1、Grammar and usage Non-restrictive relative clauses1.The man _came to our school is Mr.Wang.2.A child _parents are dead is called Tom.3.I like the person to _you just talked.4.I still remember the day I first came here.5.The factory his father works is in the west of the city.6.That is the reason I d
2、id the job.7.We cant eat the weight-loss pills _ have side effects.who/thatwhosewhomwhenwherewhywhich/that Please complete the attributive clause with relative words.Revision：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。1关系代词：2关系副词：The students who study hard will pass the exam.在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。紧跟先行词(名词或代
3、词)之后。关系代词的指代关系关系代词的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用whowhomwhichthatwhose主语主语 宾语宾语(可省可省)宾语宾语(可省可省)主语主语 宾语宾语(可省可省)主语主语 宾语宾语(可省可省)定语定语关系副词的指代关系关系副词的指代关系指地点指原因 指时间在定语从句中的作用wherewhenwhy时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语介词介词+which 原因状语原因状语1.I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river
4、where we learned to swim.3.Do you know the reason why the sky is blue?1.Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman down the street,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us for dinner next week.若去掉，句子含义不明确which guy?which river?the reason for
5、 what?若去掉，不影响句子含义无逗号与主句隔开有逗号与主句隔开restrictive relative clausesnon-restrictive relative clauseHow restrictive relative clauses differ from non-restrictive relative clauses?限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别区别区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式形式意义意义译法译法不用逗号不用逗号与主句隔开。用逗号用逗号与主句隔开。是先行词不可缺少的定语，如省略，主句意义将不完整。只是对先行词或整个主句的附加说
6、明，如省略，主句意义仍然完整、明确。通常译成先行词的定语。通常译成与主句并列的分句。关系词关系词所指所指所作成分所作成分关系代词关系代词who指人主语主语whom指人which指代整个主句或主句的一部分主语主语/宾语等宾语等whose指人或指物的定语定语as指代整个主句或主句的一部分主语主语/宾语等宾语等关系副词关系副词when时间名词时间状语时间状语where通常是地点名词地点状语地点状语非限制性定语从句的关系词1.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,has a very long history.2.This is New York,_ I have vis
7、ited for several times.3.He seems not to have grasped what I meant,_ greatly upsets me.4.He was late again,_ made the teacher very unhappy.which引导的非限制性定语从句，其引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词先行词可以是主句中的可以是主句中的某个单词或短语某个单词或短语，也可以是，也可以是整个句子整个句子；which在从句中可作在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语等主语、宾语或定语等，不可省略不可省略。whichwhichwhich which1.As is kno
8、wn to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer.2.As we all know,the earth is round.3.Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.4.The book is very interesting,as most readers say.as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是整个主句整个主句或或主句的主句的一部分一部分。as引导的从句可以置于引导的从句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后主句前、主
9、句中或主句后。as是关系词中是关系词中唯一可以置于句首唯一可以置于句首的关系词的关系词。as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别关系代词关系代词意义意义从句位置从句位置as正如，就像正如，就像可位于句首、句中或句末which这一点，这这一点，这/那那一般位于主句之后1.常见搭配常见搭配as we all know/as is known to all众所周知众所周知，as is often the case情况常常如此情况常常如此，as is hoped正如所希望的那样正如所希望的那样，as was expected/as we had expected正如所预料的那样正如所预料的那样，as
10、 has been said above如上所述如上所述，As is reported in the newspaper,.正如正如报纸报道的那样报纸报道的那样2.固定句型固定句型the same.as;such.as;so as;as as as引导非限制性定语从句时常用引导非限制性定语从句时常用情况情况在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,whom、which 前面可以加前面可以加 some/several/a few/many/more/most of 等修饰词等修饰词，表示整体中的部分或所有表示整体中的部分或所有。1.Many people,some of _ are not ov
11、erweight,are going on a diet.2.I have been to many big cities,all of _ have left a deep impression on me.3.I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party,_(他们中的大部分他们中的大部分)are from abroad.4.I earn only 1,000 dollars a month,_(其中一半其中一半)is spent on my car.whomwhichmost of whomhalf of which关系
12、代词前关系代词前介词介词的确定的确定(1).依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。I bought a great many books,I spent all my money that I saved.(2).依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来进行。依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来进行。In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.(3).根据所表达的意思来确定。根据所表达的意思来确定。The colorless gas we cannot live is called oxygen.介词介词+关系
13、代词关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略关系代词也不可省略。(指物：指物：which;指人：指人：whom)on whichwithout whichof whom“非限定非限定”使用说明书使用说明书 1.从句中所有的关系词都从句中所有的关系词都_省略省略 2.从句不能用从句不能用_引导引导 3.在在“非限定非限定”中中,指人的关系代词作宾语时，指人的关系代词作宾语时，_,不能用不能用who替换替换,也不能省略。也不能省略。4.从句置于句首时从句置于句首时,不能用不能用_引导引导;而用而
14、用 _引导引导(as 可放可放主句前主句前,中，也可放主句后中，也可放主句后)Conclusion不可不可that/why只能用宾格只能用宾格whomwhichas 1.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ made the others unhappy.A.which B.who C.this D.what2.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of th
15、em3.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ my old parents live.A.which B.that C.where D.thereA A C 一、选择最佳答案一、选择最佳答案1)I live in Nanjing,_is a big city.2)I like my English teacher,_ speaks good English.3)I visit my grandparents at the weekend,_ I do not go to school.4)Many people,some of _ are not
16、overweight,are going on a diet.5)John told me he would join the Poetry Club,_ surprised me greatly.6)_ is known to all,the Moon travels around the Earth.whichwhowhen二、根据句意填关系词二、根据句意填关系词whomwhichAs1)The boy was away from home for a week,_ _(这使他父母很担心这使他父母很担心).2)The fire lasted for a whole night,_ _(这造
17、成了极大的破坏这造成了极大的破坏).which worriedwhich caused great damagehis parents very much1)These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population,whose welfare depends on tourism.2)The prices of tourist essentials such as transport,accommodation and food usually increase too,which brings even more wealth to
18、 the surrounding community.3)More nature-centred tourist attractions,where man and nature live in harmony,can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.4)As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained,wildlife habitats are likely to suffer,which could endanger the
19、 local plants and animals.5)Local festivals and customs,which may have deep meaning in a particular culture,can simply become entertainment for tourists.We often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add extra information to a noun,pronoun or noun phrase in the main clause or the main clause.A co
20、mma is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause.We usually introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like who,whom,which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where.The relative pronoun or adverb _(can/cannot)be left out in a non-restrictive rel
21、ative clause.We can use _(which/who/where)in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole.cannotwhichMy parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people,some of whom had never been abroad before.My favorite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai,where my grandma w
22、as born.Dr Luo,who is an expert in Chinese history,will give us a tour of Beijing.Id rather visit Europe in summer,when the weather is at its best.Im reading a guidebook to Rome,which is really fascinating and helpful.cadb限制 性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上_逗号_逗号意义上去掉后句意_去掉后句意_作用上修饰限制可修饰_补充说明作用可修饰_翻译时译为.的可译为并列句关系词做宾语可以省略可用that 可用who代替whom不可省略不可用that,why引导不用who代替whom不完整不完整不用不用用用完整完整先行词或主句先行词或主句先行词先行词
