1、English in Electric AutomationSunny ShenIntroductionRelativeSpecialized EnglishTechnical EnglishAcademic EnglishThe function of languagesLanguage:The use by human beings of voice sounds,and often written symbols representing these sounds,in organized combinations and p a t t e r n s i n o r d e r t
2、o e x p r e s s a n d communicate thoughts and feelings.语言：人类声音的使用，并且经常是代表这些声语言：人类声音的使用，并且经常是代表这些声音的文字符号，并以有条理的组合和形式出现，音的文字符号，并以有条理的组合和形式出现，目的是为了表达和交流思想和感情目的是为了表达和交流思想和感情Language:A tool for communicating A tool for studying advanced knowledgeFour aspectsListeningSpeakingReading WritingHow to learn E
3、nglish Practicing;Using english;Being brave;Every time and everywhere.The Main Aspects in the TestSpecialized words,technical terms,common abbreviateReading comprehensionTranslatingPart 1 Electronics 1Electrical MeasuringInstrumentsVocabularypersonnel .p:snel n.人员，职人员，职员员voltmeter vlt.mi:t(r)n.电压表，电
4、压表，伏特计（表）伏特计（表）Ohmmeter um.mi:t n.欧姆计，欧姆计，电阻表电阻表megohmmeter megumi:t n.兆兆欧表欧表wattmeter wtmi:t n.瓦特表瓦特表（计），电表，功率（计），电表，功率(W)watt-hour n.瓦时，瓦特小时瓦时，瓦特小时(能量能量单位单位)ammeter mit,m.mi:t n.安安培计，电流表培计，电流表 calibrate calibrate v.校正（准）校正（准）scale skeil n.刻度刻度，量程，量程rated reitid adj.额定的额定的interfere with .intfi 有害于。
5、有害于。indicating needle indikeiti ni:dl （仪表）指针（仪表）指针hazardous hzds adj.危险的危险的pivot pivt n.支点支点terminal t:minl n.接线端子接线端子spiral spairl adj.螺旋形螺旋形的的spring spri n.弹簧弹簧shunt nt n.分流，分路分流，分路(流流)器；并联，旁路器；并联，旁路rectifier rektifai n.整流器整流器electrodynamometer ilektrdainmmit(r)n.电测力计电测力计strive straiv v.争取争取vane v
6、ein n.（机器的）（机器的）叶，叶子叶，叶子strip strip n.条，带，片条，带，片crude kru:d n.不精细的，不精细的，粗略的粗略的polarity pulriti n.极性极性 dynamometer .dainmmit n.测力计，功率计测力计，功率计Aluminum .ljuminim,.lminim n.铝铝deteriorate ditirireit v.（使）恶（使）恶化化eddy current edi krnt 涡流涡流gear gi n.齿轮，传动装置齿轮，传动装置dial dail n.刻度盘刻度盘fuse fju:z n.保险丝，熔丝保险丝，熔丝r
7、ugged rgid adj.坚固的坚固的depict dipikt v.描绘，描写描绘，描写cartridge fuse k:trid fju:z 盒盒式保险丝式保险丝blow blu v.(保险丝保险丝)烧断烧断plug fuse plg 插头式保险丝插头式保险丝malfunction mlfnkn n.故障故障deenergize v.不给不给.通电通电insulation .insjulein n.绝缘绝缘generator denreit n.发电机发电机magneto mgni:tu n.磁发电机磁发电机humidity hju:miditi n.湿度湿度moisture mist
8、 n.潮湿，湿气潮湿，湿气abbreviate bri:vieit v.缩写，缩写缩写，缩写为为transformer trnsf:m(r),tr:-n.变压器变压器thumb m v.检查，查阅检查，查阅milliammeter .milimi:t n.毫安表毫安表multimeter n.万用表万用表1.The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.这些仪表经过校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便按期望这些仪表经过校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便按期望的单位读取数值
9、。的单位读取数值。2.A basic knowledge of the construction and operation of meters will aid the user in making proper connections and maintaining them in safe working order.关于仪表的基本构造知识和操作方法将帮助使用者正确关于仪表的基本构造知识和操作方法将帮助使用者正确地连接和维护这些仪表，以使它们处于安全的工作状态。地连接和维护这些仪表，以使它们处于安全的工作状态。注：注：长句在科技英语中极为常见，在翻译时，应当长句在科技英语中极为常见，在翻
