1、冶金工程专业英语金 焱10/23/2022/16:19:332范文讲解：p Part1 Fundamentals of Iron and Steelmaking p Part2 Iron making p Part3 Steel making/16:19:333Part1 Fundamentals of Iron and Steelmakingp Global steel industryu New development in Europe p Fundamental of iron making u Reduction of iron oxides p Fundamental of ste
2、el making u Fundamentals of Ladle Metallurgical Reactions/16:19:334Part2 Iron makingp Sinter plant u Sinter quality p Blast Furnace u Blast furnace gas system and hot blast stoves p Pulverized coal injection technology u Blast furnace Instrumentation and Control p COREX plant u HIsmelt/16:19:335Part
3、3 Steel makingp Hot metal Desulfurization Technology u Hot metal pretreatment process p Basic Oxygen Furnace u Process control strategies of BOF p Electric Arc Furnace u Direct Current Electric Arc Furnace p Ladle Furnace,Tank Degasser,RH,and CAS-OB u Continuous Casting/16:19:33Unit1 Global steel in
4、dustry10/23/2022/16:19:3371.Overviewp The global steel industry is highly cyclical,very competitive and still fragmented in terms of market share.Currently the industry is at the height of the business cycle and is going through a consolidation phase,which might result in the smaller players being a
5、cquired by the larger ones.p1.cyclical:周期的；轮转的，循环的。p2.fragment:(使)成碎片，(使)分裂。p3.market share:市场份额。p4.consolidation:合并。p5.acquire:取得，获得。/16:19:338p The total output from the industry exceeds 1.4 billion tons in 2005,most of it augmented by the increase in output from China.This is expected to increase
6、 further,making steel output from China among the largest in the world.p 6.output:产量；生产，出产，产品。p 7.augment:(使)扩张，扩大；扩编；(使)增大，增加。/16:19:339p The steel industry demonstrates a high degree of variability,both in terms of earnings and production.The factors attributable for driving this variability are g
7、lobal economic conditions with a particular sensitivity to the performance of the automotive,construction,capital goods and other industrial products industries.p8.variability:变化性；变异性。p9.earning:利润。p10.factor:要素，因素。p11.attributable:由引起的。p12.sensitivity:敏感(性)。p13.capital:主要的，资本的。/16:19:3310p The comm
8、odity nature of steel,the producers and consumers limited control on price,and the demand and supply disparity have made steel prices volatile.Significant increases in prices for metals and energy over the past two years have also contributed to increased variability in the modity:常 pl.商品。p15.dispar
9、ity:不同，不等。p16.volatile:易变的，反复无常的。/16:19:33112.Brief Company Overviewsp(1)Arcelor-Mittal:u The five-month long duel between Netherlands-based Mittal and Luxembourg-based Arcelor has concluded.Mittals unprecedented takeover victory in the battle for the global steel giant has brought the five-month ba
10、ttle to a halt,after the final shareholder approval.In the new Arcelor-Mittal combine the Mittal family collectively holds a 43.5 percent share.p17.duel:竞争，斗争。p18.conclude:结束，终止。p19.unprecedented:没有前例的。p20.takeover:接收。p21.giant:巨人；大汉。/16:19:3312u The new steel company will have about 334,000 employe
11、es world-wide,and revenues close to$70 billion.Arcelor is well-positioned in Western Europe and catering the high-grade auto and construction industry.p22.halt:暂停前进。p23.shareholder:股东。p24.approval:批准。bine:集团。p26.collective:集合的。p27.revenue:(国家的)岁入；pl.总收入。/16:19:3313u Mittal with mills spread out thro
12、ugh the four continents in low-cost locations such as Czech Republic,Mexico,and Kazakhstan,producing mostly basic steel products.Still there are things to be settled between Arcelor and Mittal.For example,the fate of the Canadian steel maker Dofasco acquired in April 2006 by Arcelor is yet to be dec
13、ided.p28.well-positioned:较好的定位。p29.cater:为(宴会等)供应酒菜；供应；迎合，投合。p30.cost:费用；代价，价格；成本。p31.Kazakhstan:哈萨克斯坦亚洲国名。/16:19:3314u Mittals aggressive business model has helped the company create a profitable enterprise in countries that were not regarded as obvious investment targets(such as Ukraine and Indone
