加重量法）engineers method司钻法（二次循环法）司钻法（二次循环法）drillers method套管程序套管程序casing program 导管导管conductor表层套管表层套管surface casing 技术套管技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管生产套管production casing 尾管尾管line钻井
23、尾管钻井尾管drilling liner生产尾管生产尾管production liner套管接箍套管接箍casing coupling套管柱套管柱casing string前置液前置液ahead fluid 隔离液隔离液spacer fluid冲洗液冲洗液flushing fluid 第七章第七章 固井与完井固井与完井套管的外载荷套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力套管内压力burst套管外挤压力套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力套管轴向力axial load 套管强度套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度套管抗挤强度collap
24、se resistance套管抗拉强度套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度套管抗内压强度burst resistance完井方法完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法裸眼完井法open hole completion 先期裸眼完井法先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion第七章第七章 固井与完井固井与完井射孔完井法射孔完井法perforation completion衬管完井法衬管完井法slotted liner completion砾石充填
25、完井法砾石充填完井法gravel pack completion固井质量固井质量cement job quality固井质量评价固井质量评价cement evaluation窜槽窜槽cement channeling顶替效率顶替效率displacement efficiency尾管固井尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger井口装置井口装置wellhead油管头油管头tubing head套管头套管头casing head采油树采油树Christmas tree第八章第八章 固井与完井固井与完井稠化时间稠化时间th
26、ickening time凝结时间凝结时间setting time第八章第八章 固井与完井固井与完井卡钻卡钻drill pipe sticking 压差卡钻压差卡钻differential sticking砂桥卡钻砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻键槽卡钻key seating 地层膨胀卡钻地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻钻头泥包卡钻balling-up sticking 卡点卡点sticking point断钻具断钻具drilling pipe breaking
27、第八章第八章 其他钻井技术及作业其他钻井技术及作业空气钻井空气钻井air drilling充气钻井充气钻井aeration drilling 泡沫钻井泡沫钻井foam drilling雾化钻井雾化钻井mist drilling液相流体钻井液相流体钻井liquid phase fluid drilling套管钻井套管钻井casing drilling 连续油管钻井连续油管钻井coiled tubing drilling取心取心coring取心取心收获率收获率core recovery套管开窗套管开窗 milled window in casing侧钻侧钻side track第八章第八章 其他钻井
28、技术及作业其他钻井技术及作业不渗透围栅不渗透围栅permeability barrier地层压力检测方法地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法地震资料法seismic data method岩石的体积压缩系数岩石的体积压缩系数 coefficient of bulk compressibility压力监控压力监控pressure detection and control异常压力及其形成异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and its formation地层破裂压力预报方法地层破裂压力预报方法formation
29、fracture pressure prediction静滤失量静滤失量static filtration动滤失量动滤失量dynamic filtration瞬时滤失量瞬时滤失量instantaneous filtration 喷射距离喷射距离jet length第一章第一章 钻井的工程地质条件钻井的工程地质条件开钻开钻spud in 完钻完钻finishing drilling 送钻送钻bit feed机械钻速机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻跳钻bit jumping喷射钻井喷射钻井jet-bit drilling射流射流jet flow 冲击
30、射流冲击射流impact jet flow清洗井底清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning第四章第四章 钻进参数优选钻进参数优选钻进钻进drilling/penetrate 钻进技术钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压钻压weight on bit悬重悬重string suspending weight 钻重钻重drilling weight转速转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量排量rate of flow进尺进尺footage喷嘴喷嘴nozzle 防喷设备和工具防喷设备和工具blo
31、wout prevention tools and equipments第四章第四章 钻进参数优选钻进参数优选套管柱下部结构套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器套管扶正器centralizer水泥浆水泥浆slurry 注水泥方法注水泥方法cementing methods常规注水泥法常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法双级注水泥法two stage cementing下套管下套管running casing 活动套管活动套管moving casing第七章第七章 固井与完井固井与完井