10、译时，应当适当适当断句将其拆分为数个短句断句将其拆分为数个短句，使句子更易于理解。，使句子更易于理解。难句参考翻译难句参考翻译 3.CAUTION:Never allow a meter to exceed its rated maximum limit.The importance of never allowing the actual value to exceed the maximum value indicated on the meter can not be overemphasized.Exceeding maximum values can damage the indic
11、ating needle,interfere with proper calibration,and in some instances may cause the meter to explode,resulting in injury to the user.Some meters are equipped with over current protection.However,a current many times greater than the instruments design limit may still be hazardous.警告：绝对不要让仪表（工作于）超出其额定
12、最大值警告：绝对不要让仪表（工作于）超出其额定最大值（的状态）。不允许仪表的测量值超过其标注的最大值，（的状态）。不允许仪表的测量值超过其标注的最大值，这这一点怎么强调也不过分一点怎么强调也不过分，超过最大测量值将损坏指针、影响，超过最大测量值将损坏指针、影响仪表的校准状态，在某些情况下仪表甚至可能爆炸，导致用仪表的校准状态，在某些情况下仪表甚至可能爆炸，导致用户受伤。一些仪表配备有户受伤。一些仪表配备有过流保护装置过流保护装置，但是，电流，但是，电流大于仪大于仪表的设计极限值多倍表的设计极限值多倍依然是有害的。依然是有害的。4.The larger the amount of current
13、,the farther the needle will move.电流电流越越大，指针移动大，指针移动越越多。多。5.The conductor is formed into coil,which is placed on a pivot between the poles of the permanent magnet.The coil is connected to the terminals of the instrument through two spiral springs.These springs supply a reacting force proportional to
14、 the deflection.When no current is flowing,the springs cause the needle to return to zero.导体在支架上被绕成线圈，并被置于永久磁铁磁极之间，导体在支架上被绕成线圈，并被置于永久磁铁磁极之间，线圈通过两个螺旋型的弹簧连接至仪表的接线端，线圈通过两个螺旋型的弹簧连接至仪表的接线端，弹簧提供弹簧提供一个与指针偏移成正比的恢复力一个与指针偏移成正比的恢复力（反作用力）。当没有电流（反作用力）。当没有电流时，弹簧使得指针回归零位。时，弹簧使得指针回归零位。6.The meter scale is designed
15、to indicate the amount of current being measured.The movement of the coil(and thus the movement of the indicating needle)is proportional to the amount of current flowing in the coil.If it is necessary to measure larger currents than the coil can safely carry,a bypass circuit,or shunt,is included.The
16、 shunt many be contained within the meter housing or connected externally.仪表的刻度被设计成能显示待测电流大小，线圈的移动仪表的刻度被设计成能显示待测电流大小，线圈的移动（也就是指针的偏移）正比于线圈中电流的大小。如果必须（也就是指针的偏移）正比于线圈中电流的大小。如果必须测量大于线圈所能安全承载的电流值时，就会接入一个测量大于线圈所能安全承载的电流值时，就会接入一个分流分流电路电路，也就是旁路器，它可能置于仪表，也就是旁路器，它可能置于仪表内部内部，也可以外接。，也可以外接。7.Note:Regardless of t
17、he design,the distance the needle moves is determined by the amount of current flowing in the coil.注意：不管如何设计，指针移动的距离由流过线圈中的注意：不管如何设计，指针移动的距离由流过线圈中的电流大小决定。电流大小决定。注：注意祈使句的翻译，应当简洁、明了、有力。注：注意祈使句的翻译，应当简洁、明了、有力。8.A slight change must be made in the design in order to use this type of meter on AC.A rectifi
18、er is a device which changes AC to DC.It must be incorporated into the meter and the scale must be drawn to indicate the correct value of AC voltage.Rectifier-type AC meters cannot be used on DC and are generally designed as voltage meters.为了让这种仪表能工作在交流，必须对设计进行小小的为了让这种仪表能工作在交流，必须对设计进行小小的改变：改变：在仪表内加入