14、sia).It has track record of buying loss-making,bankrupt or under-producing steel companies,and turning them around by restructuring,cost cutting and layoffs,thereby creating leaner and more competitive operations.p32.Ukraine:乌克兰。p33.Indonesia:印度尼西亚。p34.profitable:有利可图的，。p35.track record:成绩纪录。p36.und
15、er-producing:半停产。p37.layoffs:临时解雇；停工；停止活动。/16:19:3315p The company has production units in 17 countries.In contrast,Arcelor holds front running positions in its main markets:automotive,construction,household appliances and packaging as well as general industry.Arcelor is the number one steel produce
16、r in Europe and Latin America.Taking advantage of its now dominant position,Arcelor-Mittal has ambitions to further expand internationally in order to take advantage of the growth potential of developing economies and offer technologically advanced steel solutions to its global customers.p 38.lean:精
17、干的。p 39.household appliance:家庭用具。p 40.dominant:最有力的，占优势的。/16:19:3316p Arcelor-Mittal is more than three times larger in terms of production of and revenue from steel,than its nearest rival Nippon Steel Corp.of Japan.The combined company will now have a significant advantage in setting prices and neg
18、otiating the terms of various contracts with key customers.The new steel industry titan will be better equipped to combat the volatile nature of the steel industry.This is due to the fact that it will have globally diversified operations and a diversified product line giving it the power to negotiat
19、e with large customer.p 41.rival:竞争者，对手。p 42.titan:巨头。p 43.diversified:多样化的。/16:19:3317p(2)Nippon Steel Corporation:u Nippon Steel Corporation is Japans No.1 steelmaker and the worlds third largest,in terms of crude steel production,with annual consolidated output of approximately 33 million tons.It
20、 is backed by a solid business franchise supported by diverse product lines with a focus on high value added products,outstanding product development capability,as well as a strong customer base.The Company has also secured a solid presence overseas,fueled by distinctive research and development cap
21、abilities and strategic alliances.p44.consolidated:加固的；整理过的，统一的。p45.franchise:某种特许权。p46.diverse:多种多样的。p47.presence:存在。p48.fuel:(给)加供给燃料。p49.distinctive:独特的。p50.strategic:战略(上)的。p51.alliance:同盟。/16:19:3318p(3)Posco:u The Pohang Iron and Steel Company based in Pohang,South Korea,it is one of the top s
22、teel producers.Posco operates two steel companies in South Korea,one in Pohang and the other in Gwangyang.In addition to this,Posco operates in a joint venture with US Steel with name of USSPosco,located in Pittsburgh.p 52.joint venture:合资(企业)。/16:19:3419p In June 2005,Posco signed a memorandum of u
23、nderstanding with the State Government of Orissa,India and plans to invest$12 billion to construct a plant with four blast furnaces,an electricity plant,housing,and an annual production capacity of 12 million tons of steel and is expected to start production in 2010.p 53.memorandum:记录；备忘录；便笺函；通知书；寄售
24、物品通知书。p 54.blast furnace:高炉，鼓风炉。p 55.housing:房屋；住宅。/16:19:3420p (4)Severstal:Severstal is the largest Russian steel producer,with 2005 annual steel production of 17.1 million tons.In addition,Severstal owns Severstal North America,the fifth largest integrated steel maker in the U.S.with 2005 product
25、ion of 2.7 million tons,and Lucchini,Italys second largest steel group with 2005 production of 3.5 million tons./16:19:3421p Severstal is one of the worlds lowest cost and most profitable steel producers,with 2005 EBITDA of approximately 150 euros per ton.Severstal-Resource,its own subsidiary owns 7