19、整流器，即将交流转换为直流的装置，在仪表内加入整流器，即将交流转换为直流的装置，并且刻度应该被标刻成能正确显示交流电压并且刻度应该被标刻成能正确显示交流电压。整流型交流仪。整流型交流仪表不能用于直流，而且通常被设计成电压表。表不能用于直流，而且通常被设计成电压表。注：适当调换次序，可以使文章更流畅。注：适当调换次序，可以使文章更流畅。9.The electrodynamometer,Fig.1.2 is another design for both ammeters and voltmeters that can be used on alternating current.This ins
20、trument consists of two stationary coils and one movable coil.The three coils are connected in series with each other through two spiral springs.The spring also support the movable coil.When current flows through the coils the movable coil moves in a clockwise direction.电测力计，如图电测力计，如图1.2所示，所示，是另一种可以
21、用于交流的设是另一种可以用于交流的设计方案，且既可以用作电流表，又可以用作电压表计方案，且既可以用作电流表，又可以用作电压表。这种仪。这种仪器由两个固定线圈和一个动线圈组成，这三个线圈通过两个器由两个固定线圈和一个动线圈组成，这三个线圈通过两个螺旋型弹簧螺旋型弹簧相互相互串联串联，弹簧还起到支撑动线圈的作用。当电，弹簧还起到支撑动线圈的作用。当电流流过线圈时，可动部分沿顺时针方向移动。流流过线圈时，可动部分沿顺时针方向移动。clockwiseanti clockwise10.In the electrodynamometer.The sacle is not divided uniformly
22、,as it is in permanent magnet-type meters.The force on the movable coil varies with the square of the current flowing through the coils.This requires that the divisions near the beginning of the scale be made closer together than those near end.The greater the distance between the divisions,the more
23、 accurately one can read the meter.It is important to strive for an accurate reading.电测力计的刻度不是均匀划分，由于它是一种永磁型仪电测力计的刻度不是均匀划分，由于它是一种永磁型仪表，作用于动线圈的力与流过该线圈的电流的平方成正比，表，作用于动线圈的力与流过该线圈的电流的平方成正比，所以要求靠近起点的所以要求靠近起点的刻度分隔刻度分隔比靠近终点的要密。分隔之间比靠近终点的要密。分隔之间的距离越宽，仪表的读数就越准确，应当尽量获得精确的读的距离越宽，仪表的读数就越准确，应当尽量获得精确的读数。数。11.The
24、voltage tester is used to check common voltages,to identify the grounded conductor,to check for blown fuses,and to distinguish between AC and DC.The voltage tester is small and rugged,making it easier to carry and store than the average voltmeter.Fig.1.3 and 1.4 depict methods for testing fuses with
25、 a voltage tester.电压测试器用于检查常见电压电压测试器用于检查常见电压、识别、识别接地导体接地导体、查找查找损坏损坏的的熔断器熔断器、区别交、直流，它小而坚固，与其它电压测量装置区别交、直流，它小而坚固，与其它电压测量装置相比便于携带和收藏。图相比便于携带和收藏。图1.32和图和图1.4图示了用电压测试器测图示了用电压测试器测试熔断器的方法。试熔断器的方法。注：注：注意中文翻译时的注意中文翻译时的标点符号标点符号的使用。的使用。12.CAUTION:Always read and follow the instructions that are supplied with t
26、he voltage tester.警告：总是阅读电压测试器的说明书并警告：总是阅读电压测试器的说明书并按照其指示进行操按照其指示进行操作。作。注：注意注：注意follow的翻译的翻译13.The voltmeter is a much more accurate measurement than the voltage tester.Because voltmeters are connected in parallel with the circuit or the component being considered,it is necessary that they have rela
27、tively high resistance.The internal resistance keeps the current through the meter to a minimum.The lower the value of current through the meter,the less effect it has on the electrical characteristics of the circuit.电压表比电压测试器更为精确，因为它与电路或待测部电压表比电压测试器更为精确，因为它与电路或待测部件相并联，所以必须有相对较高的内阻，使得通过仪表的电件相并联，所以必须
28、有相对较高的内阻，使得通过仪表的电流最小。通过仪表的电流越小，对电路特性的影响就越小。流最小。通过仪表的电流越小，对电路特性的影响就越小。14.The average meter used by the electrician is generally between 95 percent and 98 percent accurate.This range of accuracy is satisfactory for most applications.It is very important,however,that the electrical worker strive to obt
29、ain the most accurate reading possible.An accurate reading can be obtained by standing directly in front of the meter face and looking directly at it.If the meter has a mirror behind the scale,adjust the angle of sight until there is no reflection of the indicating needle in the mirror.For extreme a
30、ccuracy,a digital meter may be used.电工所使用的电压表的平均精度在电工所使用的电压表的平均精度在95到到98之间，这之间，这样的精度对于大多数的应用是令人满意的。样的精度对于大多数的应用是令人满意的。但是，电工力求但是，电工力求获得更高的精度，这一点很重要。获得更高的精度，这一点很重要。通过如下方法可以得到更通过如下方法可以得到更精确的读数：站在仪表的正前方并且直视面板，如果仪表在精确的读数：站在仪表的正前方并且直视面板，如果仪表在刻度后面有一面镜子，调整视角直到在镜子中看不到指针的刻度后面有一面镜子，调整视角直到在镜子中看不到指针的影子为止。若要得到很高的
31、精度，可以使用数字仪表。影子为止。若要得到很高的精度，可以使用数字仪表。15.When using voltmeters on DC,it is very important to maintain proper polarity.Most DC power supplies and meters are color coded to indicate the polarity.Red indicates the positive terminal;black indicates the negative terminal.If the polarity of the circuit or c
32、omponent is unknown,touch the leads to the terminals while observing the indicating needle.If the indicating needle attempts to move backwards,the meter lead connections must be reversed.使用电压表时一定要注意连接极性的正确性。很多直流使用电压表时一定要注意连接极性的正确性。很多直流电源和直流仪表电源和直流仪表约定约定了以色彩代表极性：红色代表正接线端、了以色彩代表极性：红色代表正接线端、黑色代表负接线端。如果
33、电路或部件的极性未知，将仪表测黑色代表负接线端。如果电路或部件的极性未知，将仪表测试笔与其接线端相接触，同时观察指针，如果指针向反向移试笔与其接线端相接触，同时观察指针，如果指针向反向移动，则表笔的连接必须对调。动，则表笔的连接必须对调。16.A good rule of thumb for wires and equipment rated at over 1 000 V is to divide the voltage rating by 1,000 to obtain the minimum value of insulation resistance in megohms.对于工作于额
34、定电压在对于工作于额定电压在1000V以上的导线和设备来说，一个以上的导线和设备来说，一个不错的不错的计算规则计算规则是：将额定电压除以是：将额定电压除以1000即得到了该设备以即得到了该设备以兆欧为单位的最小绝缘电阻。兆欧为单位的最小绝缘电阻。电表有四个或电表有四个或5个刻度盘，每个刻度盘有一个指针，标刻有个刻度盘，每个刻度盘有一个指针，标刻有0到到9。刻。刻度盘读数从从右到左，度盘读数从从右到左，从右到左刻度盘分别显示个位、十位、百位、千位从右到左刻度盘分别显示个位、十位、百位、千位和万位和万位。如图。如图1.11，4位刻度盘显示位刻度盘显示1238千瓦时。如果指针在两个数之间，千瓦时。如
35、果指针在两个数之间，总是读取两个数中较小的那个总是读取两个数中较小的那个。17.Kilowatt-hour metes have either four or five dials.Each dial has an indicating needle and a scale from 0 to 9.The dials are read from right to left.Beginning with the right-hand dial and working to the left,the dials indicate units,tens,hundreds,thousands,and ten-thousands.In Fig.1.11,the dials of a four-dial meter are show.The dials indicate 1,238kWh.If the indicating needle is between two numbers,the smaller of the two numbers is always read.