26、0 years of iron ore reserves and 84 years of coal reserves,2005 revenue and EBITDA were approximately EUR1.12 billion and EUR506 million,respectively.Severstal-Resource produces coking coal,thermal coal,iron ore pellets and iron ore concentrate.p56.EBITDA:未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销前的利润。p57.euro:欧元。p58.subsidiary
27、:子公司。p59.reserve:储备。p60.respectively:各自。p61.coking coal:炼焦煤。p62.thermal coal:动力煤。p63.iron ore:铁矿石。p64.pellet:球团矿。p65.iron ore concentrate:铁精矿。/16:19:3422p(5)Corus:u Corus is a customer focused,innovative solutions driven company,which manufactures,processes and distributes metal products as well as
28、providing design,technology and consultancy services.The companys headquarters are in London,with four Divisions and operations worldwide.p 66.innovative:创新的。p 67.manufacture:(大量)制造，加工。p 68.consultancy:咨询，顾问服务。p 69.headquarters:总部。p 70.division:政府或公司的一个部分位。/16:19:3423u Corus ranks among the 10 large
29、st steel producers in the world,with about 18 million tonnes of crude steel production in 2005.Activities include carbon steel production which are 90%of sales and aluminum smelting,rolling,and extrusion 10%of sales.The groups main production bases are the U.K.,the Netherlands,Sweden,Germany,France,
30、Belgium,and the U.S.It is often spoken about as a possible takeover candidate.p 71.crude steel:粗钢。p 72.carbon steel:碳素钢。p 73.smelt:精炼。p 74.roll:轧钢。p 75.extrusion:挤压成型。p 76.takeover:接收；接管。/16:19:34243.Global Steel Industry p The steel industry in the European Union is structured differently than the
31、steel industry in the United States.The key difference is the consolidation of the industry.Arcelor-Mittal,ThyssenKrupp,and Corus enjoy substantial market share in a largely consolidated market place./16:19:3425p The steel industry in the United States is completely different compared to other indus
32、tries globally.US corporate bond issuers have a higher historical default rate than any other steel producer globally.p 77.bond:契约；联盟；证券，。p 78.issuer:发行者。p 79.default:不履行；违约；拖欠；不履行债务；缺席。/16:19:3426p This reflects highly leveraged capital structures of the US steel producers compared to the European
33、counterparts who hold higher cash balances placing significant importance to a cautious approach to liquidity.The high default rate in the US steel industry can be attributed to an elevated level of shareholder pressure for high short-term returns,which then forces the management to deploy higher-ri
34、sk strategies.p 80.leverage:为提供杠杆装置；以“杠杆收购法”投资于(某个基金)。p 81.liquidity:流动性，流畅。/16:19:3427p Oversupply in China,particularly in commodity based flat products and long products,and the inventory build-up in Asian countries are pressuring the regions profitability and cash flow and thus contributing to t
35、he variability in the global steel industry.A new record high was set for world trade in steel,which grew 8%in 2005 to about 1.3 billion tons.p 82.oversupply:过度供给。p modity:商品。p 84.flat product:扁平材产品。p 85.long product:长材产品。p 86.inventory:存货。p 87.build-up:上升，升高。/16:19:3428p The largest steel exporting
36、 countries in 2005 were EU 32.4 million tons,Japan 32 million tons,Russia 30.9 million tons,Ukraine 27.3 million tons and,entering the top 5 for the first time,China 27.4million tons up a solid 37 percent.The largest importing countries were China 27.5 million tons,the EU25.1 million tons and Japan
37、13.2 million tons.The major exporters of iron ore in 2005 were Australia 239 million tons and Brazil 224 million tons.p 88.break-up:明细表。/16:19:3429pImports into China increased by 32%in 2005,compared to 2004,imports into the EU and Japan actually fell by 2%.Imports into China from Australia in 2005
38、were 112million tons,an increase of 34million tons on 2004.Imports from India,at 68.5million tons,were up by 18million tons on 2004 which means that imports from India have increased tenfold since 1998.Imports into China from Brazil reached 55 million tons,and increase of 8 million tons.The break-up
39、 of Chinese imports by country of origin shows that Australia supplied 41%,India 25%and Brazil 20%,other countries such as South Africa contribute to the remaining 14%./16:19:3430p(1)China:u In 2005 steel production in China was 349 million tons up 25%from 2004.In comparison,production in 2004 was 2
40、80 million tons,2003 was 222 million tons and 2002 182 million tons.Imports in 2005 fell 18%to 27.3 million tons from 33.2 million tons in 2004./16:19:3431u Imports had previously risen significantly in 2003 to reach 43 million tons.Exports grew 36%in 2005 to reach 27 million tons compared with 20 m
41、illion tons in 2004 and 8 million tons in 2003.Since September 2004 exports have exceeded imports to make China a net steel exporter although this was reversed from July 2005.However,in December 2005,exports again exceeded imports.Real GDP in China is expected to be around 10 percent in 2006 and wil
42、l most likely remain high in 2007 in the run-up to the 2008 Beijing Olympics,hence feeding demand./16:19:3432pChina,which is a major producer and consumer globally,is a net exporter of steel and its increased supply of products might find its way to the North America markets.The sudden increase in s
43、teel imports from China is not only fueled by the Beijing Olympics scheduled for 2008,but also because of the increase in domestic demand for infrastructure ignited by the rapid industrialization in China.Currently there are numerous small local steel companies in China,and in general view the Chine
44、se steel industry is ripe for a rapid consolidation phase.After Beijing Olympics in 2008,there are prospects of a slow down in the industry.p89.infrastructure:基础设施。p90.ignite:点燃。p91.ripe:成熟的。p92.be ripe for:的时机成熟。/16:19:3433p(2)United States:u The US,which is traditionally a steel importer,recorded
45、imports of 30.2 million tons in 2005 a drop of 8%on 2004.The key imported products were semis 6.3 million tons,hot rolled coil 3.7million tons,welded tubes 3.6million tons and wire rod 2.8million tons.Key supplying countries include the NAFTA members Canada 5.6million tons and Mexico 3.8 million ton
46、s followed by Brazil 2.4million tons and China 2.3 million tons.US steel mill exports in 2005 were 9.4million tons compared with 7.8miliion tons in 2004.p93.appetite:胃口。p94.semis:半成品。p95.hot rolled coil:热轧钢卷。p96.welded tube:焊管。p97.wire:钢丝。p98.rod:线材。p99.NAFTA:North American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由
47、贸易协定。p100.steel mill:钢厂。/16:19:3434p(3)European Union:u EU imports,after reaching their highest level ever in Q1 2005 at 8.7 million tons,fell back sharply in the second quarter to down to 7.7 million tons and also in quarter 3 down to 5.3 million tons.Hence in the first 9 months 2005 imports,at 21.
48、7 million tons were 11%down on the same period 2004./16:19:3435u Consequently,over the first 9 months the EU has resumed its position as a net steel exporter with a surplus of 2 million tons imports 21.7 million tons and exports 23.7 million tons.Key products imported by the EU include semis,hot rol
49、led coil,wire rod,galvanized sheet,hot rolled plates and cold rolled sheet.Key import sources include Russia 3.9 million tons,Turkey 2.1 million tons,Ukraine 2.2 million tons,China 1.5 million tons,India 0.9 million tons and Brazil 1.1 million tons.p101.resume:拿回。p102.surplus:盈余。p103.galvanized shee
50、t:镀锌薄板。p104.hot rolled:热轧的。p105.plate:（中厚板）。p106.cold rolled:冷轧的。p107.sheet:薄板。/16:19:34Reading material 1:New development in Europe 10/23/2022/16:19:34371.Steel production in Europep Steel is a global product,and due to the rapid information transfer worldwide there are no fundamental differences r
